Wakeling EL, Brioude F, Lokulo-Sodipe O, et al. Diagnosis and
management of Silver-Russell syndrome: first international
consensus statement. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2017;13:105-24.
doi:10.1038/nrendo.2016.138
Perkins RM, Hoang-Xuan MT. The Russell-Silver syndrome: a
case report and brief review of the literature. Pediatr Dermatol
2002;19:546-9. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1470.2002.00230.x
Saal HM, Harbison MD, Netchine I. Silver-Russell syndrome:
In: Adam MP, Feldman J, Mirzaa GM, Pagon RA, Wallace
SE, Bean LJH, Gripp KW, Amemiya A, eds. GeneReviews(R).
Seattle (WA): University of Washington, 1993.
Ballard LM, Fenwick A, Jenkinson E, Temple IK. Falling
short? The psychosocial impact of living with Russell-Silver
syndrome. JAN 2016;5:340-2. doi:10.12968/joan.2016.5.7.340
American Psychiatric Association. DSM-5 Task Force.
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5.
5th ed. Washington, D.C., American Psychiatric Association,
2013.
Özbek MM, Aksu H. Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu
nedir? Ne değildir?: In: Toros F, Aksu GG, eds. Dikkat
Eksikliği ve Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu ile İlgili Her Şey. Ankara:
Akademisyen Kitabevi, 2019:21-30.
Shapiro BK, Gallico RP. Learning disabilities. Pediatr
Clin North Am 1993;40:491-505. doi:10.1016/s0031-
3955(16)38546-7
Mukherjee S, Shah HR, Ramanathan S, Dewan M.
Knowledge and attitudes about attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder and specific learning disorder in an urban indian
population. J Nerv Ment Dis 2016;204:458-63. doi:10.1097/
NMD.000.000.0000000524
Shayle A. Assessing the cognitive, behavioural and
psychosocial profile of children with Russell Silver Syndrome.
School of Psychology. Birmingham, University of Birmingham
College of Life and Environmental Science, 2009:279.
Turgay A. Disruptive behavior disorders child and adolescent
screening and rating scale for children, adolescents, parents,
and teachers. West Blomfield (Michigan): Integrative Therapy
Institute Publication, 1994.
Savaşır I, Şahin N. Wechsler Çocuklar için Zeka Ölçeği
(WISC-R). Ankara: Millli Eğitim Basımevi, 1998.
Karakaş S, Erden G, Bakar EE, Doğutepe E: Özgül Öğrenme
Bozukluğu Genişletilmiş Nöropsikometri Bataryası. Konya:
Eğitim Yayınevi, 2017.
Eggermann T. Russell-Silver syndrome. Am J Med Genet Part
C 2010;154C:355-364. doi:10.1002/ajmg.c.30274
Rakover Y, Dietsch S, Ambler GR, Chock C, Thomsett
M, Cowell CT. Growth hormone therapy in Silver Russell
syndrome: 5 years experience of the Australian and New
Zealand Growth database (OZGROW). EJPE 1996;155: 851-
7. doi:10.1007/BF02282833
Maruff P, Falleti M. Cognitive function in growth hormone
deficiency and growth hormone replacement. Horm Res
2005;64 Suppl 3:100-8. doi:10.1159/000089325
Subcommittee on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder; Steering Committee on Quality Improvement and
Management; Wolraich M, Brown L, Brown RT, et al. ADHD:
clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation,
and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2011;128:1007-22.
doi:10.1542/peds.2011-2654
Storebo OJ, Pedersen N, Ramstad E, et al. Methylphenidate for
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children
and adolescents – assessment of adverse events in nonrandomised
studies. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018;5:
CD012069. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012069.pub2
Semrud-Clikeman M, Biederman J, Sprich-Buckminster S,
Lehman BK, Faraone SV, Norman D. Comorbidity between
ADDH and learning disability: a review and report in a
clinically referred sample. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr
1992;31:439-48. doi:10.1097/00004.583.199205000-00009
DuPaul GJ, Volpe RJ. ADHD and learning disabilities:
Research findings and clinical implications. Curr Atten Disord
Rep 2009;1:152-5. doi:10.1007/s12618.009.0021-4
Araz-Altay M, Görker I, Demirci-Şipka B, Bozatlı L, Ataş
T. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and psychiatric
comorbidities. EJFM 2020; 9:27-34. doi:10.33880/
ejfm.202.009.0104
Pasini A, Paloscia C, Alessandrelli R, Porfirio MC, Curatolo
P. Attention and executive functions profile in drug naive
ADHD subtypes. Brain Dev 2007;29:400-8. doi:10.1016/j.
braindev.2006.11.010
Burgevin M, Lacroix A, Ollivier F, et al. Executive functioning
in adolescents and adults with Silver-Russell syndrome. PloS
ONE 2023;18:e0279745. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0279745
Burgevin M, Lacroix A, Bourdet K, et al. Quality of life and
mental health of adolescents and adults with Silver-Russell
syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2022;65:104482. doi:10.1016/j.
ejmg.2022.104482
Puri M, Badillo M, Islam F, Hall E. Major depressive disorder:
A Case of an adolescent female with Russell-Silver syndrome.
