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Yıl 2015, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 5 - 9, 11.07.2016

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Ashley, P.J. 2006. Fish welfare: Current issues in aquaculture, Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 104:199–235
  • Balm, P.H.M. and T.G. Pottinger. 1995. Corticotrope and melanotrope POMC-derived peptides in relation to interrenal function during stress in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). General and Comparative Endocrinology, 98:279–288.
  • Barton, B.A., Weiner, G.S. and C.B. Schreck. 1985. Effect of prior acid exposure on physiological responses of juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to acute handling stress. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42:710–717.
  • Barton, B.A. and G.K. Iwama. 1991. Physiological changes in fish from stress in aquaculture with emphasis on the response and effects of corticosteroids. Annual Review of Fish Diseases. 1:3–26.
  • Barton, B.A. 1997. Stress in finfish: Past, present, and future-a historical perspective. In: Fish Stress and Health in Aquaculture. G. K. Iwama, A. D. Pickering, J. P. Sumpter and C. B. Schreck (Eds.). Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, England. pp. 1–34.
  • Blanton, M.L. and J.L. Specker. 2007. The hypothalamic–pitutary– thyroid (HPT) axis in fish and its role in fish development and reproduction. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 37(1- 2):97–115.
  • Bongers, A.B.J., Sukkel, M., Gort, G., Komen, J. and C.J.J. Richter. 1998. Development and use of genetically uniform strains of common carp in experimental animal research. Laboratory Animals, 32:349–363.
  • Eales, J.G. 1979. Thyroid functions in cyclostomes and fishes. In: E.J.W. Barrington (Ed.). Hormones and Evolution, vol. 1, Academic Press, London, pp. 341–436.
  • Eales, J.G. 1985. The peripheral metabolism status in poikilotherms. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63:1217–1231. Eales, J.G. 1988. The influence of nutritional state of thyroid function in various vertebrates. American Zoologist, 28:351–362.
  • FAO, 2012. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture. pp. 209 Rome.
  • Gorbman, A. 1969. Thyroid function and its control in fishes, In: W.S. Hoar and D.J. Randall (Eds.). Fish Physiology, vol. 2, Academic Press, New York, pp. 241–274.
  • Grau, E.G. 1988. Environmental influences on thyroid function in teleost fish, American Zoologist, 28:329–335.
  • Ismail-Beigi, F., Haber, R.S. and J.N. Loeb. 1986. Stimulation of active Na+ and K+ transport by thyroid hormone in a rat liver cell line: role of enhanced Na+ entry, Endocrinology 119:2527–2536.
  • Iwama, G. K. 1998. Stress in fish. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 851(1):304-310.
  • Küçükgül, A. and A. Şahan. 2008. Acute stress response in common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) of some stressing factors. Journal of Fisheries Science, 2(4):623-631.
  • Leatherland, J.F. and K.J. Farbridge. 1992. Chronic fasting redAshley, P.J. 2006. Fish welfare: Current issues in aquaculture, Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 104:199–235
  • Balm, P.H.M. and T.G. Pottinger. 1995. Corticotrope and melanotrope POMC-derived peptides in relation to interrenal function during stress in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). General and Comparative Endocrinology, 98:279–288.
  • Barton, B.A., Weiner, G.S. and C.B. Schreck. 1985. Effect of prior acid exposure on physiological responses of juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to acute handling stress. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42:710–717.
  • Barton, B.A. and G.K. Iwama. 1991. Physiological changes in fish from stress in aquaculture with emphasis on the response and effects of corticosteroids. Annual Review of Fish Diseases. 1:3–26.
  • Barton, B.A. 1997. Stress in finfish: Past, present, and future-a historical perspective. In: Fish Stress and Health in Aquaculture. G. K. Iwama, A. D. Pickering, J. P. Sumpter and C. B. Schreck (Eds.). Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, England. pp. 1–34.
  • Blanton, M.L. and J.L. Specker. 2007. The hypothalamic–pitutary– thyroid (HPT) axis in fish and its role in fish development and reproduction. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 37(1- 2):97–115.
  • Bongers, A.B.J., Sukkel, M., Gort, G., Komen, J. and C.J.J. Richter. 1998. Development and use of genetically uniform strains of common carp in experimental animal research. Laboratory Animals, 32:349–363.
  • Eales, J.G. 1979. Thyroid functions in cyclostomes and fishes. In: E.J.W. Barrington (Ed.). Hormones and Evolution, vol. 1, Academic Press, London, pp. 341–436.
