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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2147-6926</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Marmara Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14782/marmarasbd.1769709</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Political Science (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Siyaset Bilimi (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                                                            <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Competitive Authoritarianism in Brazil on the Axis of Populism and Neoliberalism: The Example of Bolsonaro</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Popülizm ve Neoliberalizm Ekseninde Brezilya’da Rekabetçi Otoriterleşme: Bolsonaro Örneği</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-2114</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Şatlı</surname>
                                    <given-names>Onur</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>KARA KUVVETLERİ KOMUTANLIĞI</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260402">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>02</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>14</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>16</fpage>
                                        <lpage>36</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20250821">
                        <day>08</day>
                        <month>21</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260202">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>02</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2013, Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                                        <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>This study analyzes the political transformation experienced in Brazil during the period of Jair Bolsonaro within the framework of the concepts of competitive authoritarianism, populism and neoliberal economic policies. With the increasing processes of democratic decline on a global scale in recent years, the Brazilian example provides an important case for understanding the dynamics of hybrid regimes in which democratic institutions show formal continuity, but their content is systematically eroded. The descriptive research method was used in the study together with discourse analysis and literature research; in addition to Levitsky and Way&#039;s competitive authoritarianism model, analysis of Pappas&#039;s populism and Brown&#039;s the erosion of political institutions by neoliberal economic policies are based on the theoretical framework. The pressures on media freedom, the erosion of judicial independence, the instilling of distrust in electoral processes, the effects of neoliberal reforms on democratic norms and the use of populist leadership strategies were examined thematically through the example of Brazil. Practices such as increasing economic and regulatory pressures on the media, appointments to the supreme judiciary, and distrust of the electoral system during the Bolsonaro era have seriously weakened democratic competition. In addition, it has been seen that the social inequalities created by neoliberal policies, combined with populist leadership discourses, erode democratic participation and institutional legitimacy. The study claims that the political transformation of Brazil under Bolsonaro is an example of competitive authoritarianism, provides an empirical contribution to the literature of competitive authoritarianism on the erosion of democratic norms through neoliberal reforms and populist strategies, and positions the Brazilian example in the global wave of democratic decline. This research, which sheds light on the Brazilian political history for future studies at the stage of democratic consolidation, proposes to examine the progressive process in detail through the reconstruction of democratic institutions, the role of civil society and media independence.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Bu çalışma, Jair Bolsonaro döneminde Brezilya’da yaşanan siyasal dönüşümü rekabetçi otoriterlik, popülizm ve neoliberal ekonomi politikaları kavramları çerçevesinde analiz etmektedir. Son yıllarda küresel ölçekte demokratik gerileme süreçlerinin artış göstermesiyle birlikte, Brezilya örneği, demokratik kurumların biçimsel devamlılık gösterdiği ancak içeriklerinin sistematik olarak aşındırıldığı hibrit rejimlerin dinamiklerini anlamak açısından önemli bir vaka sunmaktadır. Çalışmada betimsel araştırma yöntemi, söylem analizi ve literatür araştırması ile birlikte kullanılmış; teorik çerçevede Levitsky ve Way&#039;in rekabetçi otoriterlik modeline ek olarak Pappas’ın popülizm ve Brown’un neoliberal ekonomi politikalarının siyasi kurumları aşındırması analizleri temel alınmıştır. Brezilya örneği üzerinden medya özgürlüğü üzerindeki baskılar, yargı bağımsızlığının aşındırılması, seçim süreçlerine güvensizlik aşılanması, neoliberal reformların demokratik normlar üzerindeki etkileri ve popülist liderlik stratejilerinin kullanımı tematik olarak incelenmiştir. Bolsonaro döneminde medya üzerindeki ekonomik ve düzenleyici baskıların artması, yüksek yargıya yapılan atamalar ve seçim sistemine duyulan güvensizlik gibi pratikler, demokratik rekabeti ciddi şekilde zayıflatmıştır. Ayrıca neoliberal politikaların yarattığı toplumsal eşitsizliklerin, popülist liderlik söylemleriyle birleşerek demokratik katılımı ve kurumsal meşruiyeti aşındırdığı görülmüştür. Çalışma, Brezilya&#039;nın Bolsonaro ile gelişen siyasal dönüşümünün rekabetçi otoriterliğe bir örnek olduğunu iddia etmekte, rekabetçi otoriterlik literatürüne neoliberal reformlar ve popülist stratejiler yoluyla demokratik normların aşındırılmasına ilişkin ampirik bir katkı sunmakta ve Brezilya örneğini küresel demokratik gerileme dalgası içinde konumlandırmaktadır. Demokratik pekişme aşamasında gelecek çalışmalar için Brezilya siyasi tarihine bir ışık tutan bu araştırma, ilerleyen sürecin demokratik kurumları yeniden inşası, sivil toplumun ve medya bağımsızlığının rolü üzerinden detaylı şekilde incelenmesini önermektedir.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                                                    <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Rekabetçi Otoriterlik</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Bolsonaro</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Popülizm</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Neoliberal Ekonomi Politikaları</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Brezilya Siyaseti</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Competitive Authoritarianism</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Bolsonaro</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Populism</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Neoliberal Economic Policies</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Brazilian Politics</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
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