Araştırma Makalesi
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Determination of Usage Potential of Some Mediterranean Rays in Fish Oil Production

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 13 - 22, 30.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.480957

Öz

In this study, it was determined the chemical
composition of the four ray species (Dasyatis
pastinaca, Raja radula, Raja clavata
 and Torpedo marmorata) caught from Mersin Bay in the Northeastern
Mediterranean Sea. For this purpose, lipid levels, fatty acid profiles, macro-trace
elements, and heavy metal levels in the liver and muscle tissues of the
Mediterranean rays were investigated. Lipid levels of liver tissue of D. pastinaca, R. radula, R. clavata, T.
marmorata
were determined to be 80.21%, 53.73%, 45.57% and 45.26%,
respectively; while lipid levels for muscle tissue were 1.62%, 1.31%, 1.20% and
1.43%, respectively. In the fatty acid composition of muscle tissues of the
rays; ∑SFAs (total saturated fatty acids) levels were reported to be between
30.46% and 35.00%, ∑MUFAs (total saturated fatty acids) levels were 21.49% to
27.77%, ∑PUFAs (total polyunsaturated fatty acids) levels were 28.76% to
35.69%; while for liver tissues; ∑SFAs levels were reported to be between
25.76% and 31.15%, ∑MUFAs levels were 23.43% to 30.66%, ∑PUFAs levels were
21.86% to 30.54%. According to data of this current study, no potential toxic
metals (Cr, As, Cd, Pb, Hg) were detected in the fish oils obtained from the
tissues. Finally, it was showed that these fish had potential for fish oil
production because of their having fat in the liver tissues and there were also
no potential heavy metal in the both muscle oil and liver oil, being rather
healthy.

Destekleyen Kurum

Research Fund of Mersin University in Turkey

Proje Numarası

2017-1-TP2-2173

Teşekkür

This study was supported by the Research Fund of Mersin University in Turkey with Project Number: 2017-1-TP2-2173.

