Yıl 2020,
, 67 - 74, 31.05.2020
Mümtaz Güran
Nimet İlke Akçay
Kaynakça
- [1] World Health Organization. Health care-associated infections
Fact sheet. World Heal Organ [Internet]. 2015;4. Available
from: http://www.who.int/gpsc/country_work/gpsc_ccisc_
fact_sheet_en.pdf Accessed on: 11.10.2017.
- [2] World Health Organization (Who). Report on the Burden of
Endemic Health Care-Associated Infection Worldwide. WHO
Libr Cat Data 2011;40.
- [3] Shorter E. Ignaz Semmelweis: The etiology, concept, and
prophylaxis of childbed fever. Med Hist 1984;28:334.
- [4] Larson EL. APIC guideline for handwashing and hand
antisepsis in health care settings. Am J Infect Control
1995;23:251-69.
- [5] Garner JS, Favero MS. CDC Guideline for handwashing
and hospital environmental control, 1985. Infect Control
1986;7:231-43.
- [6] World Health Organisation (WHO). WHO Guidelines on
Hand Hygiene in Health Care: First Global Patient Safety
Challenge Clean Care Is Safer Care. World Health [Internet].
2009;30:270. Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/
publications/2009/978.924.1597906_eng.pdf Accessed on:
11.10.2017.
- [7] Sullivan KM, Dean A, Soe MM. OpenEpi: a web-based
epidemiologic and statistical calculator for public health.
Public Health Rep [Internet]. Association of Schools of Public
Health; 2009;124:471–4. Available from: https://www.ncbi.
nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19445426 Accessed on: 11.10.2017.
- [8] Kilpatrick C, Tartari E, Gayet-Ageron A, et al. Global hand
hygiene improvement progress: two surveys using the WHO
Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework. J Hosp Infect
2018;100:202-6.
- [9] World Health Organisation (WHO). Clean Care is Safer Care-
Tools for evaluation and feedback [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2008
Aug 20]. Available from: https://www.who.int/gpsc/5may/
tools/evaluation_feedback/en/ Accessed on 17.10.2017.
- [10] Seyed Nematian SS, Palenik CJ, Mirmasoudi SK, Hatam N,
Askarian M. Comparing knowledge and self-reported hand
hygiene practices with direct observation among Iranian
hospital nurses. Am J Infect Control 2017;45:e65-7. doi:
10.1016/j.ajic.2017.03.007.
- [11] Nair SS, Hanumantappa R, Hiremath SG, Siraj MA, Raghunath
P. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of hand hygiene among
medical and nursing students at a tertiary health care centre
in Raichur, India. ISRN Prev Med 2014;2014:608927. doi:
10.1155/2014/608927.
- [12] Diwan V, Gustafsson C, Rosales Klintz S, et al. Understanding
healthcare workers self-reported practices, knowledge and
attitude about hand hygiene in a medical setting in rural
India. PLoS One 2016;11:e0163347. doi: 10.1371/journal.
pone.0163347.
- [13] Zakeri H, Ahmadi F, Rafeemanesh E, Saleh LA. The knowledge
of hand hygiene among the healthcare workers of two teaching
hospitals in Mashhad. Electron Physician 2017;9:5159-65. doi:
10.19082/5159.
- [14] Nabavi M, Alavi-Moghaddam M, Gachkar L, Moeinian M.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and practices study on hand hygiene
among Imam Hossein Hospital’s residents in 2013. Iran Red
Crescent Med J [Internet]. 2015;17. Available from: http://
www.ircmj.com/?page=article&article_id=19606 Accessed
on: 14.12.2018.
- [15] Maheshwari V, Kaore NCM, Ramnani VK, Gupta SK, Borle A,
Rituja K. A study to assess knowledge and attitude regarding
hand hygiene amongst residents and nursing staff in a tertiary
health care setting of Bhopal city. J Clin Diagnostic Res
2014;8:4-7. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2014/8510.4696.
- [16] Aktug Demir N, Kölgelier S, Küçük A, et al. Level of knowledge
and compliance to hand hygiene among health care workers.
Nobel Med 2013; 9: 104-9.
