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Yıl 2022, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 1, 53 - 60, 31.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.5472/marumj.1059577

Öz

Kaynakça

  • [1] Savikko N, Pitkala KH, Strandberg TE, Tilvis RS, Laurila JV. Diagnostic agreement on delirium between the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition; International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision; confusion assessment method [CAM]; and the five-item CAM in older adults with dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 2013;61:662- 4. doi: 10.1111/jgs.12184
  • [2] Inouye SK, Westendorp RG, Saczynski JS. Delirium in elderly people. Lancet 2014;383[9920]:911-22. doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(13)60688-1
  • [3] Dani M, Owen LH, Jackson TA, Rockwood K, Sampson EL, Davis D. Delirium, frailty, and mortality: Interactions in a prospective study of hospitalized older people. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018;73:415-8. doi:10.1093/gerona/glx214
  • [4] Witlox J, Eurelings LS, de Jonghe JF, Kalisvaart KJ, Eikelenboom P, van Gool WA. Delirium in elderly patients and the risk of postdischarge mortality, institutionalization, and dementia: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2010;304:443-51. doi: 10.1001/jama.2010.1013
  • [5] Bellelli G, Mazzola P, Morandi A, et al. Duration of postoperative delirium is an independent predictor of 6-month mortality in older adults after hip fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014;62:1335-40. doi: 10.1111/jgs.12885
  • [6] Leslie DL, Marcantonio ER, Zhang Y, Leo-Summers L, Inouye SK. One-year health care costs associated with delirium in the elderly population. Arch Intern Med 2008;168:27-32. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2007.4
  • [7] Holt R, Young J, Heseltine D. Effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention to reduce delirium incidence in elderly care wards. Age Ageing 2013;42:721-7. doi: 10.1093/ ageing/aft120
  • [8] Siddiqi N, House AO, Holmes JD. Occurrence and outcome of delirium in medical in – patients: a systematic literature review. Age Ageing 2006;35:350-64. doi: 10.1093/ageing/ afl005
  • [9] de la Cruz M, Fan J, Yennu S, et al. The frequency of missed delirium in patients referred to palliative care in a comprehensive cancer center. Support Care Cancer 2015;23:2427-33. doi: 10.1007/s00520.015.2610-3
  • [10] Guigoz Y, Vellas BJ. Malnutrition in the elderly: the Mini Nutritional Assessment [MNA]. Ther Umsch Rev Ther 1997;54:345-50.
  • [11] Rubenstein LZ, Harker JO, Salva A, Guigoz Y, Vellas B. Screening for undernutrition in geriatric practice: developing the short-form mini-nutritional assessment [MNA-SF]. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001;56:M366-72. doi: 10.1093/ gerona/56.6.m366
  • [12] Katz S, Ford AB, Moskowitz RW, Jackson BA, Jaffe MW. Studies of illness in the aged. The index of Adl: A standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. JAMA 1963;185:914-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.1963.030.60120024016
  • [13] Lawton MP, Brody EM. Assessment of older people: selfmaintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist 1969;9:179-86.
  • [14] Masnoon N, Shakib S, Kalisch-Ellett L, Caughey GE. What is polypharmacy? A systematic review of definitions. BMC Geriatr 2017;17:230. doi: 10.1186/s12877-017- 0621-2
  • [15] Morley JE, Malmstrom TK, Miller DK. A simple frailty questionnaire [FRAIL] predicts outcomes in middle aged African Americans. J Nutr Health Aging 2012;16:601-8. doi: 10.1007/s12603.012.0084-2
  • [16] Inouye SK, van Dyck CH, Alessi CA, Balkin S, Siegal AP, Horwitz RI. Clarifying confusion: the confusion assessment method. A new method for detection of delirium. Ann Intern Med 1990;113:941-8. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-113-12-941
  • [17] Joosten E, Demuynck M, Detroyer E, Milisen K. Prevalence of frailty and its ability to predict in hospital delirium, falls, and 6-month mortality in hospitalized older patients. BMC Geriatr 2014;14:1. doi: 10.1186/1471-2318-14-1
  • [18] Adamis D, Treloar A, Darwiche FZ, Gregson N, Macdonald AJ, Martin FC. Associations of delirium with in-hospital and in 6-months mortality in elderly medical inpatients. Age Ageing 2007;36:644-9. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afm094
  • [19] Verloo H, Goulet C, Morin D, von Gunten A. Association between frailty and delirium in older adult patients discharged from hospital. Clin Interv Aging 2016;11:55-63. doi: 10.2147/ CIA.S100576
  • [20] Eeles EM, White SV, O’Mahony SM, Bayer AJ, Hubbard RE. The impact of frailty and delirium on mortality in older inpatients. Age Ageing 2012;41:412-6. doi: 10.1093/ageing/ afs021
  • [21] Hubbard RE, Peel NM, Samanta M, Gray LC, Mitnitski A, Rockwood K. Frailty status at admission to hospital predicts multiple adverse outcomes. Age Ageing 2017;46:801-6. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afx081
  • [22] Cesari M, Calvani R, Marzetti E. Frailty in Older Persons. Clin Geriatr Med 2017;33:293-303. doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2017.02.002
  • [23] Leung JM, Tsai TL, Sands LP. Brief report: preoperative frailty in older surgical patients is associated with early postoperative delirium. Anesth Analg 2011;112:1199-201. doi: 10.1213/ ANE.0b013e31820c7c06
  • [24] Clegg A, Young J, Iliffe S, Rikkert MO, Rockwood K. Frailty in elderly people. Lancet 2013;381:752-62. doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(12)62167-9
  • [25] van Gool WA, van de Beek D, Eikelenboom P. Systemic infection and delirium: when cytokines and acetylcholine collide. Lancet 2010;375:773-5. doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(09)61158-2
