Evaluatıon of the Fagerström Nicotine Dependence Test and the Situation of Smoking Patients Wishing to Stop Smoking in the Family Medicine Polyclinic

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 4, 669 - 678, 29.10.2023

Bestegül Çoruh Akyol , Mervegül Kaya , Muhammet Özdemir , Ömer Ufkun Yildirim , Cihan Özdemir , Özgür Enginyurt , Soner Çankaya

https://doi.org/10.19127/mbsjohs.1346240

Öz

Objective: According to the results of the Türkiye Health Survey; While the rate of individuals aged 15 and over who use tobacco products every day was 28.0% in 2019, it increased to 28.3% in 2022. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), smoking is the cause of death for more than 8 million people each year. The use of tobacco and tobacco products is an important health problem that harms individuals and societies, has attracted attention all over the world in recent years, and needs to be treated. In our study, it was aimed to evaluate the addiction status of individuals applying to our outpatient clinics, to determine what measures should be taken for the treatment of smoking and to determine if there is a regional awareness in the addiction score.
Methods: Our study, which was planned as a cross-sectional, descriptive and prospective study, included 184 people over the age of 18, who were active smoking and who accepted to participate in the study, who applied to Ordu University Medical Faculty Family Medicine Polyclinic between 12.10.2021 and 15.01.2022 for any reason. The Fagerström Nicotine Dependence Test was used in the analysis of the addiction score. In the study, chi-square analysis was used to determine whether the Fagerström Nicotine Addiction Test Questions of Smoker Patients in the Family Medicine Outpatient Clinic changed according to the gender and age of the patients. The SPSS 21.0 V. statistical package program was used for all statistical calculations. It was considered that the research findings were significant at the P<0.05 level by expressing as n, percentage.
Results: 74.5% (n=137) were male, 25.5% (n=47) were female. 51.6% (n=95) were single, 46.7% (n=86) were university graduates. 21.7% (n=40) were not working, 49.5% (n=91) had income more than their expenses. 89.1% (n=164) did not have any disease, 25.0% (n=46) used alcohol. 40.8% (n=75) lived in metropolitan cities. 48.4% were smoking 1-9 pack/year, 54.9% had not tried to quit smoking53.3% of them started smoking in the friend environment, 32.1% of them started to smoke because of stress and 14.6% of them were curious and pretentious. The mean test score of FNBT was 6.30±2.77. There were 38 (20.6%) people with high addiction scores, 48 (26.1%) people with moderate and 98 (53.3%) people with low addiction scores. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of gender, marital status, employment and education status according to the level of addiction. Moderate-high level of dependence was significantly higher in alcohol users (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Individuals who want to quit smoking should be evaluated within the framework of a biopsychosocial approach and this demand should be supported by medical treatment if necessary. For this reason, it is important to support the units that provide smoking cessation outpatient clinics, especially in primary care.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Smoking, Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence Test, family medicine, dependence

