In Twin Pregnancies, Zinc and Iron Decreased, while Copper Increased Minimally

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 450 - 457, 31.08.2022

Gürkan Çıkım , Mehmet Yalçın Günal , Abdullah Tok , Metin Kılınç , Kemal Hansu , Solmaz Susam

https://doi.org/10.19127/mbsjohs.1138244

Cited By: 2

Öz

Objective: Along with the increase in the frequency of multiple pregnancies, an increase is observed in the frequency of feto-maternal negativities. In our study, we aimed to determine the iron, ferritin, hemoglobin, zinc, and copper levels in second-trimester multiparous twin pregnancies and compare them with the values in singleton pregnancies and healthy women with the same demographic characteristics.
Methods: Three groups were created in the study; control group, single pregnancy group, and twin pregnancy group. Fasting venous blood samples were taken from individuals. Iron, zinc, copper, and ferritin levels were measured.
Results: Compared with the control group, the ferritin (Fe), and zinc (Zn) values of the individuals in the single and twin pregnancy groups were statistically low while copper (Cu) levels were significantly high (p<0.05). Also, when compared with individuals in a single pregnancy group, a statistically significant decrease was found in Fe, and Zn levels in the twin pregnancy group (p<0.05). Although there was a minimal increase in Cu levels, this increase was not statistically significant in the twin pregnancy group.
Conclusion: Since changes in trace element levels can lead to feto-maternal adverse effects, we think that dietary habits should be monitored, and zinc, copper, ferritin, and iron levels should be followed in pregnant women.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Twin pregnancy, iron, zinc, copper, ferritin.