  • Eales, J.G. 1985. The peripheral metabolism status in poikilotherms. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63:1217–1231.
  • Eales, J.G. 1988. The influence of nutritional state of thyroid function in various vertebrates. American Zoologist, 28:351–362.
  • FAO, 2012. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture. pp. 209 Rome.
  • Gorbman, A. 1969. Thyroid function and its control in fishes, In: W.S. Hoar and D.J. Randall (Eds.). Fish Physiology, vol. 2, Academic Press, New York, pp. 241–274.
  • Grau, E.G. 1988. Environmental influences on thyroid function in teleost fish, American Zoologist, 28:329–335.
  • Ismail-Beigi, F., Haber, R.S. and J.N. Loeb. 1986. Stimulation of active Na+ and K+ transport by thyroid hormone in a rat liver cell line: role of enhanced Na+ entry, Endocrinology 119:2527–2536.
  • Iwama, G. K. 1998. Stress in fish. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 851(1):304-310.
  • Küçükgül, A. and A. Şahan. 2008. Acute stress response in common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) of some stressing factors. Journal of Fisheries Science, 2(4):623-631.
  • Leatherland, J.F. and K.J. Farbridge. 1992. Chronic fasting redduces the response of the thyroid to growth hormone and TSH, and alters the growth hormone-related changes in hepatic 5′-monodeiodinase activity in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 87:342– 353.
  • Leatherland, J.F. 1994. Reflections on the thyroidology of fishes: From molecules to humankind. Guelph ichthyology reviews, 2:1-6
  • MacKenzie, A., Roy, N., Besner, A., Mettler, G., Jacob, P., Korneluk, R. and L. Surh. 1993. Genetic linkage analysis of Canadian spinal muscular atrophy kindreds using flanking microsatellite 5q13 polymorphisms. Human Genetics, 90:501–604.
  • Mazeaud, M.M., Mazeaud, F. and E.M. Donaldson. 1977. Primary and secondary effects of stress in fish: some new data with a general review. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 106:201–212.
  • Navarro, I. and J. Gutiérrez. 1995. Fasting and starvation. In: P.W. Hochachka and T.P. Mommsen (Eds.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes, vol. 4, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 393–434.
  • Peter, M.C.S. 2007. Thyroid hormones and hydromineral regulation during stress in Fish, D.Sc thesis, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
  • Peter, M.C.S. 2011. The role of thyroid hormones in stress response of fish. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 172:198– 210.
  • Pottinger, T.G., Prunet, P. and A.D. Pickering. 1992. The effects of confinement stress on circulating prolactin levels in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in freshwater, General and Comparative Endocrinology, 88:454–460.
  • Power, D.M., Llwellyn, L., Faustino, M., Nowell, M.A., Bjornsson, B.Th., Einarsdottir, I.E., Canario, A.V.M. and G.E. Sweeney. 2001. Thyroid hormones in growth and development of fish, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 130:447–459.
  • Rotllant, J., Ruane, N.M., Caballero, M.J., Montero, D. and L. Tort. 2003. Response to confinement in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is characterized by an increased biosynthetic capacity of interrenal tissue with no effect on ACTH sensitivity. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 136:613–620.
  • Ruane, N.M., Huisman, E.A. and J. Komen. 2001. Plasma cortisol and metabolite level profiles in two isogenic strains of common carp during confinement. Journal of Fish Biology, 59:1–12.
  • Schreck, C.B., Contreras-Sanchez, W. and M.S. Fitzpatrick. 2001. Effects of stress on fish reproduction, gamete quality, and progeny. Aquaculture, 197:3–24.
  • Sumpter, J.P. 1997. The endocrinology of stress. In: Iwama, G.K., Pickering, A.D., Sumpter, J.P. and C.B. Schreck (Eds.). Fish Stress and Health in Aquaculture, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 95–118.
  • Van Weerd, J.H. and J. Komen. 1998. The effects of chronic stress on growth in fish: A critical appraisal. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A, 120:107–112.
  • Vijayan, M.M., Pereira, C., Grau, E.G. and G.K., Iwama. 1997. Metabolic responses associated with confinement stress in tilapia: The role of cortisol. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 116:89–95.
  • Waring, C.P., Stagg, R.M. and M.G. Poxton. 1996. Physiological responses to handling in the turbot. Journal of Fish Biology, 48:161–173.
  • Wendelaar Bonga, S.E. 1997. The stress response in fish, Physiological Reviews, 77:591–625.
  • Yıldız, N. and H. Bircan. 1994. Araştırma ve Deneme Metotları. Atatürk Üniv. Yayınları No:697, Ziraat Fakültesi. No: 305, Ders Kitapları No: 57, Erzurum, s20.