Kaynakça

  • Ahlborg, U. G., Becking, G. C., Birnbaum, L. S., Brouwer, A., Derks, H. J. G. M., Feeley, M., Golor, G., Hanberg, A., Larsen, J. C., Liem, A. K. D., Safe, S. H., Schlatter, C., Waern, F. J. M. & Yrjanheikki, E. (1994). Toxic equivalency factors for dioxin-like PCBs. Report on WHO-ECEH and IPCS Consultation, December 1993. Chemosphere, 28(6): 1049-1067.
  • Akpinar, M. A., Görgün, S. & Akpinar, A. E. (2009). A comparative analysis of the fatty acid profiles in the liver and muscles of male and female Salmo trutta macrostigma. Food Chemistry, 112(1): 6-8.
  • Ansari, T. M., Marr, I. L. & Tariq, N. (2004). Heavy metals in marine pollution perspective: A mini review. Journal of Applied Sciences, 4(1): 1-20.
  • Authman, M. M. (2015). Use of fish as bio-indicator of the effects of heavy metals pollution. Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development, 6(4):1-13.
  • Ayas, D. Köşker, A. R., Durmuş, M. & Bakan, M. (2016). Determination of seasonal changes on some heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Cr) levels of shrimp and prawn species from north-eastern Mediterranean Sea, Gulf of Mersin, Turkey. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research, 2(2): 42-49.
  • Başusta, N. & Erdem, U. (2000). A study on the pelagic and demersal fishes of Iskenderun Bay. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 24(1): 1–20.
  • Bat, L. & Arici, E. (2016). Health risk assessment of heavy metals in Sarda sarda Bloch, 1793 for people through consumption from the Turkish Black Sea coasts. International Journal of Zoology Research, 1(1): 1–7.
  • Beckmann, C. L., Mitchell, J. G., Stone, D. A. J. & Huveneers, C. (2014). Inter-tissue differences in fatty acid incorporation as a result of dietary oil manipulation in Port Jackson sharks (Heterodontus portusjacksoni). Lipids, 49(6): 577–590.
  • Bligh, E. G. & Dyer, W. J. (1959). A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, 37(8): 911–917.
  • Bouchaâla, E., BouAli, M., Ali, Y., Ben Miled, N., Gargouri, Y. & Fendri, A. (2015). Biochemical characterization and molecular modeling of pancreatic lipase from a cartilaginous fish, the common stingray (Dasyatis pastinaca). Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 176(1): 151–169.
  • Canli, M. & Atli, G. (2003). The relationships between heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn) levels and the size of six Mediterranean fish species. Environmental Pollution, 121(1): 129–136.
  • Chan, J. M., Gann, P. H., Giovannucci, E. L. (2005). Role of diet in prostate cancer development and progression. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 23(32): 8152–8160.
  • Colakoglu, F. A., Ormanci, H. B. & Cakir, F. (2011). Effect of marination and smoking on lipid and fatty acid composition of thornback ray (Raja clavata) and spiny dogfish (Squalis acanthias). European Food Research and Technology, 232(6): 1069–1075.
  • Çoǧun, H., Yüzereroǧlu, T. A., Kargin, F. & Firat, Ö. (2005). Seasonal variation and tissue distribution of heavy metals in shrimp and fish species from the Yumurtalik Coast of Iskenderun Gulf, Mediterranean. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 75(4): 707–715.
  • Cresson, P., Bouchoucha, M., Miralles F., Elleboode, R., Mahe, K., Marusczak, N., Thebault, H. & Cossa, D. (2015). Are red mullet efficient as bio-indicators of mercury contamination? A case study from the French Mediterranean. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 91(1): 191–199.
  • Demirhan, S. A., Engin, S., Seyhan, K. & Akamca, E. (2005). Some biological aspects of thornback ray (Raja clavata L., 1758) in the southeastern Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 5(2): 75-83.
  • Duman, O. & Basusta, N. (2013). Age and growth characteristics of marbled electric ray Torpedo marmorata (Risso, 1810) inhabiting Iskenderun Bay, north-eastern Mediterranean Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 13(3): 541–549.
  • Fernandes, C., Fontaínhas-Fernandes, A., Peixoto, F. & Salgado, M. A. (2007). Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Liza saliens from the Esmoriz-Paramos Coastal Lagoon, Portugal. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 66(3): 426–431.
  • Fernandez-Reiriz, M. J., Pastoriza, L. & Sampedro, G. (1992). Lipid changes in muscle tissue of ray (Raja Clavata) during processing and frozen storage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 40(3): 484–488.
  • Filiz, H. & Bilge, G. (2004). Length-weight relationships of 24 fish species from the north Aegean Sea, Turkey. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 20(5): 431–432.
  • Foran, S. E., Flood, J. G. & Lewandrowski, K. B. (2003). Measurement of mercury levels in concentrated over-the-counter fish oil preparations. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 127(12): 1603–1605.
  • Gümgüm, B., Ünlü, E., Tez, Z. & Gülsün, Z. (1994). Heavy metal pollution in water, sediment and fish from the Tigris River in Turkey. Chemosphere, 29(1): 111–116.
  • Ichihara, K., Shibahara, A., Yamamoto, K. & Nakayama, T. (1996). An improved method for rapid analysis of the fatty acids of glycerolipids. Lipids, 31(5): 535–539.
  • Ismen, A. (2003). Age, growth, reproduction and food of common stingray (Dasyatis pastinaca L., 1758) in Iskenderun Bay, the eastern Mediterranean. Fisheries Research, 60(1): 169–176.
  • Jabeen, F. & Chaudhry, A. S. (2011). Chemical compositions and fatty acid profiles of three freshwater fish species. Food Chemistry, 125(3): 991–996.