Proje Numarası

yok

Kaynakça

• 1. D'Alton ME, Simpson LL, editors. Syndromes in twins. Seminars in perinatology; 1995: Elsevier.
• 2. Yayla M, Baytur Y. Çok Merkezli Çoğul Gebelik Çalışması. Perinatoloji. 2008;1:8.
• 3. Obstetricians ACo, Gynecologists. Multifetal gestations: twin, triplet, and higher-order multifetal pregnancies: ACOG practice bulletin, number 231. Obstetrics and gynecology. 2021;137(6):e145-e62.
• 4. Avnon T, Ovental A, Many A. Twin versus singleton pregnancy in women≥ 45 years of age: comparison of maternal and neonatal outcomes. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 2021;34(2):201-6.
• 5. Koller O. The clinical significance of hemodilution during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1982;37(11):649-52. doi: 10.1097/00006254-198211000-00001. PubMed PMID: 7145246.
• 6. World Health Organization. Worldwide prevalence of anemia 1993 – 2005. WHO Global Database on Anemia. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008.
• 7. World Health Organization. Iron deficiency anemia assessment prevention and control: a guide for programme managers. Geneva.: World Health Organization; 2001.
• 8. Bastian TW, Santarriaga S, Nguyen TA, Prohaska JR, Georgieff MK, Anderson GW. Fetal and neonatal iron deficiency but not copper deficiency increases vascular complexity in the developing rat brain. Nutr Neurosci. 2015;18(8):365-75. doi: 10.1179/1476830515Y.0000000037. PubMed PMID: 26177275; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4681608.
• 9. Fretham SJ, Carlson ES, Georgieff MK. The role of iron in learning and memory. Adv Nutr. 2011;2(2):112-21. doi: 10.3945/an.110.000190. PubMed PMID: 22332040; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3065765.
• 10. Wang L, Mei Z, Li H, Zhang Y, Liu J, Serdula MK. Modifying effects of maternal Hb concentration on infant birth weight in women receiving prenatal iron-containing supplements: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr. 2016;115(4):644-9. doi: 10.1017/S0007114515004870. PubMed PMID: 26824731.
• 11. Kozuki N, Lee AC, Katz J, Child Health Epidemiology Reference G. Moderate to severe, but not mild, maternal anemia is associated with increased risk of small-for-gestational-age outcomes. J Nutr. 2012;142(2):358-62. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.149237. PubMed PMID: 22190028.
• 12. Bothwell TH. Iron requirements in pregnancy and strategies to meet them. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72(1 Suppl):257S-64S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/72.1.257S. PubMed PMID: 10871591.
• 13. Shumpert MN, Salihu HM, Kirby RS. Impact of maternal anaemia on birth outcomes of teen twin pregnancies: a comparative analysis with mature young mothers. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2004;24(1):16-21. doi: 10.1080/01443610310001620224. PubMed PMID: 14675974.
• 14. Byg KE, Milman N, Hansen S, Agger AO. Serum Ferritin is a Reliable, Non-invasive Test for Iron Status in Pregnancy: Comparison of Ferritin with Other Iron Status Markers in a Longitudinal Study on Healthy Pregnant Women; Erythropoiesis. Hematology. 2000;5(4):319-25. doi: 10.1080/10245332.2000.11746526. PubMed PMID: 11399631.
• 15. Vallee BL, Falchuk KH. The biochemical basis of zinc physiology. Physiol Rev. 1993;73(1):79-118. doi: 10.1152/physrev.1993.73.1.79. PubMed PMID: 8419966.
• 16. Cikim G, Izgi K, Aksu E. The levels of trace elements and homocysteine in arterial hypertension
Trace Elements and Electrolytes. 2016;34:34-9. doi: 10.5414/tex01446.
• 17. Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Osterman MJK, Driscoll AK, Drake P. Births: Final Data for 2016. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2018;67(1):1-55. PubMed PMID: 29775434.
• 18. Chescheir NC. Outcomes of multifetal pregnancy reductions. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2004;47(1):134-45. doi: 10.1097/00003081-200403000-00017. PubMed PMID: 15024281.
• 19. Hamilton BE, Martin JA, Osterman MJ, Curtin SC, Matthews TJ. Births: Final Data for 2014. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2015;64(12):1-64. PubMed PMID: 26727629.
• 20. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 650: Physical Activity and Exercise During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period. Obstet Gynecol. 2015;126(6):e135-42. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000001214. PubMed PMID: 26595585.
• 21. Shinagawa S, Suzuki S, Chihara H, Otsubo Y, Takeshita T, Araki T. Maternal basal metabolic rate in twin pregnancy. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2005;60(3):145-8. doi: 10.1159/000086132. PubMed PMID: 15925892.
• 22. Goodnight W, Newman R, Society of Maternal-Fetal M. Optimal nutrition for improved twin pregnancy outcome. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;114(5):1121-34. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181bb14c8. PubMed PMID: 20168116.
• 23. Andrews NC. Disorders of iron metabolism. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(26):1986-95. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199912233412607. PubMed PMID: 10607817.
• 24. Galloway R, Dusch E, Elder L, Achadi E, Grajeda R, Hurtado E, et al. Women's perceptions of iron deficiency and anemia prevention and control in eight developing countries. Soc Sci Med. 2002;55(4):529-44. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(01)00185-x. PubMed PMID: 12188461.
• 25. Means RT. Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia: Implications and Impact in Pregnancy, Fetal Development, and Early Childhood Parameters. Nutrients. 2020;12(2). Epub 2020/02/15. doi: 10.3390/nu12020447. PubMed PMID: 32053933; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPmc7071168.
• 26. Khan KS, Wojdyla D, Say L, Gulmezoglu AM, Van Look PF. WHO analysis of causes of maternal death: a systematic review. Lancet. 2006;367(9516):1066-74. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68397-9. PubMed PMID: 16581405.
• 27. Paiva Ade A, Rondo PH, Pagliusi RA, Latorre Mdo R, Cardoso MA, Gondim SS. Relationship between the iron status of pregnant women and their newborns. Rev Saude Publica. 2007;41(3):321-7. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89102007000300001. PubMed PMID: 17515983.
• 28. Badfar G, Shohani M, Soleymani A, Azami M. Maternal anemia during pregnancy and small for gestational age: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019;32(10):1728-34. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1411477. PubMed PMID: 29183181.
• 29. Daru J, Allotey J, Peña-Rosas JP, Khan KS. Serum ferritin thresholds for the diagnosis of iron deficiency in pregnancy: a systematic review. Transfusion medicine (Oxford, England). 2017;27(3):167-74. Epub 2017/04/21. doi: 10.1111/tme.12408. PubMed PMID: 28425182; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPmc5763396.
• 30. Jyotsna S, Amit A, Kumar A. Study of serum zinc in low birth weight neonates and its relation with maternal zinc. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015;9(1):SC01-3. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/10449.5402. PubMed PMID: 25738050; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4347141.
• 31. Rahmanian M, Jahed FS, Yousefi B, Ghorbani R. Maternal serum copper and zinc levels and premature rupture of the foetal membranes. J Pak Med Assoc. 2014;64(7):770-4. PubMed PMID: 25255584.
• 32. Adamo AM, Oteiza PI. Zinc deficiency and neurodevelopment: the case of neurons. Biofactors. 2010;36(2):117-24. doi: 10.1002/biof.91. PubMed PMID: 20333753; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3506421.
• 33. Cikim G, Izgi K, Kilinc M, Celik A, Karaveli C, Karaveli A, et al. Trace elements and oxidant-antioxidant levels in the etiology of indirect inguinal hernia. Trace Elements and Electrolytes. 2016;33(01):8-12. doi: 10.5414/tex01411.
• 34. Jariwala M, Suvarna S, Kiran Kumar G, Amin A, Udas AC. Study of the concentration of trace elements fe, zn, cu, se and their correlation in maternal serum, cord serum and colostrums. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2014;29(2):181-8. doi: 10.1007/s12291-013-0338-8. PubMed PMID: 24757300; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3990806.
• 35. Ma AG, Chen XC, Xu RX, Zheng MC, Wang Y, Li JS. Comparison of serum levels of iron, zinc and copper in anaemic and non-anaemic pregnant women in China. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2004;13(4):348-52. PubMed PMID: 15563439.
• 36. Gaetke LM, Chow CK. Copper toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidant nutrients. Toxicology. 2003;189(1-2):147-63. doi: 10.1016/s0300-483x(03)00159-8. PubMed PMID: 12821289.
• 37. Zhang SS, Noordin MM, Rahman SO, Haron J. Effects of copper overload on hepatic lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense in rats. Vet Hum Toxicol. 2000;42(5):261-4. PubMed PMID: 11003114.