JCALB 2014;2:135. doi:10.4172/2375-4494.100.0135
Margari L, Buttiglione M, Craig F, et al. Neuropsychopathological
comorbidities in learning disorders. BMC Neurol 2013;13:198.
doi:10.1186/1471-2377-13-198
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and specific learning disability co-occurring in a case with Silver-Russell syndrome
Year 2024,
Volume: 37 Issue: 3, 384 - 388, 30.10.2024
This case presentation discusses the management of comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and specific learning
disability (SLD) in a female adolescent diagnosed with Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS).
A 13-year-old female patient presented to the child psychiatry outpatient clinic eight months ago with complaints of reading and
writing difficulties and forgetfulness. When she was four years old, she was diagnosed with SRS. Somatotropin therapy was initiated for
the patient. Based on psychiatric examination, family interviews, psychometric assessments, and information obtained from school,
the patient was diagnosed with ADHD and SLD. The patient was started on methylphenidate treatment, gradually titrated to a dose of
27 mg/day. She was also referred for special education for the SLD diagnosis. In the literature, it has been reported that in most children
with SRS, intelligence is within the normal range, and they often receive diagnoses of ADHD and/or SLD. Studies have shown that
although, executive function disorders are not significantly associated with SRS in comparison to control groups, there is an increased
risk. Children and adolescents with this rare congenital disorder are at risk for psychiatric disorders, and periodic evaluation by a child
psychiatrist is recommended.
Wakeling EL, Brioude F, Lokulo-Sodipe O, et al. Diagnosis and
management of Silver-Russell syndrome: first international
consensus statement. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2017;13:105-24.
doi:10.1038/nrendo.2016.138
Perkins RM, Hoang-Xuan MT. The Russell-Silver syndrome: a
case report and brief review of the literature. Pediatr Dermatol
2002;19:546-9. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1470.2002.00230.x
Saal HM, Harbison MD, Netchine I. Silver-Russell syndrome:
In: Adam MP, Feldman J, Mirzaa GM, Pagon RA, Wallace
SE, Bean LJH, Gripp KW, Amemiya A, eds. GeneReviews(R).
Seattle (WA): University of Washington, 1993.
Ballard LM, Fenwick A, Jenkinson E, Temple IK. Falling
short? The psychosocial impact of living with Russell-Silver
syndrome. JAN 2016;5:340-2. doi:10.12968/joan.2016.5.7.340
American Psychiatric Association. DSM-5 Task Force.
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5.
5th ed. Washington, D.C., American Psychiatric Association,
2013.
Özbek MM, Aksu H. Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu
nedir? Ne değildir?: In: Toros F, Aksu GG, eds. Dikkat
Eksikliği ve Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu ile İlgili Her Şey. Ankara:
Akademisyen Kitabevi, 2019:21-30.
Shapiro BK, Gallico RP. Learning disabilities. Pediatr
Clin North Am 1993;40:491-505. doi:10.1016/s0031-
3955(16)38546-7
Mukherjee S, Shah HR, Ramanathan S, Dewan M.
Knowledge and attitudes about attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder and specific learning disorder in an urban indian
population. J Nerv Ment Dis 2016;204:458-63. doi:10.1097/
NMD.000.000.0000000524
Shayle A. Assessing the cognitive, behavioural and
psychosocial profile of children with Russell Silver Syndrome.
School of Psychology. Birmingham, University of Birmingham
College of Life and Environmental Science, 2009:279.
Turgay A. Disruptive behavior disorders child and adolescent
screening and rating scale for children, adolescents, parents,
and teachers. West Blomfield (Michigan): Integrative Therapy
Institute Publication, 1994.
Savaşır I, Şahin N. Wechsler Çocuklar için Zeka Ölçeği
(WISC-R). Ankara: Millli Eğitim Basımevi, 1998.
Karakaş S, Erden G, Bakar EE, Doğutepe E: Özgül Öğrenme
Bozukluğu Genişletilmiş Nöropsikometri Bataryası. Konya:
Eğitim Yayınevi, 2017.