  • [26] Bo M, Porrino P, Di Santo SG, Mazzone A, Cherubini A, et al. The association of indwelling urinary catheter with delirium in hospitalized patients and nursing home residents: an explorative analysis from the “Delirium Day 2015”. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019;31:411-20. doi: 10.3390/jpm11060445
  • [27] O’Regan NA, Fitzgerald J, Adamis D, Molloy DW, Meagher D, Timmons S. Predictors of Delirium Development in Older Medical Inpatients: Readily Identifiable Factors at Admission. J Alzheimers Dis 2018;64:775-85. doi: 10.3233/jad-180178
  • [28] Fick DM, Agostini JV, Inouye SK. Delirium superimposed on dementia: a systematic review. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002;50:1723- 32. doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50468.x
  • [29] Cunningham C. Systemic inflammation and delirium: important co-factors in the progression of dementia. Biochem Soc Trans 2011;39:945-53. doi:10.1042/BST0390945
  • [30] Lach HW, Leach KM, Butcher HK. Evidence-Based Practice Guideline: Changing the Practice of Physical Restraint Use in Acute Care. J Gerontol Nurs 2016;42:17-26. doi:10.3928/00989.134.20160113-04
  • [31] Inouye SK, Charpentier PA. Precipitating factors for delirium in hospitalized elderly persons. Predictive model and interrelationship with baseline vulnerability. JAMA 1996;275:852-7. PMID: 8596223
  • [32] Young J, Murthy L, Westby M, Akunne A, O’Mahony R. Diagnosis, prevention, and management of delirium: summary of NICE guidance. BMJ 2010;341:c3704. PMID: 8596223
  • [33] Yue J, Tabloski P, Dowal SL, Puelle MR, Nandan R, Inouye SK. NICE to HELP: operationalizing National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidelines to improve clinical practice. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014;62:754-61. doi:10.1111/jgs.12768
  • [34] Hein C, Forgues A, Piau A, Sommet A, Vellas B, Nourhashemi F. Impact of polypharmacy on occurrence of delirium in elderly emergency patients. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014;15:850 e11-5. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2014.08.012
  • [35] Trzepacz PT. Update on the neuropathogenesis of delirium. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 1999;10:330-4. doi: 10.1159/000017164
  • [36] van Eijsden WA, Raats JW, Mulder PG, van der Laan L. New aspects of delirium in elderly patients with critical limb ischemia. Clin Interv Aging 2015;10:1537-46. doi: 10.2147/ CIA.S87383
  • [37] Inouye SK, Baker DI, Fugal P, Bradley EH. Dissemination of the hospital elder life program: implementation, adaptation, and successes. J Am Geriatr Soc 2006;54:1492-9. doi:10.1111/ j.1532-5415.2006.00869.x
  • [38] Leslie DL, Zhang Y, Bogardus ST, Holford TR, Leo-Summers LS, Inouye SK. Consequences of preventing delirium in hospitalized older adults on nursing home costs. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005;53:405-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53156.x
  • [39] Mazzola P, Ward L, Zazzetta S, et al. Association Between Preoperative Malnutrition and Postoperative Delirium After Hip Fracture Surgery in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2017;65:1222-8. doi: 10.1111/jgs.14764
  • [40] Montejano Lozoya R, Martinez-Alzamora N, Clemente Marin G, Guirao-Goris SJA, Ferrer-Diego RM. Predictive ability of the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form [MNA-SF] in a free-living elderly population: a cross-sectional study. PeerJ 2017;5:e3345. doi: 10.7717/peerj.3345
  • [41] Carrasco MP, Villarroel L, Andrade M, Calderon J, Gonzalez M. Development and validation of a delirium predictive score in older people. Age Ageing 2014;43:346-51. doi: 10.1093/ ageing/aft141
  • [42] Watt J, Tricco AC, Talbot-Hamon C, et al. Identifying Older Adults at Risk of Delirium Following Elective Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Gen Intern Med 2018;33:500-9. doi: 10.1007/s11606.017.4204-x
  • [43] Kim SY, Kim SW, Kim JM, et al. Differential associations between delirium and mortality according to delirium subtype and age: A Prospective Cohort Study. Psychosom Med 2015; 77:903–910. doi: 10.1097/PSY.000.000.0000000239
  • [44] Hamilton GM, Wheeler K, Di Michele J, Lalu MM, McIsaac DI. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Examining the Impact of Incident Postoperative Delirium on Mortality. Anesthesiology 2017;127:78-88. doi: 10.1097/ ALN.000.000.0000001660
  • [45] Dharmarajan K, Swami S, Gou RY, Jones RN, Inouye SK. Pathway from Delirium to Death: Potential In-Hospital Mediators of Excess Mortality. J Am Geriatr Soc 2017;65:1026- 33. doi: 10.1111/jgs.14743
  • [46] Pendlebury ST, Lovett NG, Smith SC, et al. Observational, longitudinal study of delirium in consecutive unselected acute medical admissions: age-specific rates and associated factors, mortality and re-admission. BMJ Open 2015;5:e007808. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen- 2015-007808
  • [47] Morandi A, Di Santo SG, Zambon A, et al. Delirium, Dementia, and In-Hospital Mortality: The Results From the Italian Delirium Day 2016, A National Multicenter Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019;74:910-6. doi: 10.1093/ gerona/gly154
  • [48] McCusker J, Cole M, Abrahamowicz M, Primeau F, Belzile E. Delirium predicts 12 – month mortality. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:457-63. doi:10.1001/archinte.162.4.457
  • [49] Oh ES, Fong TG, Hshieh TT, Inouye SK. Delirium in Older Persons: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment. JAMA 2017;318:1161-74. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.12067