Effects of low temperature and starvation on plasma cortisol, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin levels of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio).

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 5 - 9, 11.07.2016

Öz

In this study, the hormonal responses such as Plasma Cortisol, Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4), Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) and Prolactin of juvenile carp induced by low temperature and starvation as stressors have been investigated. Four treatments were conducted under the following condition: the first group was fed and kept at a temperature of 18ºC (18F); the second group was fed and kept at 6ºC (6F); the third group was not fed and kept at 18ºC (18FD) and the fourth group was not fed and kept at 6ºC (6FD). Hormonal responses of fish were measured in every 15th day of 45 days trial. According to the results, it was determined that cortisol level of fish in the group 18FD significantly increased while T3, T4 and TSH levels of fish increased in the group 6FD (P < 0.05). No significant differences were obtained between the treatments in terms of Prolactin. To conclude up, the temperature and total food deprivation and their interactions had a significant effect on the plasma hormone levels of common carp juveniles.

Kaynakça

  • Ashley, P.J. 2006. Fish welfare: Current issues in aquaculture, Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 104:199–235
  • Balm, P.H.M. and T.G. Pottinger. 1995. Corticotrope and melanotrope POMC-derived peptides in relation to interrenal function during stress in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). General and Comparative Endocrinology, 98:279–288.
  • Barton, B.A., Weiner, G.S. and C.B. Schreck. 1985. Effect of prior acid exposure on physiological responses of juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to acute handling stress. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42:710–717.
  • Barton, B.A. and G.K. Iwama. 1991. Physiological changes in fish from stress in aquaculture with emphasis on the response and effects of corticosteroids. Annual Review of Fish Diseases. 1:3–26.
  • Barton, B.A. 1997. Stress in finfish: Past, present, and future-a historical perspective. In: Fish Stress and Health in Aquaculture. G. K. Iwama, A. D. Pickering, J. P. Sumpter and C. B. Schreck (Eds.). Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, England. pp. 1–34.
  • Blanton, M.L. and J.L. Specker. 2007. The hypothalamic–pitutary– thyroid (HPT) axis in fish and its role in fish development and reproduction. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 37(1- 2):97–115.
  • Bongers, A.B.J., Sukkel, M., Gort, G., Komen, J. and C.J.J. Richter. 1998. Development and use of genetically uniform strains of common carp in experimental animal research. Laboratory Animals, 32:349–363.
  • Eales, J.G. 1979. Thyroid functions in cyclostomes and fishes. In: E.J.W. Barrington (Ed.). Hormones and Evolution, vol. 1, Academic Press, London, pp. 341–436.
  • Eales, J.G. 1985. The peripheral metabolism status in poikilotherms. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63:1217–1231. Eales, J.G. 1988. The influence of nutritional state of thyroid function in various vertebrates. American Zoologist, 28:351–362.
  • FAO, 2012. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture. pp. 209 Rome.
  • Gorbman, A. 1969. Thyroid function and its control in fishes, In: W.S. Hoar and D.J. Randall (Eds.). Fish Physiology, vol. 2, Academic Press, New York, pp. 241–274.
  • Grau, E.G. 1988. Environmental influences on thyroid function in teleost fish, American Zoologist, 28:329–335.
  • Ismail-Beigi, F., Haber, R.S. and J.N. Loeb. 1986. Stimulation of active Na+ and K+ transport by thyroid hormone in a rat liver cell line: role of enhanced Na+ entry, Endocrinology 119:2527–2536.
  • Iwama, G. K. 1998. Stress in fish. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 851(1):304-310.
  • Küçükgül, A. and A. Şahan. 2008. Acute stress response in common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) of some stressing factors. Journal of Fisheries Science, 2(4):623-631.
  • Leatherland, J.F. and K.J. Farbridge. 1992. Chronic fasting redAshley, P.J. 2006. Fish welfare: Current issues in aquaculture, Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 104:199–235
  • Balm, P.H.M. and T.G. Pottinger. 1995. Corticotrope and melanotrope POMC-derived peptides in relation to interrenal function during stress in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). General and Comparative Endocrinology, 98:279–288.
  • Barton, B.A., Weiner, G.S. and C.B. Schreck. 1985. Effect of prior acid exposure on physiological responses of juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to acute handling stress. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42:710–717.
  • Barton, B.A. and G.K. Iwama. 1991. Physiological changes in fish from stress in aquaculture with emphasis on the response and effects of corticosteroids. Annual Review of Fish Diseases. 1:3–26.
  • Barton, B.A. 1997. Stress in finfish: Past, present, and future-a historical perspective. In: Fish Stress and Health in Aquaculture. G. K. Iwama, A. D. Pickering, J. P. Sumpter and C. B. Schreck (Eds.). Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, England. pp. 1–34.
