Investigation of Cryptosporidium spp. in Immunosuppressive and Immunocompetent Cases with Diarrhea by Microscopic, Serological and Molecular Methods

Year 2018, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 11 - 19, 27.12.2018

Ahmet Yılmaz , Önder Akkaş Esin Güven , Hakan Aydın , Hakan Uslu

https://doi.org/10.19127/mbsjohs.464833

Abstract

Objective: In this study, our aim
was to compare the diagnostic methods with each other and show the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts by using
molecular, serological and microscopic methods in stool samples which were collected
from immunosuppressive and immunocompetent patients with diarrhea

Methods: Total 172 stool samples were
collected from 80 immunosuppressive patients and 92 immunocompetent patients
(between 0-94 years) with diarrhea. These stool samples were obtained from the
different clinics of Ataturk University, Yakutiye Research Hospital between
January 2014 and July 2014. Patient group composed of 49 persons between 0-14
years and 123 persons between 15-94 years. On the other hand, 141 patients were
using tap water while 41 of them were using well water. Modified acid-fast
staining, ELISA and DFA techniques were applied to detect the Cryptosporidium
parasite positivity. Nested PCR method was performed to the samples which were
detected positive with one of the above methods.

Results: The positivity was detected in
5.8%, 4.1% and 3.5% by ELISA, DFA technique and Modified acid-fast staining
method, respectively.  Cryptosporidium
DNA was detected in only 1.2% by PCR method. The rates of positivity were 6.3%
and 5.4% in immunosuppressive and immunocompetent patients, respectively. The
positivity was detected in 10.2% and 4.1% in 0-14 age group and 15-94 age group
patients, respectively. On the other hand, 4.3% and 12.9% positivity rates were
detected in tap water and well water users respectively.

Conclusion: Our study pointed out that the investigation of
Cryptosporidium oocysts as diarrhea agents in especially immunosuppressive
patients, individuals in childhood and well water users may be useful. Because
cryptosporidiosis is a common disease in children and immunosuppressive
individuals. Additionally, we think that ELISA method can be preferred to other
methods in terms of high sensitivity and ease of application.

Keywords

Cryptosporidium, DFA, ELISA, immunosuppressive, immunocompetent, modified acid-fast staining, PCR

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