Delirium and geriatric syndromes in hospitalized older patients: Results from World Delirium Awareness Day

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 1, 53 - 60, 31.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.5472/marumj.1059577

Öz

Objective: To determine the point prevalence of delirium and the associated risk factors in geriatric inpatients.
Patients and Methods: Sixty-two hospitalized patients aged 60 years and over were recruited. The Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short
Form (MNA-SF), the FRAIL scale, Katz Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and Lawton-Brody Instrumental ADL (IADL) questionnaires
were administered. A delirium evaluation test (Confusion Assessment Method-CAM) was performed for diagnosing delirium.
Mortality was evaluated one month after the index date.
Results: The median age was 71.5 (range, 60-96) years. Delirium was detected in 29% of the patients. Frailty and dementia were
associated with delirium (p<0.001 and p=0.001; respectively). Polypharmacy, indwelling urinary catheter, and low albumin were also
related to delirium (p=0.025, p=0.007, and p=0.002; respectively). Age over 70 years, low Katz ADL and low MNA-SF scores were
found to be independently associated with delirium in multivariate regression analysis models. The median hospitalization time was
longer in the delirium group (p=0.029). Survival analysis at one month showed no significant difference between the delirium and
non-delirium groups.
Conclusion: Age over 70 years, impaired functionality in ADL and malnutrition were independently associated with delirium.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Savikko N, Pitkala KH, Strandberg TE, Tilvis RS, Laurila JV. Diagnostic agreement on delirium between the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition; International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision; confusion assessment method [CAM]; and the five-item CAM in older adults with dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 2013;61:662- 4. doi: 10.1111/jgs.12184
  • [2] Inouye SK, Westendorp RG, Saczynski JS. Delirium in elderly people. Lancet 2014;383[9920]:911-22. doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(13)60688-1
  • [3] Dani M, Owen LH, Jackson TA, Rockwood K, Sampson EL, Davis D. Delirium, frailty, and mortality: Interactions in a prospective study of hospitalized older people. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018;73:415-8. doi:10.1093/gerona/glx214
  • [4] Witlox J, Eurelings LS, de Jonghe JF, Kalisvaart KJ, Eikelenboom P, van Gool WA. Delirium in elderly patients and the risk of postdischarge mortality, institutionalization, and dementia: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2010;304:443-51. doi: 10.1001/jama.2010.1013
  • [5] Bellelli G, Mazzola P, Morandi A, et al. Duration of postoperative delirium is an independent predictor of 6-month mortality in older adults after hip fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014;62:1335-40. doi: 10.1111/jgs.12885
  • [6] Leslie DL, Marcantonio ER, Zhang Y, Leo-Summers L, Inouye SK. One-year health care costs associated with delirium in the elderly population. Arch Intern Med 2008;168:27-32. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2007.4
  • [7] Holt R, Young J, Heseltine D. Effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention to reduce delirium incidence in elderly care wards. Age Ageing 2013;42:721-7. doi: 10.1093/ ageing/aft120
  • [8] Siddiqi N, House AO, Holmes JD. Occurrence and outcome of delirium in medical in – patients: a systematic literature review. Age Ageing 2006;35:350-64. doi: 10.1093/ageing/ afl005
  • [9] de la Cruz M, Fan J, Yennu S, et al. The frequency of missed delirium in patients referred to palliative care in a comprehensive cancer center. Support Care Cancer 2015;23:2427-33. doi: 10.1007/s00520.015.2610-3
  • [10] Guigoz Y, Vellas BJ. Malnutrition in the elderly: the Mini Nutritional Assessment [MNA]. Ther Umsch Rev Ther 1997;54:345-50.
  • [11] Rubenstein LZ, Harker JO, Salva A, Guigoz Y, Vellas B. Screening for undernutrition in geriatric practice: developing the short-form mini-nutritional assessment [MNA-SF]. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001;56:M366-72. doi: 10.1093/ gerona/56.6.m366