  • Blanton, M.L. and J.L. Specker. 2007. The hypothalamic–pitutary– thyroid (HPT) axis in fish and its role in fish development and reproduction. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 37(1- 2):97–115.
  • Bongers, A.B.J., Sukkel, M., Gort, G., Komen, J. and C.J.J. Richter. 1998. Development and use of genetically uniform strains of common carp in experimental animal research. Laboratory Animals, 32:349–363.
  • Eales, J.G. 1979. Thyroid functions in cyclostomes and fishes. In: E.J.W. Barrington (Ed.). Hormones and Evolution, vol. 1, Academic Press, London, pp. 341–436.
  • Eales, J.G. 1985. The peripheral metabolism status in poikilotherms. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63:1217–1231.
  • Eales, J.G. 1988. The influence of nutritional state of thyroid function in various vertebrates. American Zoologist, 28:351–362.
  • FAO, 2012. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture. pp. 209 Rome.
  • Gorbman, A. 1969. Thyroid function and its control in fishes, In: W.S. Hoar and D.J. Randall (Eds.). Fish Physiology, vol. 2, Academic Press, New York, pp. 241–274.
  • Grau, E.G. 1988. Environmental influences on thyroid function in teleost fish, American Zoologist, 28:329–335.
  • Ismail-Beigi, F., Haber, R.S. and J.N. Loeb. 1986. Stimulation of active Na+ and K+ transport by thyroid hormone in a rat liver cell line: role of enhanced Na+ entry, Endocrinology 119:2527–2536.
  • Iwama, G. K. 1998. Stress in fish. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 851(1):304-310.
  • Küçükgül, A. and A. Şahan. 2008. Acute stress response in common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) of some stressing factors. Journal of Fisheries Science, 2(4):623-631.
  • Leatherland, J.F. and K.J. Farbridge. 1992. Chronic fasting redduces the response of the thyroid to growth hormone and TSH, and alters the growth hormone-related changes in hepatic 5′-monodeiodinase activity in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 87:342– 353.
  • Leatherland, J.F. 1994. Reflections on the thyroidology of fishes: From molecules to humankind. Guelph ichthyology reviews, 2:1-6
  • MacKenzie, A., Roy, N., Besner, A., Mettler, G., Jacob, P., Korneluk, R. and L. Surh. 1993. Genetic linkage analysis of Canadian spinal muscular atrophy kindreds using flanking microsatellite 5q13 polymorphisms. Human Genetics, 90:501–604.
  • Mazeaud, M.M., Mazeaud, F. and E.M. Donaldson. 1977. Primary and secondary effects of stress in fish: some new data with a general review. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 106:201–212.
  • Navarro, I. and J. Gutiérrez. 1995. Fasting and starvation. In: P.W. Hochachka and T.P. Mommsen (Eds.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes, vol. 4, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 393–434.
  • Peter, M.C.S. 2007. Thyroid hormones and hydromineral regulation during stress in Fish, D.Sc thesis, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
  • Peter, M.C.S. 2011. The role of thyroid hormones in stress response of fish. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 172:198– 210.
  • Pottinger, T.G., Prunet, P. and A.D. Pickering. 1992. The effects of confinement stress on circulating prolactin levels in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in freshwater, General and Comparative Endocrinology, 88:454–460.
  • Power, D.M., Llwellyn, L., Faustino, M., Nowell, M.A., Bjornsson, B.Th., Einarsdottir, I.E., Canario, A.V.M. and G.E. Sweeney. 2001. Thyroid hormones in growth and development of fish, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 130:447–459.
  • Rotllant, J., Ruane, N.M., Caballero, M.J., Montero, D. and L. Tort. 2003. Response to confinement in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is characterized by an increased biosynthetic capacity of interrenal tissue with no effect on ACTH sensitivity. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 136:613–620.
  • Ruane, N.M., Huisman, E.A. and J. Komen. 2001. Plasma cortisol and metabolite level profiles in two isogenic strains of common carp during confinement. Journal of Fish Biology, 59:1–12.
  • Schreck, C.B., Contreras-Sanchez, W. and M.S. Fitzpatrick. 2001. Effects of stress on fish reproduction, gamete quality, and progeny. Aquaculture, 197:3–24.
  • Sumpter, J.P. 1997. The endocrinology of stress. In: Iwama, G.K., Pickering, A.D., Sumpter, J.P. and C.B. Schreck (Eds.). Fish Stress and Health in Aquaculture, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 95–118.
  • Van Weerd, J.H. and J. Komen. 1998. The effects of chronic stress on growth in fish: A critical appraisal. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A, 120:107–112.
  • Vijayan, M.M., Pereira, C., Grau, E.G. and G.K., Iwama. 1997. Metabolic responses associated with confinement stress in tilapia: The role of cortisol. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 116:89–95.
  • Waring, C.P., Stagg, R.M. and M.G. Poxton. 1996. Physiological responses to handling in the turbot. Journal of Fish Biology, 48:161–173.
  • Wendelaar Bonga, S.E. 1997. The stress response in fish, Physiological Reviews, 77:591–625.
  • Yıldız, N. and H. Bircan. 1994. Araştırma ve Deneme Metotları. Atatürk Üniv. Yayınları No:697, Ziraat Fakültesi. No: 305, Ders Kitapları No: 57, Erzurum, s20.
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Deniz Mühendisliği (Diğer)
Diğer ID JA42JG29VR
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gökhan Arslan Bu kişi benim