  • Jankowska, B., Zakeś, Z., Zmijewski, T. & Szczepkowski, M. (2010). Fatty acid profile of muscles, liver and mesenteric fat in wild and reared perch (Perca fluviatilis L.). Food Chemistry, 118(3): 764–768.
  • Juresa, D. & Blanusa, M. (2003). Mercury, arsenic, lead and cadmium in fish and shellfish from the Adriatic Sea. Food Additives & Contaminants, 20(3): 241–246.
  • Kaur, N., Chugh, V. & Gupta, A. K. (2012). Essential fatty acids as functional components of foods: A review. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 51(10): 2289-2303.
  • Kadri, H., Saïdi, B., Marouani, S., Bradai, M. N. & Bouaïn, A. (2013). Food habits of the rough ray Raja radula (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae) from the Gulf of Gabès (central Mediterranean Sea). Italian Journal of Zoology, 80(1): 52–59.
  • Mendil, D., Ünal, Ö. F., Tüzen, M. & Soylak, M. (2010). Determination of trace metals in different fish species and sediments from the River Yeşilırmak in Tokat, Turkey. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(5): 1383–1392.
  • Masoud, M. S., El-Samra, M. I. & El-Sadawy, M. M. (2007). Heavy-metal distribution and risk assessment of sediment and fish from El-Mex Bay, Alexandria, Egypt. Chemistry and Ecology, 23(3): 201–216.
  • Navarro-Garcia, G., Gonzalez-Filix, M. L., Marquez-Faras, F., Bringas-Alvarado, L., Prez-Velazquez, M., Montoya-Laos, J. M. & Moreno-Silva, B. (2014). Lipid content and fatty acid composition of the liver from the Rajiforms Urotrygon chilensis, Urobatis halleri, Rhinobatos glaucostigma, Rhinoptera steindachneri and Dasyatis dipeteura captured in Sinaloa, Mexico. International Food Research Journal, 21(1): 229–235.
  • Navarro-Garcia, G., Pacheco-Aguilar, R., Bringas-Alvarado, L. & Ortega-García, J. (2004). Characterization of the lipid composition and natural antioxidants in the liver oil of Dasyatis brevis and Gymnura marmorata rays. Food Chemistry, 87(1): 89–96.
  • Navarro-Garcia, G., Ramírez-Suárez, J. C., Cota-Quiñones, E., Márquez-Farías, F. & Bringas-Alvarado. L. (2010). Storage stability of liver oil from two ray (Rhinoptera bonasus and Aetobatus narinari) species from the Gulf of Mexico. Food Chemistry, 119(4): 1578-1583.
  • Navarro-Garcia, G., Ramirez-Suarez, J. C., Ortega-García, J., García-Camarena, R., Márquez-Farías, F., Santos-Valencia, J. & Bringas-Alvarado, L. (2009). Lipid composition, natural antioxidants and physicochemical characteristics in liver oil from rajiforms from the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 86(4): 323–328.
  • Olusoji, B. O. A., Anifowose, O. J. & Sodamola, M. Y. (2010). Length-weight relationships, condition factor and fecundity of the West Africa freshwater crab, Sudanonautes africanus (Milne-Edwards 1883), in Western Nigeria. West African Journal of Applied Ecology, 16(1): 65–74.
  • Ould El Kebir, M. V., Barnathan, G., Siau, Y., Miralles, J. & Gaydou, E. M. (2003). Fatty acid distribution in muscle, liver, and gonads of rays (Dasyatis marmorata, Rhinobatos cemiculus, and Rhinoptera marginata) from the east tropical Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(7): 1982-1947.
  • Ozyilmaz, A. (2016). Tocopherol, heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn), and fatty acid contents of thornback ray (Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758) liver oil in relation to gender and origin in the Mediterranean and Black Seas). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 32(3): 564–568.
  • Pal, D., Banerjee, D., Patra, T. K., Patra, A. & Ghosh, A. (1998). Liver lipids and fatty acids of the sting ray Dasyatis bleekeri (Blyth). Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 75(10): 1373–1378.
  • Saglam, H. & Bascinar, N. S. (2008). Feeding ecology of thornback ray (Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758) on the Turkish coast of the southeastern Black Sea. Marine Biology Research, 4(6): 451–457.
  • Tufan, B., Koral, S. & Köse, S. (2013). The variations in proximate chemical composition and fatty acid profile in different parts of the thornback ray (Raja clavata) caught from Black Sea, Turkey. Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 22(1): 83–95.
  • Turan, H. (2007). Fatty acid profile and proximate composition of the thornback ray (Raja clavata, L. 1758) from the Sinop coast in the Black Sea. Journal of FisheriesSciences.com, 1(2): 97–103.
  • Türkmen, M., Türkmen, A. & Tepe, Y. (2014). Comparison of metal levels in different tissues of seven ray species from Antalya Bay, Mediterranean Sea. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 93(2): 159–164.
  • Ulbricht, T. L. V. & Southgate, D. A. T. (1991). Coronary heart disease: Seven dietary factors. Lancet, 338(8773): 985-992.
  • Wiktorowska-Owczarek, A., Berezińska, M. & Nowak, J. (2015). PUFAs: Structures, metabolism and functions. Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 24(6): 931–941.
  • Yeldan, H., Avsar, D. & Manaşirli, M. (2009). Age, growth and feeding of the common stingray (Dasyatis pastinaca, L., 1758) in the Cilician Coastal Basin, northeastern Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 25(1): 98–102.
  • Yılmaz, A. B., Yanar, A. & Alkan, E. N. (2017). Review of heavy metal accumulation on aquatic environment in northern east Mediterranean Sea part I: Some essential metals. Reviews on Environmental Health, 32(1-2): 119–163.
Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 13 - 22, 30.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.480957