Kaynakça

• https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Turkiye-Saglik-Arastirmasi-2022-49747 Accessed date: 01.08.2023
• https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IX-4&chapter=9&clang=_en Accessed date: 05.08.2023
• Oğuz, Sıdıka; Çamcı, Gülşah; Kazan, Mahsum. Üniversite öğrencilerinin sigara kullanım sıklığı ve sigaranın neden olduğu hastalıkları bilme durumu. Van Tıp Derg 2018, 25.3: 332-337.
• https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases Accessed date: 12.08.2023
• WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2008: The MPOWER Package. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008.
• Bahelah R, DiFranza J R., Fouad F M, Ward K D, Eissenberg T, Maziak W. Early symptoms of nicotine dependence among adolescent waterpipe smokers. Tobacco Control. 2016; 25(e2): e127-e134.
• Karlıkaya C. Smoking and profession Solunum. 2004; 6(6): 262-275.
• Argüder E Karalezli A, Hezer H, Kılıç H, Er M, Hasanoğlu H C, Demir P. Factors Affecting the Success of Smoking Cessation Turk Toraks Derg. 2013; 14: 81-7.
• Sağlam l. Clinical Evaluation of Nicotine Dependence. Current Chest Diseases Series. 2017; 4 (1): 78-89.
• Esen A D, Arıca S. The Evaluation of Nicotine Dependence Levels and Sociodemographic Characteristics Among Applicants Admitted for Smoking Cessation. Ankara Med J 2018;(3):328‐36.
• Tanrıöver Ö. Mental Health and Substance Abuse Usage Screening and Consulting. Klinik Tıp Aile Hekimliği Derg 2017; 9(2): Sayfa 51-54
• Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, Fagerström KO. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire. Br J Addict. 1991; 86:1119‐27.
• Bozkurt N, Bozkurt Aİ, Evaluation of the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FBNT) in determining nicotine addiction and Creation of a new test for nicotine addiction. Pamukkale Medical Journal. 2016;9(1):45‐51
• Uysal MA, Kadakal F, Karşidağ C, Bayram NG, Uysal O, Yilmaz V. Fagerström test for nicotine dependence: reliability in a Turkish sample and factor analysis. Tuberk Toraks 2004; 52:115‐21.
• Örsel O, Örsel S, Alpar S, Uçar N, Fırat Güven S, Şipit T, Kurt B . The Effect of Nicotine Dependence Levels on Treatment Outcomes in Smoking Cessation. Respiratory Diseases 2005; 16: 112-118
• Fagerstrom KO, Kunze M, Schoberberger R, et al. Nicotine dependence versus smoking prevalence: Comparisons among countries and categories of smokers 1996; 5:1-3.
• Bostan Pazarlı P, Elbek O, Kılınç O, Akçay Ş, Kıran S. Attitudes and Behaviors of Chest Disease Physicians, Members of Turkish Thoracic Society, in the Field of Tobacco Control. Smoking and Health National Committee 5th Annual Congress, 8-11 May 2011 Kocaeli.
• Tezcan S, Yardım N. In Various Health Institutions in TurkeyDoctor, Nurse and Faculty of Medicine Students' Smoking Dimension. Tüberküloz ve Toraks Derg 2003; 51(4): 390-397.
• Sezer RE, Öztürk ŞZ, Bilgin N, Açık Y. Behaviors and Attitudes of Physicians and Dentists Working in Elazig about Smoking. Doğa- Tr. J. Of Medical Sciences 1990; 14: 381-90.
• Gorın, Sherri Sheinfeld; Heck, Julia E. Meta-analysis of the efficacy of tobacco counseling by health care providers. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 2004, 13.12: 2012-2022.
• Ünalacak M, Altın R, Kart L, et al. Smoking prevalence, behaviour and nicotine addiction among coal workers in Zonguldak. Turkey. J Occup Health 2004; 46:289-295.
• Aksakal A, Khorshid L. Investigation of smoking and nicotine addictions of individuals working in Adana TEKEL factory. Bağımlılık Derg 2006; 7:57-64.
• Terzi, Ö., Kumcağız, H., Terzi, M., & Dündar, C. Cigarette Smoking and Determination of Nicotine Dependence Levels in University Students. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions 2019;6.4: 168-181.
• Akan, H., Hayran, O., Özcan, M., & Acar, U. Smoking prevalence among university students: a cross-sectional study. Turkish Journal of Family Practice 2010, 14.2: 71-76.
• Oğuz S, Çamcı G, Kazan M. Üniversite öğrencilerinin sigara kullanım sıklığı ve sigaranın neden olduğu hastalıkları bilme durumu. Van Tıp Derg 2018, 25.3: 332-337.
• Erol S, Erdoğan S. Application of a stage based motivational interviewing approach to adolescent smoking cessation: The Transtheoretical Model-based study. Patient education and counseling 2008, 72.1: 42-48.
• Benegal V, Sugunan AP, Jeemon P, et al. Tobacco use and nicotine dependency in a cross‐ sectional representative sample of 18,018 individuals in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. BMC Public Health. 2012; 12:515.