Tolga Sahin Bu kişi benim

Olcay Hisar Bu kişi benim

Sukriye Aras Hisar Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 11 Temmuz 2016
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Temmuz 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Arslan, G., Sahin, T., Hisar, O., Hisar, S. A. (2016). Effects of low temperature and starvation on plasma cortisol, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin levels of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, 4(2), 5-9.
AMA Arslan G, Sahin T, Hisar O, Hisar SA. Effects of low temperature and starvation on plasma cortisol, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin levels of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Mar. Sci. Tech. Bull. Ocak 2016;4(2):5-9.
Chicago Arslan, Gökhan, Tolga Sahin, Olcay Hisar, ve Sukriye Aras Hisar. “ Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Prolactin Levels of Juvenile Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)”. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin 4, sy. 2 (Ocak 2016): 5-9.
EndNote Arslan G, Sahin T, Hisar O, Hisar SA (01 Ocak 2016) Effects of low temperature and starvation on plasma cortisol, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin levels of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Marine Science and Technology Bulletin 4 2 5–9.
IEEE G. Arslan, T. Sahin, O. Hisar, ve S. A. Hisar, “ thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin levels of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio)”., Mar. Sci. Tech. Bull., c. 4, sy. 2, ss. 5–9, 2016.
ISNAD Arslan, Gökhan vd. “ Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Prolactin Levels of Juvenile Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)”. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin 4/2 (Ocak 2016), 5-9.
JAMA Arslan G, Sahin T, Hisar O, Hisar SA. Effects of low temperature and starvation on plasma cortisol, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin levels of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Mar. Sci. Tech. Bull. 2016;4:5–9.
MLA Arslan, Gökhan vd. “ Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Prolactin Levels of Juvenile Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)”. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, c. 4, sy. 2, 2016, ss. 5-9.
Vancouver Arslan G, Sahin T, Hisar O, Hisar SA. Effects of low temperature and starvation on plasma cortisol, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin levels of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Mar. Sci. Tech. Bull. 2016;4(2):5-9.

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