Öz

Proje Numarası

2017-1-TP2-2173

Kaynakça

  • Ahlborg, U. G., Becking, G. C., Birnbaum, L. S., Brouwer, A., Derks, H. J. G. M., Feeley, M., Golor, G., Hanberg, A., Larsen, J. C., Liem, A. K. D., Safe, S. H., Schlatter, C., Waern, F. J. M. & Yrjanheikki, E. (1994). Toxic equivalency factors for dioxin-like PCBs. Report on WHO-ECEH and IPCS Consultation, December 1993. Chemosphere, 28(6): 1049-1067.
  • Akpinar, M. A., Görgün, S. & Akpinar, A. E. (2009). A comparative analysis of the fatty acid profiles in the liver and muscles of male and female Salmo trutta macrostigma. Food Chemistry, 112(1): 6-8.
  • Ansari, T. M., Marr, I. L. & Tariq, N. (2004). Heavy metals in marine pollution perspective: A mini review. Journal of Applied Sciences, 4(1): 1-20.
  • Authman, M. M. (2015). Use of fish as bio-indicator of the effects of heavy metals pollution. Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development, 6(4):1-13.
  • Ayas, D. Köşker, A. R., Durmuş, M. & Bakan, M. (2016). Determination of seasonal changes on some heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Cr) levels of shrimp and prawn species from north-eastern Mediterranean Sea, Gulf of Mersin, Turkey. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research, 2(2): 42-49.
  • Başusta, N. & Erdem, U. (2000). A study on the pelagic and demersal fishes of Iskenderun Bay. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 24(1): 1–20.
  • Bat, L. & Arici, E. (2016). Health risk assessment of heavy metals in Sarda sarda Bloch, 1793 for people through consumption from the Turkish Black Sea coasts. International Journal of Zoology Research, 1(1): 1–7.
  • Beckmann, C. L., Mitchell, J. G., Stone, D. A. J. & Huveneers, C. (2014). Inter-tissue differences in fatty acid incorporation as a result of dietary oil manipulation in Port Jackson sharks (Heterodontus portusjacksoni). Lipids, 49(6): 577–590.
  • Bligh, E. G. & Dyer, W. J. (1959). A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, 37(8): 911–917.
  • Bouchaâla, E., BouAli, M., Ali, Y., Ben Miled, N., Gargouri, Y. & Fendri, A. (2015). Biochemical characterization and molecular modeling of pancreatic lipase from a cartilaginous fish, the common stingray (Dasyatis pastinaca). Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 176(1): 151–169.
  • Canli, M. & Atli, G. (2003). The relationships between heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn) levels and the size of six Mediterranean fish species. Environmental Pollution, 121(1): 129–136.
  • Chan, J. M., Gann, P. H., Giovannucci, E. L. (2005). Role of diet in prostate cancer development and progression. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 23(32): 8152–8160.
  • Colakoglu, F. A., Ormanci, H. B. & Cakir, F. (2011). Effect of marination and smoking on lipid and fatty acid composition of thornback ray (Raja clavata) and spiny dogfish (Squalis acanthias). European Food Research and Technology, 232(6): 1069–1075.
  • Çoǧun, H., Yüzereroǧlu, T. A., Kargin, F. & Firat, Ö. (2005). Seasonal variation and tissue distribution of heavy metals in shrimp and fish species from the Yumurtalik Coast of Iskenderun Gulf, Mediterranean. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 75(4): 707–715.
  • Cresson, P., Bouchoucha, M., Miralles F., Elleboode, R., Mahe, K., Marusczak, N., Thebault, H. & Cossa, D. (2015). Are red mullet efficient as bio-indicators of mercury contamination? A case study from the French Mediterranean. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 91(1): 191–199.
  • Demirhan, S. A., Engin, S., Seyhan, K. & Akamca, E. (2005). Some biological aspects of thornback ray (Raja clavata L., 1758) in the southeastern Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 5(2): 75-83.