  • [12] Katz S, Ford AB, Moskowitz RW, Jackson BA, Jaffe MW. Studies of illness in the aged. The index of Adl: A standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. JAMA 1963;185:914-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.1963.030.60120024016
  • [13] Lawton MP, Brody EM. Assessment of older people: selfmaintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist 1969;9:179-86.
  • [14] Masnoon N, Shakib S, Kalisch-Ellett L, Caughey GE. What is polypharmacy? A systematic review of definitions. BMC Geriatr 2017;17:230. doi: 10.1186/s12877-017- 0621-2
  • [15] Morley JE, Malmstrom TK, Miller DK. A simple frailty questionnaire [FRAIL] predicts outcomes in middle aged African Americans. J Nutr Health Aging 2012;16:601-8. doi: 10.1007/s12603.012.0084-2
  • [16] Inouye SK, van Dyck CH, Alessi CA, Balkin S, Siegal AP, Horwitz RI. Clarifying confusion: the confusion assessment method. A new method for detection of delirium. Ann Intern Med 1990;113:941-8. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-113-12-941
  • [17] Joosten E, Demuynck M, Detroyer E, Milisen K. Prevalence of frailty and its ability to predict in hospital delirium, falls, and 6-month mortality in hospitalized older patients. BMC Geriatr 2014;14:1. doi: 10.1186/1471-2318-14-1
  • [18] Adamis D, Treloar A, Darwiche FZ, Gregson N, Macdonald AJ, Martin FC. Associations of delirium with in-hospital and in 6-months mortality in elderly medical inpatients. Age Ageing 2007;36:644-9. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afm094
  • [19] Verloo H, Goulet C, Morin D, von Gunten A. Association between frailty and delirium in older adult patients discharged from hospital. Clin Interv Aging 2016;11:55-63. doi: 10.2147/ CIA.S100576
  • [20] Eeles EM, White SV, O’Mahony SM, Bayer AJ, Hubbard RE. The impact of frailty and delirium on mortality in older inpatients. Age Ageing 2012;41:412-6. doi: 10.1093/ageing/ afs021
  • [21] Hubbard RE, Peel NM, Samanta M, Gray LC, Mitnitski A, Rockwood K. Frailty status at admission to hospital predicts multiple adverse outcomes. Age Ageing 2017;46:801-6. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afx081
  • [22] Cesari M, Calvani R, Marzetti E. Frailty in Older Persons. Clin Geriatr Med 2017;33:293-303. doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2017.02.002
  • [23] Leung JM, Tsai TL, Sands LP. Brief report: preoperative frailty in older surgical patients is associated with early postoperative delirium. Anesth Analg 2011;112:1199-201. doi: 10.1213/ ANE.0b013e31820c7c06
  • [24] Clegg A, Young J, Iliffe S, Rikkert MO, Rockwood K. Frailty in elderly people. Lancet 2013;381:752-62. doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(12)62167-9
  • [25] van Gool WA, van de Beek D, Eikelenboom P. Systemic infection and delirium: when cytokines and acetylcholine collide. Lancet 2010;375:773-5. doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(09)61158-2
  • [26] Bo M, Porrino P, Di Santo SG, Mazzone A, Cherubini A, et al. The association of indwelling urinary catheter with delirium in hospitalized patients and nursing home residents: an explorative analysis from the “Delirium Day 2015”. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019;31:411-20. doi: 10.3390/jpm11060445
  • [27] O’Regan NA, Fitzgerald J, Adamis D, Molloy DW, Meagher D, Timmons S. Predictors of Delirium Development in Older Medical Inpatients: Readily Identifiable Factors at Admission. J Alzheimers Dis 2018;64:775-85. doi: 10.3233/jad-180178
  • [28] Fick DM, Agostini JV, Inouye SK. Delirium superimposed on dementia: a systematic review. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002;50:1723- 32. doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50468.x
  • [29] Cunningham C. Systemic inflammation and delirium: important co-factors in the progression of dementia. Biochem Soc Trans 2011;39:945-53. doi:10.1042/BST0390945
  • [30] Lach HW, Leach KM, Butcher HK. Evidence-Based Practice Guideline: Changing the Practice of Physical Restraint Use in Acute Care. J Gerontol Nurs 2016;42:17-26. doi:10.3928/00989.134.20160113-04
  • [31] Inouye SK, Charpentier PA. Precipitating factors for delirium in hospitalized elderly persons. Predictive model and interrelationship with baseline vulnerability. JAMA 1996;275:852-7. PMID: 8596223
