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Impact of climate change in Southeast Europe; adaptation policies, environmental and human security, and normative resolutions

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 1 - 15, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.51756/marlife.1025195

Öz

This paper examines the impact of climate change in the Balkans on the different macro components of human and environmental security: the environmental dimension, the state's adaptation policies, and crisis management for the signified imperatives of mitigation describing impacts on different divisions offering normative resolutions. A comprehensive analysis of climate change in the Western Balkans has identified human health, security, and quality of life as highly vulnerable to natural disasters and weather changes. The agricultural sector, forestry, water management, free-flowing rivers, and Adriatic sea tourism are the ones that will suffer the most significant consequences. It is essential to follow the provisions of the Paris Agreement; climate-neutral green economies. It is required to build the necessary capacity, determining a general policy course for low-emission development resilient to climate change. As Western Balkans is the region facing a real threat posed by climate change, it is necessary to more actively promote the concepts of environmental protection, conservation of resources, and the use of renewable energy sources. At the institutional level, it is necessary to promote the concept of human security policies through laws and other acts or to incorporate it into existing ones; identify the most vulnerable sectors; make risk and vulnerability assessments, and action plans that will more actively oppose climate change. It is critical to integrate specific policies and projects into strategies, identify existing adaptation opportunities to mitigate climate change and ensure international support. Recent plans for exploiting all rivers are a critical factor of environmental and human insecurity, eradicating the European "blue heart," not correlated to the environment or hydro-energy but systemic corruption. Through joint action and approach, it is possible to limit the consequences and work on capacity building, creating a more resilient community capable of protecting its citizens by implementing human security conceptualization. Action plans are needed to build more modern defense systems to prevent further floods. Given the efficiency shown during the 2014 floods, B&H ethnopolitical authorities' actions, and the complex government, there is a high degree of ethnopolitical manipulation and inefficiency.

Kaynakça

  • Aberle, N., Kljajic, B., Blekic, M., Bardak, D., Gudelj, A., Cancarevic, G., Karvazi, M., and Vuckovic, M. (2012). ISAAC II: Prevalencije alergijskih bolesti i predisponirajući čimbenici za astmu dječje dobi na području Brodsko-posavske županije. Zagreb, Hrvatsko društvo za alergolgiju i kliničku imunologiju.
  • Advisory Committee on the Microbiological Safety of Food Annual Report, (2018). https://acmsf.food.gov.uk/sites/default/files/acmsf_annrep_2018.pdf
  • Baysal, B. (2017). Climate Change and Security: Different Perceptions, Different Approaches, Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 14 (54): 21-44
  • Brown, W., Pfeiffer, K., Mclver, K., Dowda, M., Addy, C. and Pate, R. e (2009). Social and Environmental Factors Associated With Preschoolers Nonsedentary Physical Activity", Child Development, 80(1): 45-58 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01245.x
  • Collins, A. (2010). Savremene sigurnosne studije [Modern security studies], Zagreb: Politička kultura Centri Civilnih Inicijativa, (2014). Poplave u BiH – Elementarne nepogode i/ili institucionalna neefikasnost (Tuzla, Centri civilnih inicijativa http://www.cci.ba/dokumenti/Analiza_B5.pdf
  • Custovic, H. and Bishal, M. (2015). Adaptacija na klimatske promjene u sektoru poljoprivrede : vrijeme je da djelujemo odmah, [Adapting to climate change in the agricultural sector: it is time to act now], Sarajevo : Poljoprivredno-prehrambeni fakultet.