  • Duman, O. & Basusta, N. (2013). Age and growth characteristics of marbled electric ray Torpedo marmorata (Risso, 1810) inhabiting Iskenderun Bay, north-eastern Mediterranean Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 13(3): 541–549.
  • Fernandes, C., Fontaínhas-Fernandes, A., Peixoto, F. & Salgado, M. A. (2007). Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Liza saliens from the Esmoriz-Paramos Coastal Lagoon, Portugal. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 66(3): 426–431.
  • Fernandez-Reiriz, M. J., Pastoriza, L. & Sampedro, G. (1992). Lipid changes in muscle tissue of ray (Raja Clavata) during processing and frozen storage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 40(3): 484–488.
  • Filiz, H. & Bilge, G. (2004). Length-weight relationships of 24 fish species from the north Aegean Sea, Turkey. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 20(5): 431–432.
  • Foran, S. E., Flood, J. G. & Lewandrowski, K. B. (2003). Measurement of mercury levels in concentrated over-the-counter fish oil preparations. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 127(12): 1603–1605.
  • Gümgüm, B., Ünlü, E., Tez, Z. & Gülsün, Z. (1994). Heavy metal pollution in water, sediment and fish from the Tigris River in Turkey. Chemosphere, 29(1): 111–116.
  • Ichihara, K., Shibahara, A., Yamamoto, K. & Nakayama, T. (1996). An improved method for rapid analysis of the fatty acids of glycerolipids. Lipids, 31(5): 535–539.
  • Ismen, A. (2003). Age, growth, reproduction and food of common stingray (Dasyatis pastinaca L., 1758) in Iskenderun Bay, the eastern Mediterranean. Fisheries Research, 60(1): 169–176.
  • Jabeen, F. & Chaudhry, A. S. (2011). Chemical compositions and fatty acid profiles of three freshwater fish species. Food Chemistry, 125(3): 991–996.
  • Jankowska, B., Zakeś, Z., Zmijewski, T. & Szczepkowski, M. (2010). Fatty acid profile of muscles, liver and mesenteric fat in wild and reared perch (Perca fluviatilis L.). Food Chemistry, 118(3): 764–768.
  • Juresa, D. & Blanusa, M. (2003). Mercury, arsenic, lead and cadmium in fish and shellfish from the Adriatic Sea. Food Additives & Contaminants, 20(3): 241–246.
  • Kaur, N., Chugh, V. & Gupta, A. K. (2012). Essential fatty acids as functional components of foods: A review. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 51(10): 2289-2303.
  • Kadri, H., Saïdi, B., Marouani, S., Bradai, M. N. & Bouaïn, A. (2013). Food habits of the rough ray Raja radula (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae) from the Gulf of Gabès (central Mediterranean Sea). Italian Journal of Zoology, 80(1): 52–59.
  • Mendil, D., Ünal, Ö. F., Tüzen, M. & Soylak, M. (2010). Determination of trace metals in different fish species and sediments from the River Yeşilırmak in Tokat, Turkey. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(5): 1383–1392.
  • Masoud, M. S., El-Samra, M. I. & El-Sadawy, M. M. (2007). Heavy-metal distribution and risk assessment of sediment and fish from El-Mex Bay, Alexandria, Egypt. Chemistry and Ecology, 23(3): 201–216.
  • Navarro-Garcia, G., Gonzalez-Filix, M. L., Marquez-Faras, F., Bringas-Alvarado, L., Prez-Velazquez, M., Montoya-Laos, J. M. & Moreno-Silva, B. (2014). Lipid content and fatty acid composition of the liver from the Rajiforms Urotrygon chilensis, Urobatis halleri, Rhinobatos glaucostigma, Rhinoptera steindachneri and Dasyatis dipeteura captured in Sinaloa, Mexico. International Food Research Journal, 21(1): 229–235.
  • Navarro-Garcia, G., Pacheco-Aguilar, R., Bringas-Alvarado, L. & Ortega-García, J. (2004). Characterization of the lipid composition and natural antioxidants in the liver oil of Dasyatis brevis and Gymnura marmorata rays. Food Chemistry, 87(1): 89–96.