  • [32] Young J, Murthy L, Westby M, Akunne A, O’Mahony R. Diagnosis, prevention, and management of delirium: summary of NICE guidance. BMJ 2010;341:c3704. PMID: 8596223
  • [33] Yue J, Tabloski P, Dowal SL, Puelle MR, Nandan R, Inouye SK. NICE to HELP: operationalizing National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidelines to improve clinical practice. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014;62:754-61. doi:10.1111/jgs.12768
  • [34] Hein C, Forgues A, Piau A, Sommet A, Vellas B, Nourhashemi F. Impact of polypharmacy on occurrence of delirium in elderly emergency patients. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014;15:850 e11-5. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2014.08.012
  • [35] Trzepacz PT. Update on the neuropathogenesis of delirium. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 1999;10:330-4. doi: 10.1159/000017164
  • [36] van Eijsden WA, Raats JW, Mulder PG, van der Laan L. New aspects of delirium in elderly patients with critical limb ischemia. Clin Interv Aging 2015;10:1537-46. doi: 10.2147/ CIA.S87383
  • [37] Inouye SK, Baker DI, Fugal P, Bradley EH. Dissemination of the hospital elder life program: implementation, adaptation, and successes. J Am Geriatr Soc 2006;54:1492-9. doi:10.1111/ j.1532-5415.2006.00869.x
  • [38] Leslie DL, Zhang Y, Bogardus ST, Holford TR, Leo-Summers LS, Inouye SK. Consequences of preventing delirium in hospitalized older adults on nursing home costs. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005;53:405-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53156.x
  • [39] Mazzola P, Ward L, Zazzetta S, et al. Association Between Preoperative Malnutrition and Postoperative Delirium After Hip Fracture Surgery in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2017;65:1222-8. doi: 10.1111/jgs.14764
  • [40] Montejano Lozoya R, Martinez-Alzamora N, Clemente Marin G, Guirao-Goris SJA, Ferrer-Diego RM. Predictive ability of the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form [MNA-SF] in a free-living elderly population: a cross-sectional study. PeerJ 2017;5:e3345. doi: 10.7717/peerj.3345
  • [41] Carrasco MP, Villarroel L, Andrade M, Calderon J, Gonzalez M. Development and validation of a delirium predictive score in older people. Age Ageing 2014;43:346-51. doi: 10.1093/ ageing/aft141
  • [42] Watt J, Tricco AC, Talbot-Hamon C, et al. Identifying Older Adults at Risk of Delirium Following Elective Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Gen Intern Med 2018;33:500-9. doi: 10.1007/s11606.017.4204-x
  • [43] Kim SY, Kim SW, Kim JM, et al. Differential associations between delirium and mortality according to delirium subtype and age: A Prospective Cohort Study. Psychosom Med 2015; 77:903–910. doi: 10.1097/PSY.000.000.0000000239
  • [44] Hamilton GM, Wheeler K, Di Michele J, Lalu MM, McIsaac DI. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Examining the Impact of Incident Postoperative Delirium on Mortality. Anesthesiology 2017;127:78-88. doi: 10.1097/ ALN.000.000.0000001660
  • [45] Dharmarajan K, Swami S, Gou RY, Jones RN, Inouye SK. Pathway from Delirium to Death: Potential In-Hospital Mediators of Excess Mortality. J Am Geriatr Soc 2017;65:1026- 33. doi: 10.1111/jgs.14743
  • [46] Pendlebury ST, Lovett NG, Smith SC, et al. Observational, longitudinal study of delirium in consecutive unselected acute medical admissions: age-specific rates and associated factors, mortality and re-admission. BMJ Open 2015;5:e007808. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen- 2015-007808
  • [47] Morandi A, Di Santo SG, Zambon A, et al. Delirium, Dementia, and In-Hospital Mortality: The Results From the Italian Delirium Day 2016, A National Multicenter Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019;74:910-6. doi: 10.1093/ gerona/gly154
  • [48] McCusker J, Cole M, Abrahamowicz M, Primeau F, Belzile E. Delirium predicts 12 – month mortality. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:457-63. doi:10.1001/archinte.162.4.457
  • [49] Oh ES, Fong TG, Hshieh TT, Inouye SK. Delirium in Older Persons: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment. JAMA 2017;318:1161-74. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.12067
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri
Bölüm Original Research
Yazarlar