  • Državni hidrometeorološki zavod republike Hrvatske, (2009). Peto nacionalno izvješće Republike Hrvatske prema Okvirnoj konvenciji Ujedinjenih naroda o promjeni klime (UNFCCC) Zagreb: DHMZ https://klima.hr/razno/publikacije/klimatske_promjene.pdf
  • Eichelmann, U. (2019). Deutsche Welle, Tko će prije uništiti rijeke Zapadnog Balkana? https://www.dw.com/hr/tko-%C4%87e-prije-uni%C5%A1titi-rijeke-zapadnog-balkana/a-49757128
  • European Trade Union Confederation, (2020). Guide for trade unions adaptation to climate change and the world of work https://www.etuc.org/sites/default/files/publication/file/2020-09/ETUC-adaptation-climate-guide_HR.pdf
  • FAO, (2021). The impact of disasters and crises 2021 on agriculture and food security, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, http://www.fao.org/3/cb3673en/cb3673en.pdf
  • Global Environmental Change and Human Security, GECHS project, (2013). Annual Review of Environment and Resources, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-032112-100655
  • Hadžić F. (2021). Agnosticism and Atheism as Amoralism and Anti-Ideological Sociopolitical Paradigm in the Balkans, Specifically in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe, (OPREE), 41 (2): 67-85
  • Institut za gradevinarstvo [Institute of Civil Engineering], (2021). Strateška procjena uticaja na okoliš Plana upravljanja vodama za vodno područje rijeke Save u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine 2022.-2027. Banja Luka, Institut za građevinarsvo.
  • Iordanidi, D. (2021). OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo: OSCE, https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/7/0/477370.pdf
  • Krajinovic, B. (2019). Al Jazeera, BiH u očekivanju katastrofa: Sve je na papiru za bolja vremena [BiH in anticipation of disasters: Everything is on paper for better times], https://balkans.aljazeera.net/teme/2019/9/29/bih-u-ocekivanju-katastrofa-sve-je-na-papiru-za-bolja-vremena
  • Legislative law on protection and rescue of humans and material goods from natural or other disasters in Bosnia and Herzegovina http://msb.gov.ba/Zakoni/zakoni/default.aspx?id=1721&langTag=bs-B
  • Leaniz, C., Berkhuysen, A. and Belletti, B. (2019). Nature, Beware small dams, they can do damage, too, https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-01826-y
  • MKim, C. (2015). Wyoming Public Media, Governor Mead Responds To Paris Climate Agreement, https://www.wyomingpublicmedia
  • Pandzic, K. (2019). Al Jazeera, Klima na Balkanu bit će još gora: Klimatolozi iznose crna predviđanja. https://balkans.aljazeera.net/teme/2021/8/7/na-balkanu-ce-biti-jos-gore-ocekuju-se-i-pijavice-poput-americkih-tornada Pejanovic, G. (2019). Al Jazeera, Klima na Balkanu bit će još gora: Klimatolozi iznose crna predviđanja. https://balkans.aljazeera.net/teme/2021/8/7/na-balkanu-ce-biti-jos-gore-ocekuju-se-i-pijavice-poput-americkih-tornada
  • Prvan, M. (2019). Al Jazeera, Klima na Balkanu bit će još gora: Klimatolozi iznose crna predviđanja. https://balkans.aljazeera.net/teme/2021/8/7/na-balkanu-ce-biti-jos-gore-ocekuju-se-i-pijavice-poput-americkih-tornada
  • Radusin, S:, Oprasic, S., Cero, M., Abdurahmanovic, I. &Vukmir, G., (2013). Strategija prilagođavanja na klimatske promjene i niskoemisionog razvoja za bosnu i hercegovinu
  • Ranković, N., Stanisic, M., Nedeljkovic, J. & Nonic, D. (2016). Analiza strateških i zakonodavnih okvira u šumarstvu i povezanim sektorima - ublažavanje negativnih efekata klimatskih promena u Evropskoj uniji i Srbiji. Glasnik Šumarskog fakulteta, (113): 99-132
  • Rossati, A. (2017). Global Warming and Its Health Impact, Int J Occup Environ Med. 8 (1): 7-20 10.15171/ijoem.2017.963
  • SAFU, (2017). Izvještaj o procijenjenim utjecajima i ranjivosti na klimatske promjene po pojedinim sektorima, Jačanje kapaciteta Ministarstva zaštite okoliša i energetike za prilagodbu klimatskim promjenama te priprema Nacrta Strategije prilagodbe klimatskim promjenama Schwaderer, G. (2018). Jutarnji List, Ekolozi upozoravaju: Rijekama Balkana prijeti uništenje zbog brojnih hidroelektrana. https://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/ekolozi-upozoravaju-rijekama-balkana-prijeti-unistenje-zbog-brojnih-hidroelektrana-7880277
