Skin Whiteners An Overview

Year 2017, Volume: 21 Issue: 1, 48 - 53, 08.09.2016

Evren Alğın Yapar

https://doi.org/10.12991/marupj.259880

Abstract

It has known that the demand for
skin whitening application has  increased
in the world and use of systemic or locally effective  skin whitening products, whether for
lightening natural skin  color or to
remove dark spots caused by a variety of reasons.  Hyperpigmentation which is darkening of skin
color known  that can be caused by
exposure to sun/UV rays, various  chemicals
(drug, cosmetics, etc.), certain diseases, mechanical  trauma, chemical peels, laser applications,
and in response  to acne or some skin
diseases. After examining the reasons  of
hyperpigmentation, the following may be applied for the  removal; the use of products intended for
depigmentation,  chemical peelings,
cryoscopy, laser treatment or surgery. The 
active compounds for depigmentation can be grouped according  to their mechanism of action as the ones
effective during premelanin  synthesis,
during melanin synthesis, after the melanin 
synthesis and others. When the skin whitening active ingredients  and formulations examined structurally it is
seen that they are  appiled as
pharmaceutical forms of dermal preparations (creams,  emulsions, gels, solutions, etc.) or oral
preparations (capsule,  tablet, etc.) of
biotechnological, botanical or chemical originated  actives. In recent years it is seen that
these actives are prepared  by utilising
nanotechnology and pharmaceutical carriers 
(nanoemulsions, nanospheres, nanocapsules, nanosomes, solid  lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid
carriers, niosomes,  ethozomes, liposomes,
etc.) and launched to the market in the  category
of drug, cosmetic or food in accordance with the scope  of the international legal differences.  

Keywords

Hyperpigmentation, skin whiteners, drug, cosmetics, pharmaceutical form, carrier systems

Cilt Beyazlatıcılara Genel Bakış

Abstract

Dünyada cilt beyazlatma uygulamalarına talebin arttığı ve gerek doğal cilt renginin açılması gerekse çeşitli nedenlerle oluşan lekelerin giderilmesi amacıyla sistemik veya lokal etkili cilt beyazlatıcı ürünlerin kullanıldığı bilinmektedir. Deri renginde koyulaşma olan hiperpigmentasyonun güneş/UV ışınlarına, çeşitli kimyasal maddelere (ilaç, kozmetik vd.) maruz kalma ya da bazı hastalıklar nedeniyle meydana gelebildiği ayrıca mekanik travma, kimyasal soyma, lazer uygulamaları, akne veya bazı deri hastalıklarına cevaben oluşabildiği bilinmektedir. Hiperpigmentasyona bağlı cilt lekelerinin giderilmesinde nedeninin incelenmesinden sonra depigmentasyona yönelik ürün kullanımı, kimyasal soyma, kriyoskopi, lazer uygulaması veya cerrahi işlem gerekebilmektedir. Depigmentasyona yönelik aktif bileşikler etki mekanizmalarına göre melanin sentezi öncesi melanin sentezi sırasında, melanin sentezi sonrasında etkili olanlar ve diğerleri olarak gruplandırılabilmektedir. Cilt beyazlatıcı aktif bileşenler ve formülasyonlar yapısal olarak incelendiğinde biyoteknolojik, botanik veya kimyasal kökenli bileşiklerin farmasötik şekil olarak dermal uygulanan preparatlar (krem, emülsiyon, jel, solüsyon vb.) veya oral olarak alınan preparatlar (kapsül, tablet vd.) halinde son yıllarda nanoteknoloji ve farmasötik taşıyıcılardan (nanoemülsiyon, nanoküre, nanokapsül, nanozom, katı lipit nanopartikül, nano yapılı lipit taşıyıcılar, niozom, etozom, lipozom, vd.) yararlanılarak hazırlandığı uluslararası yasal farklılıklar doğrultusunda ilaç, kozmetik veya gıda kategorisinde piyasaya sunulduğu görülmektedir.

Keywords

Hiperpigmentasyon, cilt beyazlatıcılar, ilaç, kozmetik, farmasötik form/şekil, taşıyıcı sistemler

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