  • Navarro-Garcia, G., Ramírez-Suárez, J. C., Cota-Quiñones, E., Márquez-Farías, F. & Bringas-Alvarado. L. (2010). Storage stability of liver oil from two ray (Rhinoptera bonasus and Aetobatus narinari) species from the Gulf of Mexico. Food Chemistry, 119(4): 1578-1583.
  • Navarro-Garcia, G., Ramirez-Suarez, J. C., Ortega-García, J., García-Camarena, R., Márquez-Farías, F., Santos-Valencia, J. & Bringas-Alvarado, L. (2009). Lipid composition, natural antioxidants and physicochemical characteristics in liver oil from rajiforms from the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 86(4): 323–328.
  • Olusoji, B. O. A., Anifowose, O. J. & Sodamola, M. Y. (2010). Length-weight relationships, condition factor and fecundity of the West Africa freshwater crab, Sudanonautes africanus (Milne-Edwards 1883), in Western Nigeria. West African Journal of Applied Ecology, 16(1): 65–74.
  • Ould El Kebir, M. V., Barnathan, G., Siau, Y., Miralles, J. & Gaydou, E. M. (2003). Fatty acid distribution in muscle, liver, and gonads of rays (Dasyatis marmorata, Rhinobatos cemiculus, and Rhinoptera marginata) from the east tropical Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(7): 1982-1947.
  • Ozyilmaz, A. (2016). Tocopherol, heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn), and fatty acid contents of thornback ray (Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758) liver oil in relation to gender and origin in the Mediterranean and Black Seas). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 32(3): 564–568.
  • Pal, D., Banerjee, D., Patra, T. K., Patra, A. & Ghosh, A. (1998). Liver lipids and fatty acids of the sting ray Dasyatis bleekeri (Blyth). Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 75(10): 1373–1378.
  • Saglam, H. & Bascinar, N. S. (2008). Feeding ecology of thornback ray (Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758) on the Turkish coast of the southeastern Black Sea. Marine Biology Research, 4(6): 451–457.
  • Tufan, B., Koral, S. & Köse, S. (2013). The variations in proximate chemical composition and fatty acid profile in different parts of the thornback ray (Raja clavata) caught from Black Sea, Turkey. Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 22(1): 83–95.
  • Turan, H. (2007). Fatty acid profile and proximate composition of the thornback ray (Raja clavata, L. 1758) from the Sinop coast in the Black Sea. Journal of FisheriesSciences.com, 1(2): 97–103.
  • Türkmen, M., Türkmen, A. & Tepe, Y. (2014). Comparison of metal levels in different tissues of seven ray species from Antalya Bay, Mediterranean Sea. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 93(2): 159–164.
  • Ulbricht, T. L. V. & Southgate, D. A. T. (1991). Coronary heart disease: Seven dietary factors. Lancet, 338(8773): 985-992.
  • Wiktorowska-Owczarek, A., Berezińska, M. & Nowak, J. (2015). PUFAs: Structures, metabolism and functions. Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 24(6): 931–941.
  • Yeldan, H., Avsar, D. & Manaşirli, M. (2009). Age, growth and feeding of the common stingray (Dasyatis pastinaca, L., 1758) in the Cilician Coastal Basin, northeastern Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 25(1): 98–102.
  • Yılmaz, A. B., Yanar, A. & Alkan, E. N. (2017). Review of heavy metal accumulation on aquatic environment in northern east Mediterranean Sea part I: Some essential metals. Reviews on Environmental Health, 32(1-2): 119–163.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Hidrobiyoloji
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Deniz Ayas