  • Sostaric, T. (2019). Al Jazeera, BiH u očekivanju katastrofa: Sve je na papiru za bolja vremena. https://balkans.aljazeera.net/teme/2019/9/29/bih-u-ocekivanju-katastrofa-sve-je-na-papiru-za-bolja-vremena
  • The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), (2021). Sixt Assessment report, https://www.ipcc.ch/assessment-report/ar6/
  • Transparency International B&H (2021). B&H is one of the countries in which corruption is rapidly worsening, its citizens exposed to life-threatening conditions. https://ti-bih.org/bih-medju-zemljama-u-kojim-se-stanje-korupcije-najvise-pogorsava-gradjani-zivotno-ugrozeni/?lang=en
  • Trobletta, M. (2009). Environmental security and climate change: analyzing the discourse, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 21 (4): 585-602 https://doi.org/10.1080/09557570802452920
  • UN Comission, (2021). Adaptation to climate change, https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/adaptation-climate-change_en
  • UNDP, (2015). Podrška oporavku od poplava i smanjenju rizika u Bosni i Hercegovini. http://www.msb.gov.ba/PDF/HRA_BHS_Final21122015.pdf
  • UNFCCC, (2020). The Paris Agreement, What is the Paris Agreement? https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement
  • UNFCCC, (2009). The need for mitigation, https://unfccc.int/files/press/backgrounders/application/pdf/press_factsh_mitigation.pdf
  • USAID, (2017). Monitoring, and evaluation support activity (measure-B&H) expanding USAID's network of development, Final Report. http://measurebih.com/uimages/THE202010-201320USAID20BiH20DGP20EVALUATION20FINAL20REPORT2C20edited2C2012072017.pdf
  • Vijece Ministara B&H [Council of Ministers B&H] (2021). Procjena ugroženosti Bosne i Hercegovine od prirodnih ili drugih nesreća. Sarajevo: Vijece Ministara B&H http://www.msb.gov.ba/PDF/PROCJENA_UGRO%C5%BDENOSTI_BIH_07102013.pdf
  • World Wide Fund for Nature WWF (2012). Procjena ranjivosti na klimatske promene–Srbija [Climate change vulnerability assessment – Serbia\, WWF Centar za unapređenje životne sredine, https://d2ouvy59p0dg6k.cloudfront.net/downloads/cva_srbija_srpski.pdf
  • Zizic, J. (2016). Ekološka sigurnost kao dio koncepta nacionalne sigurnosti: Republika Hrvatska i susjedne zemlje [Ecological security as part of the concept of national security: the Republic of Croatia and neighboring countries], Master's thesis.
Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 1 - 15, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.51756/marlife.1025195

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Aberle, N., Kljajic, B., Blekic, M., Bardak, D., Gudelj, A., Cancarevic, G., Karvazi, M., and Vuckovic, M. (2012). ISAAC II: Prevalencije alergijskih bolesti i predisponirajući čimbenici za astmu dječje dobi na području Brodsko-posavske županije. Zagreb, Hrvatsko društvo za alergolgiju i kliničku imunologiju.
  • Advisory Committee on the Microbiological Safety of Food Annual Report, (2018). https://acmsf.food.gov.uk/sites/default/files/acmsf_annrep_2018.pdf
  • Baysal, B. (2017). Climate Change and Security: Different Perceptions, Different Approaches, Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 14 (54): 21-44
  • Brown, W., Pfeiffer, K., Mclver, K., Dowda, M., Addy, C. and Pate, R. e (2009). Social and Environmental Factors Associated With Preschoolers Nonsedentary Physical Activity", Child Development, 80(1): 45-58 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01245.x
  • Collins, A. (2010). Savremene sigurnosne studije [Modern security studies], Zagreb: Politička kultura Centri Civilnih Inicijativa, (2014). Poplave u BiH – Elementarne nepogode i/ili institucionalna neefikasnost (Tuzla, Centri civilnih inicijativa http://www.cci.ba/dokumenti/Analiza_B5.pdf
  • Custovic, H. and Bishal, M. (2015). Adaptacija na klimatske promjene u sektoru poljoprivrede : vrijeme je da djelujemo odmah, [Adapting to climate change in the agricultural sector: it is time to act now], Sarajevo : Poljoprivredno-prehrambeni fakultet.