- [17] Tarakcioglu Celik GH, Korkmaz F. Nurses’ knowledge
and care practices for infection prevention in neutropenic
patients. Contemp Nurse 2017;53:143-55. doi:
10.1080/10376.178.2016.1254566.
- [18] Akyol AD. Hand hygiene among nurses in Turkey: Opinions
and practices. J Clin Nurs 2007;16:431-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-
2702.2005.01543.x.
- [19] Çelik S, Koçaşli S. Hygienic hand washing among nursing
students in Turkey. Appl Nurs Res 2008;21:207-11. doi:
10.1016/j.apnr.2006.12.001.
- [20] Sastry AS, Deepashree R, Bhat P. Impact of a hand hygiene
audit on hand hygiene compliance in a tertiary care public
sector teaching hospital in South India. Am J Infect Control
2017;45:498-501. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.12.013.
- [21] Oh E, Mohd Hamzah HB, Chain Yan C, Ang E. Enhancing hand
hygiene in a polyclinic in Singapore. Int J Evid Based Healthc
2012;10:204-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-1609.2012.00277.x.
- [22] Huang TT, Wu SC. Evaluation of a training programme on
knowledge and compliance of nurse assistants’ hand hygiene
in nursing homes. J Hosp Infect 2008;68:164-70. doi: 10.1016/j.
jhin.2007.11.020.
- [23] Erichsen Andersson A, Frodin M, Dellenborg L, et al.
Iterative co-creation for improved hand hygiene and aseptic
techniques in the operating room: experiences from the safe
hands study. BMC Health Serv Res 2018;18:2. doi: 10.1186/
s12913.017.2783-1.
- [24] Ariyaratne M, Gunasekara T, Weerasekara M, Kottahachchi
J, Kudavidanage, BP, Fernando1 S. Knowledge , attitudes
and practices of hand hygiene among final year medical and
nursing students at the University of Sri Jayewardenepura. Sri
Lankan J Infect 2013;3:15-25. doi: 10.4038/sljid.v3i1.4761.
- [25] Santosaningsih D, Erikawati D, Santoso S, et al. Intervening
with healthcare workers’ hand hygiene compliance, knowledge,
and perception in a limited-resource hospital in Indonesia: a
randomized controlled trial study. Antimicrob Resist Infect
Control 2017;6:23. doi: 10.1186/s13756.017.0179-y.
- [26] Kim E, Joo M, Baik S, Hong S. P161: Knowledge and
perception toward hand hygiene among health – care workers
in teaching hospital, Korea. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control
[Internet]. 2013;2:P161. Available from: https://aricjournal.
biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2047-2994-2-S1-P161
Accessed on: 17.11.2018.
- [27] Lee SS, Park SJ, Chung MJ, et al. Improved hand hygiene
compliance is associated with the change of perception toward
hand hygiene among medical personnel. Infect Chemother
2014;46:165-71. doi: 10.3947/ic.2014.46.3.165.
- [28] Saito H, Inoue K, Ditai J, Wanume B, et al. Alcohol-based hand
rub and incidence of healthcare associated infections in a rural
regional referral and teaching hospital in Uganda (“WardGel”
study). Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2017;6:129. doi:
10.1186/s13756.017.0287-8.
- [29] Severinsson E, Holm AL. Patients ’ Role in their own safety
— A systematic review of patient involvement in safety.
Open Journal of Nursing 2015;5:642-53. doi: 10.4236/
ojn.2015.57068.
- [30] Alzyood M, Jackson D, Brooke D, Aveyard H. An integrative
review exploring the perceptions of patients and healthcare
professionals towards patient involvement in promoting
hand hygiene compliance in the hospital setting. J Clin Nurs
2018;44:0-3. doi: 10.1111/jocn.14305.
Hand hygiene as an incomplete challenge for developing countries: discussions based on knowledge and perceptions of nurses in North Cyprus example and published studies
Yıl 2020,
, 67 - 74, 31.05.2020
Mümtaz Güran
Nimet İlke Akçay
Öz
Objective: In the contemporary nursing era, nurses play important roles in terms of patient care and the prevention of healthcare
associated infections. Here, we aimed to discuss recommendations for developing countries by describing the level of knowledge and
perceptions of hand hygiene among nurses in Northern Cyprus as an example to developing countries.
