Relationship Between Kawasaki Syndrome and Viral Infection

Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 98 - 105, 25.02.2022

Ceren Yapar Gümüş , Nurdan Erol , Nihan Uygur Külcü

https://doi.org/10.19127/mbsjohs.1038969

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Kawasaki syndrome and viral infections.
Methods: The data of the Kawasaki syndrome cases diagnosed between January 2017 to December 2019 were reviewed from hospital records retrospectively.
Results: Among eighteen cases ten were boys, and eight were girls. Their average age at diagnosis was 38.28 ± 28.38 (3-113 months). Seven cases were in winter, eight in spring and autumn, and three in summer diagnosed. The mean length of stay in the hospital was 7.41±3.34 (3-17 days). All patients presented with fever, and the mean duration of fever was 6.94 ± 1.63 days. Six cases were classified as typical KS (33.3%), and twelve as atypical KS (66.7%). Laboratory examinations revealed a leukocyte count of 16507 ± 61817 /mm³, C-reactive protein 8.59 ±5.87 mg/dl, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) median value 58 mm/hour (18-102). Fourteen patients had cardiac involvement (pericardial effusion, mitral insufficiency), and six had small coronary artery involvement. Both cardiac and coronary artery involvement rates were higher in the atypical KS. In only six cases (33.3%) were the pathogens detected. The detected infectious agents were: Parainfluenza type 4, Parainfluenza type 3, Respiratory syncytial virus, Group A streptococcus, Epstein-Barr virus, Ochrobactrumanthropi, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus.
Conclusion: Detection of infectious agents in only one-third of the cases and the presence of different factors suggest that the Kawasaki syndrome is not related to a specific pathogenic agent. Coronary involvement was not found to be associated with pathogenic agents. However, atypical KS needs more attention for cardiac involvement.

Keywords

Kawasaki syndrome, vasculitis, viral infections

The Relationship Between Kawasaki Syndrome and Viral Infections

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Kawasaki syndrome and viral infections.
Methods: The data of the Kawasaki syndrome cases diagnosed between January 2017 to December 2019 were reviewed from hospital records retrospectively.
Results: Among eighteen cases ten were boys, and eight were girls. Their average age at diagnosis was 38.28 ± 28.38 (3-113 months). Seven cases were in winter, eight in spring and autumn, and three in summer diagnosed. The mean length of stay in the hospital was 7.41±3.34 (3-17 days). All patients presented with fever, and the mean duration of fever was 6.94 ± 1.63 days. Six cases were classified as typical KS (33.3%), and twelve as atypical KS (66.7%). Laboratory examinations revealed a leukocyte count of 16507 ± 61817 /mm³, C-reactive protein 8.59 ±5.87 mg/dl, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) median value 58 mm/hour (18-102). Fourteen patients had cardiac involvement (pericardial effusion, mitral insufficiency), and six had small coronary artery involvement. Both cardiac and coronary artery involvement rates were higher in the atypical KS. In only six cases (33.3%) were the pathogens detected. The detected infectious agents were: Parainfluenza type 4, Parainfluenza type 3, Respiratory syncytial virus, Group A streptococcus, Epstein-Barr virus, Ochrobactrumanthropi, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus.
Conclusion: Detection of infectious agents in only one-third of the cases and the presence of different factors suggest that the Kawasaki syndrome is not related to a specific pathogenic agent. Coronary involvement was not found to be associated with pathogenic agents. However, atypical KS needs more attention for cardiac involvement.

Keywords

Kawasaki syndrome, vasculitis, viral infections

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