Eggermann T. Russell-Silver syndrome. Am J Med Genet Part
C 2010;154C:355-364. doi:10.1002/ajmg.c.30274
Rakover Y, Dietsch S, Ambler GR, Chock C, Thomsett
M, Cowell CT. Growth hormone therapy in Silver Russell
syndrome: 5 years experience of the Australian and New
Zealand Growth database (OZGROW). EJPE 1996;155: 851-
7. doi:10.1007/BF02282833
Maruff P, Falleti M. Cognitive function in growth hormone
deficiency and growth hormone replacement. Horm Res
2005;64 Suppl 3:100-8. doi:10.1159/000089325
Subcommittee on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder; Steering Committee on Quality Improvement and
Management; Wolraich M, Brown L, Brown RT, et al. ADHD:
clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation,
and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2011;128:1007-22.
doi:10.1542/peds.2011-2654
Storebo OJ, Pedersen N, Ramstad E, et al. Methylphenidate for
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children
and adolescents – assessment of adverse events in nonrandomised
studies. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018;5:
CD012069. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012069.pub2
Semrud-Clikeman M, Biederman J, Sprich-Buckminster S,
Lehman BK, Faraone SV, Norman D. Comorbidity between
ADDH and learning disability: a review and report in a
clinically referred sample. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr
1992;31:439-48. doi:10.1097/00004.583.199205000-00009
DuPaul GJ, Volpe RJ. ADHD and learning disabilities:
Research findings and clinical implications. Curr Atten Disord
Rep 2009;1:152-5. doi:10.1007/s12618.009.0021-4
Araz-Altay M, Görker I, Demirci-Şipka B, Bozatlı L, Ataş
T. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and psychiatric
comorbidities. EJFM 2020; 9:27-34. doi:10.33880/
ejfm.202.009.0104
Pasini A, Paloscia C, Alessandrelli R, Porfirio MC, Curatolo
P. Attention and executive functions profile in drug naive
ADHD subtypes. Brain Dev 2007;29:400-8. doi:10.1016/j.
braindev.2006.11.010
Burgevin M, Lacroix A, Ollivier F, et al. Executive functioning
in adolescents and adults with Silver-Russell syndrome. PloS
ONE 2023;18:e0279745. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0279745
Burgevin M, Lacroix A, Bourdet K, et al. Quality of life and
mental health of adolescents and adults with Silver-Russell
syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2022;65:104482. doi:10.1016/j.
ejmg.2022.104482
Puri M, Badillo M, Islam F, Hall E. Major depressive disorder:
A Case of an adolescent female with Russell-Silver syndrome.
JCALB 2014;2:135. doi:10.4172/2375-4494.100.0135
Margari L, Buttiglione M, Craig F, et al. Neuropsychopathological
comorbidities in learning disorders. BMC Neurol 2013;13:198.
doi:10.1186/1471-2377-13-198
Deniz Varol, N., Gurbuz Ozgur, B., Anik, A., Bağdatlı Aksu, H. (2024). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and specific learning disability co-occurring in a case with Silver-Russell syndrome. Marmara Medical Journal, 37(3), 384-388. https://doi.org/10.5472/marumj.1572553
AMA
Deniz Varol N, Gurbuz Ozgur B, Anik A, Bağdatlı Aksu H. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and specific learning disability co-occurring in a case with Silver-Russell syndrome. Marmara Med J. October 2024;37(3):384-388. doi:10.5472/marumj.1572553
Chicago
Deniz Varol, Nagehan, Borte Gurbuz Ozgur, Ahmet Anik, and Hatice Bağdatlı Aksu. “Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Specific Learning Disability Co-Occurring in a Case With Silver-Russell Syndrome”. Marmara Medical Journal 37, no. 3 (October 2024): 384-88. https://doi.org/10.5472/marumj.1572553.
EndNote
Deniz Varol N, Gurbuz Ozgur B, Anik A, Bağdatlı Aksu H (October 1, 2024) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and specific learning disability co-occurring in a case with Silver-Russell syndrome. Marmara Medical Journal 37 3 384–388.
IEEE
N. Deniz Varol, B. Gurbuz Ozgur, A. Anik, and H. Bağdatlı Aksu, “Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and specific learning disability co-occurring in a case with Silver-Russell syndrome”, Marmara Med J, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 384–388, 2024, doi: 10.5472/marumj.1572553.
ISNAD
Deniz Varol, Nagehan et al. “Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Specific Learning Disability Co-Occurring in a Case With Silver-Russell Syndrome”. Marmara Medical Journal 37/3 (October 2024), 384-388. https://doi.org/10.5472/marumj.1572553.
JAMA
Deniz Varol N, Gurbuz Ozgur B, Anik A, Bağdatlı Aksu H. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and specific learning disability co-occurring in a case with Silver-Russell syndrome. Marmara Med J. 2024;37:384–388.
MLA
Deniz Varol, Nagehan et al. “Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Specific Learning Disability Co-Occurring in a Case With Silver-Russell Syndrome”. Marmara Medical Journal, vol. 37, no. 3, 2024, pp. 384-8, doi:10.5472/marumj.1572553.
Vancouver
Deniz Varol N, Gurbuz Ozgur B, Anik A, Bağdatlı Aksu H. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and specific learning disability co-occurring in a case with Silver-Russell syndrome. Marmara Med J. 2024;37(3):384-8.