Elif Ayşe Erdoğan Eliuz

Ferit Peri Bu kişi benim

Mısra Bakan

Proje Numarası 2017-1-TP2-2173
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 9 Kasım 2018
Kabul Tarihi 30 Mayıs 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Ayas, D., Erdoğan Eliuz, E. A., Peri, F., Bakan, M. (2019). Determination of Usage Potential of Some Mediterranean Rays in Fish Oil Production. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, 8(1), 13-22. https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.480957
AMA Ayas D, Erdoğan Eliuz EA, Peri F, Bakan M. Determination of Usage Potential of Some Mediterranean Rays in Fish Oil Production. Mar. Sci. Tech. Bull. Haziran 2019;8(1):13-22. doi:10.33714/masteb.480957
Chicago Ayas, Deniz, Elif Ayşe Erdoğan Eliuz, Ferit Peri, ve Mısra Bakan. “Determination of Usage Potential of Some Mediterranean Rays in Fish Oil Production”. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin 8, sy. 1 (Haziran 2019): 13-22. https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.480957.
EndNote Ayas D, Erdoğan Eliuz EA, Peri F, Bakan M (01 Haziran 2019) Determination of Usage Potential of Some Mediterranean Rays in Fish Oil Production. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin 8 1 13–22.
IEEE D. Ayas, E. A. Erdoğan Eliuz, F. Peri, ve M. Bakan, “Determination of Usage Potential of Some Mediterranean Rays in Fish Oil Production”, Mar. Sci. Tech. Bull., c. 8, sy. 1, ss. 13–22, 2019, doi: 10.33714/masteb.480957.
ISNAD Ayas, Deniz vd. “Determination of Usage Potential of Some Mediterranean Rays in Fish Oil Production”. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin 8/1 (Haziran 2019), 13-22. https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.480957.
JAMA Ayas D, Erdoğan Eliuz EA, Peri F, Bakan M. Determination of Usage Potential of Some Mediterranean Rays in Fish Oil Production. Mar. Sci. Tech. Bull. 2019;8:13–22.
MLA Ayas, Deniz vd. “Determination of Usage Potential of Some Mediterranean Rays in Fish Oil Production”. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, c. 8, sy. 1, 2019, ss. 13-22, doi:10.33714/masteb.480957.
Vancouver Ayas D, Erdoğan Eliuz EA, Peri F, Bakan M. Determination of Usage Potential of Some Mediterranean Rays in Fish Oil Production. Mar. Sci. Tech. Bull. 2019;8(1):13-22.

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