Skin Whiteners An Overview

Abstract

It has known that the demand for skin whitening application has  increased in the world and use of systemic or locally effective  skin whitening products, whether for lightening natural skin  color or to remove dark spots caused by a variety of reasons.  Hyperpigmentation which is darkening of skin color known  that can be caused by exposure to sun/UV rays, various  chemicals (drug, cosmetics, etc.), certain diseases, mechanical  trauma, chemical peels, laser applications, and in response  to acne or some skin diseases. After examining the reasons  of hyperpigmentation, the following may be applied for the  removal; the use of products intended for depigmentation,  chemical peelings, cryoscopy, laser treatment or surgery. The  active compounds for depigmentation can be grouped according  to their mechanism of action as the ones effective during premelanin  synthesis, during melanin synthesis, after the melanin  synthesis and others. When the skin whitening active ingredients  and formulations examined structurally it is seen that they are  appiled as pharmaceutical forms of dermal preparations (creams,  emulsions, gels, solutions, etc.) or oral preparations (capsule,  tablet, etc.) of biotechnological, botanical or chemical originated  actives. In recent years it is seen that these actives are prepared  by utilising nanotechnology and pharmaceutical carriers  (nanoemulsions, nanospheres, nanocapsules, nanosomes, solid  lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, niosomes,  ethozomes, liposomes, etc.) and launched to the market in the  category of drug, cosmetic or food in accordance with the scope  of the international legal differences.  

Keywords

• Hyperpigmentation,skin whiteners,drug,cosmetics,pharmaceutical form,carrier systems

Cilt Beyazlatıcılara Genel Bakış

Abstract

Dünyada cilt beyazlatma uygulamalarına talebin arttığı ve gerek doğal cilt renginin açılması gerekse çeşitli nedenlerle oluşan lekelerin giderilmesi amacıyla sistemik veya lokal etkili cilt beyazlatıcı ürünlerin kullanıldığı bilinmektedir. Deri renginde koyulaşma olan hiperpigmentasyonun güneş/UV ışınlarına, çeşitli kimyasal maddelere (ilaç, kozmetik vd.) maruz kalma ya da bazı hastalıklar nedeniyle meydana gelebildiği ayrıca mekanik travma, kimyasal soyma, lazer uygulamaları, akne veya bazı deri hastalıklarına cevaben oluşabildiği bilinmektedir. Hiperpigmentasyona bağlı cilt lekelerinin giderilmesinde nedeninin incelenmesinden sonra depigmentasyona yönelik ürün kullanımı, kimyasal soyma, kriyoskopi, lazer uygulaması veya cerrahi işlem gerekebilmektedir. Depigmentasyona yönelik aktif bileşikler etki mekanizmalarına göre melanin sentezi öncesi melanin sentezi sırasında, melanin sentezi sonrasında etkili olanlar ve diğerleri olarak gruplandırılabilmektedir. Cilt beyazlatıcı aktif bileşenler ve formülasyonlar yapısal olarak incelendiğinde biyoteknolojik, botanik veya kimyasal kökenli bileşiklerin farmasötik şekil olarak dermal uygulanan preparatlar (krem, emülsiyon, jel, solüsyon vb.) veya oral olarak alınan preparatlar (kapsül, tablet vd.) halinde son yıllarda nanoteknoloji ve farmasötik taşıyıcılardan (nanoemülsiyon, nanoküre, nanokapsül, nanozom, katı lipit nanopartikül, nano yapılı lipit taşıyıcılar, niozom, etozom, lipozom, vd.) yararlanılarak hazırlandığı uluslararası yasal farklılıklar doğrultusunda ilaç, kozmetik veya gıda kategorisinde piyasaya sunulduğu görülmektedir.

Keywords

• Hiperpigmentasyon,cilt beyazlatıcılar,ilaç,kozmetik,farmasötik form/şekil,taşıyıcı sistemler

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