Test-retest reliability and concurrent validity of the 3-Meter Backward Walk Test in female patients with knee osteoarthritis

Year 2026, Volume: 39 Issue: 1, 32 - 38, 28.01.2026

Merve Yildiz , Onur Aydoğdu

https://doi.org/10.5472/marumj.1873019

Abstract

Objective: 3-Meter Backward Walk Test (3MBWT) is a physical performance-based test that assesses balance, proprioception, and fall
risk. The present study aimed to reveal the reliability of the test-retest and the concurrent validity of 3MBWT in persons with knee
osteoarthritis, which has not been studied yet.
Patients and Methods: A total of 37 female patients were involved in the present study. 3MBWT was administered twice (one-week
interval between sessions) in two different sessions, and the average score was recorded. The Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Knee
Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES) were applied in the initial assessment to
investigate correlations with 3MBWT.
Results: The 3MBWT presented high intra-reliability (ICC=0.872). While, a strong correlation was observed between the 3MBWT
and TUG (r=0.791), a moderate correlation was revealed between MFES and 3MBWT (r=-0.671). Significant correlations with the
3MBWT and KOOS subscales (ranging from – 0.726 to – 0.364) were also observed. The standard error of measurement (SEM) and
the minimal detectable change (MDC95) were calculated as 2.36 and 6.55 seconds, respectively.
Conclusion: 3MBWT is both a valid and reliable measurement tool in persons with knee osteoarthritis. It could be used to monitor the
progression of the disease and the functional status of persons with knee osteoarthritis.

Keywords

Knee osteoarthritis , Backward walking , 3MBWT , Validity , Reliability , Falls

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