Materials and Methods: Adapted questionnaires of World Health Organization (WHO) were used for data collection and obtained
data were analyzed using biostatistical methods.
Results: Among the nurses, 5.6% had good hand hygiene knowledge. “Country of education” and “in-service education” factors were
found to affect the knowledge level significantly. Positive perception level was demonstrated by 83.2% of the participants. Availability
of alcohol-based hand-rub and promotion of hand hygiene by leaders were perceived as most useful actions.
Conclusion: Our study results highlighted the importance of hand hygiene education both in occupational and in-service education.
Improvements are suggested in the existing continuing education programs in countries where WHO-Multimodal hand hygiene
improvement strategy is not implemented.
Kaynakça
- [1] World Health Organization. Health care-associated infections
Fact sheet. World Heal Organ [Internet]. 2015;4. Available
from: http://www.who.int/gpsc/country_work/gpsc_ccisc_
fact_sheet_en.pdf Accessed on: 11.10.2017.
- [2] World Health Organization (Who). Report on the Burden of
Endemic Health Care-Associated Infection Worldwide. WHO
Libr Cat Data 2011;40.
- [3] Shorter E. Ignaz Semmelweis: The etiology, concept, and
prophylaxis of childbed fever. Med Hist 1984;28:334.
- [4] Larson EL. APIC guideline for handwashing and hand
antisepsis in health care settings. Am J Infect Control
1995;23:251-69.
- [5] Garner JS, Favero MS. CDC Guideline for handwashing
and hospital environmental control, 1985. Infect Control
1986;7:231-43.
- [6] World Health Organisation (WHO). WHO Guidelines on
Hand Hygiene in Health Care: First Global Patient Safety
Challenge Clean Care Is Safer Care. World Health [Internet].
2009;30:270. Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/
publications/2009/978.924.1597906_eng.pdf Accessed on:
11.10.2017.
- [7] Sullivan KM, Dean A, Soe MM. OpenEpi: a web-based
epidemiologic and statistical calculator for public health.
Public Health Rep [Internet]. Association of Schools of Public
Health; 2009;124:471–4. Available from: https://www.ncbi.
nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19445426 Accessed on: 11.10.2017.
- [8] Kilpatrick C, Tartari E, Gayet-Ageron A, et al. Global hand
hygiene improvement progress: two surveys using the WHO
Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework. J Hosp Infect
2018;100:202-6.
- [9] World Health Organisation (WHO). Clean Care is Safer Care-
Tools for evaluation and feedback [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2008
Aug 20]. Available from: https://www.who.int/gpsc/5may/
tools/evaluation_feedback/en/ Accessed on 17.10.2017.
- [10] Seyed Nematian SS, Palenik CJ, Mirmasoudi SK, Hatam N,
Askarian M. Comparing knowledge and self-reported hand
hygiene practices with direct observation among Iranian
hospital nurses. Am J Infect Control 2017;45:e65-7. doi:
10.1016/j.ajic.2017.03.007.
- [11] Nair SS, Hanumantappa R, Hiremath SG, Siraj MA, Raghunath
P. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of hand hygiene among
medical and nursing students at a tertiary health care centre
in Raichur, India. ISRN Prev Med 2014;2014:608927. doi:
10.1155/2014/608927.
- [12] Diwan V, Gustafsson C, Rosales Klintz S, et al. Understanding
healthcare workers self-reported practices, knowledge and
attitude about hand hygiene in a medical setting in rural
India. PLoS One 2016;11:e0163347. doi: 10.1371/journal.
pone.0163347.
- [13] Zakeri H, Ahmadi F, Rafeemanesh E, Saleh LA. The knowledge
of hand hygiene among the healthcare workers of two teaching
hospitals in Mashhad. Electron Physician 2017;9:5159-65. doi:
10.19082/5159.
- [14] Nabavi M, Alavi-Moghaddam M, Gachkar L, Moeinian M.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and practices study on hand hygiene
among Imam Hossein Hospital’s residents in 2013. Iran Red
Crescent Med J [Internet]. 2015;17. Available from: http://
www.ircmj.com/?page=article&article_id=19606 Accessed
on: 14.12.2018.