  • Državni hidrometeorološki zavod republike Hrvatske, (2009). Peto nacionalno izvješće Republike Hrvatske prema Okvirnoj konvenciji Ujedinjenih naroda o promjeni klime (UNFCCC) Zagreb: DHMZ https://klima.hr/razno/publikacije/klimatske_promjene.pdf
  • Eichelmann, U. (2019). Deutsche Welle, Tko će prije uništiti rijeke Zapadnog Balkana? https://www.dw.com/hr/tko-%C4%87e-prije-uni%C5%A1titi-rijeke-zapadnog-balkana/a-49757128
  • European Trade Union Confederation, (2020). Guide for trade unions adaptation to climate change and the world of work https://www.etuc.org/sites/default/files/publication/file/2020-09/ETUC-adaptation-climate-guide_HR.pdf
  • FAO, (2021). The impact of disasters and crises 2021 on agriculture and food security, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, http://www.fao.org/3/cb3673en/cb3673en.pdf
  • Global Environmental Change and Human Security, GECHS project, (2013). Annual Review of Environment and Resources, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-032112-100655
  • Hadžić F. (2021). Agnosticism and Atheism as Amoralism and Anti-Ideological Sociopolitical Paradigm in the Balkans, Specifically in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe, (OPREE), 41 (2): 67-85
  • Institut za gradevinarstvo [Institute of Civil Engineering], (2021). Strateška procjena uticaja na okoliš Plana upravljanja vodama za vodno područje rijeke Save u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine 2022.-2027. Banja Luka, Institut za građevinarsvo.
  • Iordanidi, D. (2021). OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo: OSCE, https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/7/0/477370.pdf
  • Krajinovic, B. (2019). Al Jazeera, BiH u očekivanju katastrofa: Sve je na papiru za bolja vremena [BiH in anticipation of disasters: Everything is on paper for better times], https://balkans.aljazeera.net/teme/2019/9/29/bih-u-ocekivanju-katastrofa-sve-je-na-papiru-za-bolja-vremena
  • Legislative law on protection and rescue of humans and material goods from natural or other disasters in Bosnia and Herzegovina http://msb.gov.ba/Zakoni/zakoni/default.aspx?id=1721&langTag=bs-B
  • Leaniz, C., Berkhuysen, A. and Belletti, B. (2019). Nature, Beware small dams, they can do damage, too, https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-01826-y
  • MKim, C. (2015). Wyoming Public Media, Governor Mead Responds To Paris Climate Agreement, https://www.wyomingpublicmedia
  • Pandzic, K. (2019). Al Jazeera, Klima na Balkanu bit će još gora: Klimatolozi iznose crna predviđanja. https://balkans.aljazeera.net/teme/2021/8/7/na-balkanu-ce-biti-jos-gore-ocekuju-se-i-pijavice-poput-americkih-tornada Pejanovic, G. (2019). Al Jazeera, Klima na Balkanu bit će još gora: Klimatolozi iznose crna predviđanja. https://balkans.aljazeera.net/teme/2021/8/7/na-balkanu-ce-biti-jos-gore-ocekuju-se-i-pijavice-poput-americkih-tornada
  • Prvan, M. (2019). Al Jazeera, Klima na Balkanu bit će još gora: Klimatolozi iznose crna predviđanja. https://balkans.aljazeera.net/teme/2021/8/7/na-balkanu-ce-biti-jos-gore-ocekuju-se-i-pijavice-poput-americkih-tornada
  • Radusin, S:, Oprasic, S., Cero, M., Abdurahmanovic, I. &Vukmir, G., (2013). Strategija prilagođavanja na klimatske promjene i niskoemisionog razvoja za bosnu i hercegovinu
  • Ranković, N., Stanisic, M., Nedeljkovic, J. & Nonic, D. (2016). Analiza strateških i zakonodavnih okvira u šumarstvu i povezanim sektorima - ublažavanje negativnih efekata klimatskih promena u Evropskoj uniji i Srbiji. Glasnik Šumarskog fakulteta, (113): 99-132
