İndüklenmiş Pluripotent Kök Hücreler ve Uygulamaları

Year 2012, Volume: 25 Issue: 1, 5 - 9, 03.03.2015

Handan Sevim Özer Gürpınar

Abstract

Pluripotent özellik, organizmanın bütün dokularındaki hücreleri oluşturabilme özelliğidir ve sadece embriyonik kök hücre (EKH)’ler bu özelliğe sahiptir. İlk olarak 2006 yılında Takahashi ve Yamanaka isimli araştırmacıların çalışmaları ile somatik bir hücreye gen aktarılması sonucu pluripotent özellikte hücreler elde edilmiştir ve bu hücrelere indüklenmiş pluripotent kök hücre (İPKH) adı verilmiştir. İPKH’ler oluşturulurken pluripotent özelliği sağlamak amacıyla c-Myc, Sox-2, Oct ¾ ve Klf-4 genleri transfeksiyonla somatik hücrelere aktarılmaktadır. Gen aktarımı işlemi sonucunda aktif genleri içeren hücre kolonilerinin seçimi ile İPKH’ler elde edilmektedir. Pluripotent özellikteki EKH’lerde karakteristik olan; kültür ortamındaki gelişim evreleri, DNA metilasyon modeli, teratom oluşturabilme yeteneği, üç germ tabakasına ait hücrelere farklılaşabilme potansiyeli ve kimerik canlılar oluşturabilme özellikleri İPKH’lerde de bulunmaktadır. Bunun yanında, etik olarak çalışılmasında sorunlar yaşanan EKH’ler yerine kullanılabilecek tek kaynaktır. Organizmadaki bütün hücrelere farklılaşabilme özellikleri ile geri dönüşümsüz hücre hasarlarının oluştuğu bütün hastalık modellerinde hücresel tedavi amaçlı kullanılabilir. Ayrıca bu hücreler elde edildiği organizmaya otolog implante edilebilme şansına da sahiptir ve böylece implantasyonlarda yaşanan immun cevap riski ortadan kalkmaktadır. Bu nedenle, İPKH ile hücresel tedaviler, ilaç araştırmaları ve hastalık modellerinin araştırılmasına olanak sağlayabilecek en uygun kaynaktır. Bu derlemede, günümüzde yeni bir araştırma alanı olan İPKH’Lerin elde edilmesi ve kullanım alanları ile ilgili yakın zamanda yapılan araştırmalar hakkında bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

Pluripotent kök hücre, Embriyonik kök hücre, Doku tedavisi, Transfeksiyon, Oktamer transkripsiyon faktörü-3, SoxB1 transkripsiyon faktörleri

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