Öneri Dergisi 1300-0845 2147-5377 Marmara Üniversitesi 10.14783/maruoneri.594943 İSTANBUL’DAKİ AFRİKALI GÖÇMENLERİN ULUSÖTESİ SOSYAL ALANLARININ ENTEGRASYON SÜREÇLERİNE ETKİSİ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8025-5390 Şimşek Doğuş 07 24 2019 14 52 216 235 06 05 2019 Copyright © 1994, Öneri Dergisi 1994 Öneri Dergisi

2000'li yılların başından itibaren literatürde entegrasyon ve ulusötesi göçarasındaki kesişmelere artan bir ilgi vardır (Erdal, 2013; Faist, 2013;Kivisto, 2003; Levitt, DeWind & Vertovec, 2003). Faist (2013)entegrasyon ve ulusötesi göçün birbiriyle ilişkili kavramlar olarak görülmesigerektiğini öne sürmekte ve ulusötesi aktiviteleri de entegrasyona alternatifbir model olarak tanımlamaktadır. Bu makalede, İstanbul’daki Afrikalıgöçmenlerin entegrasyon süreçlerine ve stratejilerine odaklanılarak, ulusötesisosyal alanların entegrasyon süreçlerine etkisi incelenmektedir. 1990’lıyılların sonlarından bu yana Türkiye, Sahra-altı Afrika’nın çeşitli ülkelerindengelen göçmenler için hem bir geçiş ülkesi hem de yerleşim yeri haline gelmiştir.Avrupa’ya göç etme amacıyla Türkiye’ye gelen Afrikalı göçmenlerin çoğu amaçlarınıgerçekleştiremeyip uzun yıllar boyunca Türkiye’de yaşamaktadır. Afrika’nınfarklı ülkelerinden gelen Afrikalı göçmenlerin göçmen statüleri de farklılık göstermektedir.Türkiye’de ikamet eden Afrikalı göçmenler sığınmacı, kısa süreli vizesiolanlar, çalışma veya öğrenci vizesine sahip olanlar ve yasal olarak ülkeyegiriş yapmış ancak vizelerini yenilememiş olan belgesiz göçmenler gibi farklı göçmenstatülerine sahiptirler. Bazı Afrikalı göçmenler altı aydır Türkiye’debulunurken diğerleri on yıl ya da daha uzun süre Türkiye’de yaşamaktadır. Türkiye’debulundukları süre içinde oluşturdukları sosyo-kültürel ve ekonomik alanlar ülkeleriile bağlarının devamını sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, İstanbul’da yaşayanAfrikalı göçmenlerin oluşturdukları ulusötesi sosyal alanların entegrasyon süreçlerineetkisi 40 Afrikalı göçmen ile derinlemesine yüz yüze görüşmeler yapılarak eldeedilen bulgular çerçevesinde açıklanmıştır ve ulusötesi sosyal alanlarınentegrasyon süreçlerini hızlandırdığı savunulmuştur.

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