  • Rossati, A. (2017). Global Warming and Its Health Impact, Int J Occup Environ Med. 8 (1): 7-20 10.15171/ijoem.2017.963
  • SAFU, (2017). Izvještaj o procijenjenim utjecajima i ranjivosti na klimatske promjene po pojedinim sektorima, Jačanje kapaciteta Ministarstva zaštite okoliša i energetike za prilagodbu klimatskim promjenama te priprema Nacrta Strategije prilagodbe klimatskim promjenama Schwaderer, G. (2018). Jutarnji List, Ekolozi upozoravaju: Rijekama Balkana prijeti uništenje zbog brojnih hidroelektrana. https://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/ekolozi-upozoravaju-rijekama-balkana-prijeti-unistenje-zbog-brojnih-hidroelektrana-7880277
  • Sostaric, T. (2019). Al Jazeera, BiH u očekivanju katastrofa: Sve je na papiru za bolja vremena. https://balkans.aljazeera.net/teme/2019/9/29/bih-u-ocekivanju-katastrofa-sve-je-na-papiru-za-bolja-vremena
  • The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), (2021). Sixt Assessment report, https://www.ipcc.ch/assessment-report/ar6/
  • Transparency International B&H (2021). B&H is one of the countries in which corruption is rapidly worsening, its citizens exposed to life-threatening conditions. https://ti-bih.org/bih-medju-zemljama-u-kojim-se-stanje-korupcije-najvise-pogorsava-gradjani-zivotno-ugrozeni/?lang=en
  • Trobletta, M. (2009). Environmental security and climate change: analyzing the discourse, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 21 (4): 585-602 https://doi.org/10.1080/09557570802452920
  • UN Comission, (2021). Adaptation to climate change, https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/adaptation-climate-change_en
  • UNDP, (2015). Podrška oporavku od poplava i smanjenju rizika u Bosni i Hercegovini. http://www.msb.gov.ba/PDF/HRA_BHS_Final21122015.pdf
  • UNFCCC, (2020). The Paris Agreement, What is the Paris Agreement? https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement
  • UNFCCC, (2009). The need for mitigation, https://unfccc.int/files/press/backgrounders/application/pdf/press_factsh_mitigation.pdf
  • USAID, (2017). Monitoring, and evaluation support activity (measure-B&H) expanding USAID's network of development, Final Report. http://measurebih.com/uimages/THE202010-201320USAID20BiH20DGP20EVALUATION20FINAL20REPORT2C20edited2C2012072017.pdf
  • Vijece Ministara B&H [Council of Ministers B&H] (2021). Procjena ugroženosti Bosne i Hercegovine od prirodnih ili drugih nesreća. Sarajevo: Vijece Ministara B&H http://www.msb.gov.ba/PDF/PROCJENA_UGRO%C5%BDENOSTI_BIH_07102013.pdf
  • World Wide Fund for Nature WWF (2012). Procjena ranjivosti na klimatske promene–Srbija [Climate change vulnerability assessment – Serbia\, WWF Centar za unapređenje životne sredine, https://d2ouvy59p0dg6k.cloudfront.net/downloads/cva_srbija_srpski.pdf
  • Zizic, J. (2016). Ekološka sigurnost kao dio koncepta nacionalne sigurnosti: Republika Hrvatska i susjedne zemlje [Ecological security as part of the concept of national security: the Republic of Croatia and neighboring countries], Master's thesis.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Çevre ve Kültür
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Faruk Hadžić 0000-0003-1158-7858

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Kasım 2021
Kabul Tarihi 12 Ocak 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Hadžić, F. (2022). Impact of climate change in Southeast Europe; adaptation policies, environmental and human security, and normative resolutions. Marine and Life Sciences, 4(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.51756/marlife.1025195

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