- [15] Maheshwari V, Kaore NCM, Ramnani VK, Gupta SK, Borle A,
Rituja K. A study to assess knowledge and attitude regarding
hand hygiene amongst residents and nursing staff in a tertiary
health care setting of Bhopal city. J Clin Diagnostic Res
2014;8:4-7. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2014/8510.4696.
- [16] Aktug Demir N, Kölgelier S, Küçük A, et al. Level of knowledge
and compliance to hand hygiene among health care workers.
Nobel Med 2013; 9: 104-9.
- [17] Tarakcioglu Celik GH, Korkmaz F. Nurses’ knowledge
and care practices for infection prevention in neutropenic
patients. Contemp Nurse 2017;53:143-55. doi:
10.1080/10376.178.2016.1254566.
- [18] Akyol AD. Hand hygiene among nurses in Turkey: Opinions
and practices. J Clin Nurs 2007;16:431-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-
2702.2005.01543.x.
- [19] Çelik S, Koçaşli S. Hygienic hand washing among nursing
students in Turkey. Appl Nurs Res 2008;21:207-11. doi:
10.1016/j.apnr.2006.12.001.
- [20] Sastry AS, Deepashree R, Bhat P. Impact of a hand hygiene
audit on hand hygiene compliance in a tertiary care public
sector teaching hospital in South India. Am J Infect Control
2017;45:498-501. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.12.013.
- [21] Oh E, Mohd Hamzah HB, Chain Yan C, Ang E. Enhancing hand
hygiene in a polyclinic in Singapore. Int J Evid Based Healthc
2012;10:204-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-1609.2012.00277.x.
- [22] Huang TT, Wu SC. Evaluation of a training programme on
knowledge and compliance of nurse assistants’ hand hygiene
in nursing homes. J Hosp Infect 2008;68:164-70. doi: 10.1016/j.
jhin.2007.11.020.
- [23] Erichsen Andersson A, Frodin M, Dellenborg L, et al.
Iterative co-creation for improved hand hygiene and aseptic
techniques in the operating room: experiences from the safe
hands study. BMC Health Serv Res 2018;18:2. doi: 10.1186/
s12913.017.2783-1.
- [24] Ariyaratne M, Gunasekara T, Weerasekara M, Kottahachchi
J, Kudavidanage, BP, Fernando1 S. Knowledge , attitudes
and practices of hand hygiene among final year medical and
nursing students at the University of Sri Jayewardenepura. Sri
Lankan J Infect 2013;3:15-25. doi: 10.4038/sljid.v3i1.4761.
- [25] Santosaningsih D, Erikawati D, Santoso S, et al. Intervening
with healthcare workers’ hand hygiene compliance, knowledge,
and perception in a limited-resource hospital in Indonesia: a
randomized controlled trial study. Antimicrob Resist Infect
Control 2017;6:23. doi: 10.1186/s13756.017.0179-y.
- [26] Kim E, Joo M, Baik S, Hong S. P161: Knowledge and
perception toward hand hygiene among health – care workers
in teaching hospital, Korea. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control
[Internet]. 2013;2:P161. Available from: https://aricjournal.
biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2047-2994-2-S1-P161
Accessed on: 17.11.2018.
- [27] Lee SS, Park SJ, Chung MJ, et al. Improved hand hygiene
compliance is associated with the change of perception toward
hand hygiene among medical personnel. Infect Chemother
2014;46:165-71. doi: 10.3947/ic.2014.46.3.165.
- [28] Saito H, Inoue K, Ditai J, Wanume B, et al. Alcohol-based hand
rub and incidence of healthcare associated infections in a rural
regional referral and teaching hospital in Uganda (“WardGel”
study). Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2017;6:129. doi:
10.1186/s13756.017.0287-8.
- [29] Severinsson E, Holm AL. Patients ’ Role in their own safety
— A systematic review of patient involvement in safety.
Open Journal of Nursing 2015;5:642-53. doi: 10.4236/
ojn.2015.57068.
- [30] Alzyood M, Jackson D, Brooke D, Aveyard H. An integrative
review exploring the perceptions of patients and healthcare
professionals towards patient involvement in promoting
hand hygiene compliance in the hospital setting. J Clin Nurs
2018;44:0-3. doi: 10.1111/jocn.14305.