Gökcen Umurca Bu kişi benim

Busra Can Bu kişi benim

Birkan Ilhan Bu kişi benim

Asli Tufan Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 35 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Umurca, G., Can, B., Ilhan, B., Tufan, A. (2022). Delirium and geriatric syndromes in hospitalized older patients: Results from World Delirium Awareness Day. Marmara Medical Journal, 35(1), 53-60. https://doi.org/10.5472/marumj.1059577
AMA Umurca G, Can B, Ilhan B, Tufan A. Delirium and geriatric syndromes in hospitalized older patients: Results from World Delirium Awareness Day. Marmara Med J. Ocak 2022;35(1):53-60. doi:10.5472/marumj.1059577
Chicago Umurca, Gökcen, Busra Can, Birkan Ilhan, ve Asli Tufan. “Delirium and Geriatric Syndromes in Hospitalized Older Patients: Results from World Delirium Awareness Day”. Marmara Medical Journal 35, sy. 1 (Ocak 2022): 53-60. https://doi.org/10.5472/marumj.1059577.
EndNote Umurca G, Can B, Ilhan B, Tufan A (01 Ocak 2022) Delirium and geriatric syndromes in hospitalized older patients: Results from World Delirium Awareness Day. Marmara Medical Journal 35 1 53–60.
IEEE G. Umurca, B. Can, B. Ilhan, ve A. Tufan, “Delirium and geriatric syndromes in hospitalized older patients: Results from World Delirium Awareness Day”, Marmara Med J, c. 35, sy. 1, ss. 53–60, 2022, doi: 10.5472/marumj.1059577.
ISNAD Umurca, Gökcen vd. “Delirium and Geriatric Syndromes in Hospitalized Older Patients: Results from World Delirium Awareness Day”. Marmara Medical Journal 35/1 (Ocak 2022), 53-60. https://doi.org/10.5472/marumj.1059577.
JAMA Umurca G, Can B, Ilhan B, Tufan A. Delirium and geriatric syndromes in hospitalized older patients: Results from World Delirium Awareness Day. Marmara Med J. 2022;35:53–60.
MLA Umurca, Gökcen vd. “Delirium and Geriatric Syndromes in Hospitalized Older Patients: Results from World Delirium Awareness Day”. Marmara Medical Journal, c. 35, sy. 1, 2022, ss. 53-60, doi:10.5472/marumj.1059577.
Vancouver Umurca G, Can B, Ilhan B, Tufan A. Delirium and geriatric syndromes in hospitalized older patients: Results from World Delirium Awareness Day. Marmara Med J. 2022;35(1):53-60.