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Interpretation of Prostate-Specific Antigen Result: A Primary Care Case Report

Year 2025, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 243 - 249, 30.08.2025

Abstract

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a serine protease secreted from prostatic tissue and is responsible for semen liquefaction. It is the first choice, especially in prostate cancer screening. However, it can be seen to be elevated in many conditions other than prostate cancer, from a simple urinary tract infection to other prostate diseases. Therefore, the patient's condition and clinical features should be evaluated during PSA evaluation. In this case report, it is mentioned that an elevated PSA result in a patient with an asymptomatic urinary tract infection should be rechecked after treatment of the infection, and an additional urine examination should be performed to avoid unnecessary prostate biopsy. Clinically, a prostate biopsy in such a patient would be inappropriate and would cause the patient unnecessary anxiety. Furthermore, such an approach should be avoided because it will impose a pointless financial burden. This approach is fulfilled early in primary health care services. Primary health care services are of great importance in both easy accessibility and screening medical practice

Ethical Statement

The presented study is qualitative and consent wasobtained by giving information about the study by one-toone interviews with the subjects who agreed to participate. The study was carried out by paying attention to the Declaration of Helsinki.

References

  • Whitaker H, Tam JO, Connor MJ, Grey A. Prostate cancer biology & genomics. Transl Androl Urol. 2020;9(3):1481–91.
  • Baltacı S, Gökçe İ Prostate Cancer. In: Anafarta K, Arıkan N, Bedük Y, editors. Basic Urology. Ankara: Detail Press; 2011. s. 802-3
  • Özsöyler M, Güzelöz Z, Keser M Knowledge and Attitudes about Cancer Screening Tests of Patients aged 35 years and Over Applying to Family Medicine Outpatient Clinic. Forbes Medicine Journal (Online). 2023; 4(1): 76 - 83.
  • Çifçili SS. Screenings to be done in Periodic Health Examination in Individuals Over 65 Years of Age. Clinical Family Medicine. 2017;9(2):37-42.
  • Mottet N, van den Bergh RC, Briers E, Van den Broeck T, Cumberbatch MG, De Santis M, et al. EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer—2020 Update. Part 1: Screening, Diagnosis, and Local Treatment with Curative Intent. European Urology. 2021;79(2):243-62.
  • Chen Y, Yan H, Xu Y, Chen K, Yang R, Yang J, et al. Analysis of the predictive value of the prostate-specific antigen-to-neutrophil ratio for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Discov Onc. 2025;16(1).
  • Nepal A, Sharma P, Bhattarai S, Mahajan Z, Sharma A, Sapkota A, et al. Extremely Elevated Prostate-Specific Antigen in Acute Prostatitis: A Case Report. Cureus. 2023; 15(8), e43730.
  • Kutlu O, Koksal IT. Efforts for Improving the Efficiency of PSA: PSA Density, PSA Velocity, Age-specific PSA, and Free and Complexed PSA. Turkish Urology Seminars. 2013;3(3):55-60.
  • Kan HC, Hou CP, Lin YH, Tsui KH, Chang PL, Chen CL. Prognosis of prostate cancer with initial prostate-specific antigen >1,000 ng/mL at diagnosis. Onco Targets Ther. 2017;10:2943-9.
  • Pylväläinen J, Talala K, Raitanen J, Rannikko A, Auvinen A. Association of prostate-specific antigen density with prostate cancer mortality after a benign systematic prostate biopsy result. BJU Int. 2025;135(5):841–50.
  • Azab S, Osama A, Rafaat M. Does normalizing PSA after successful treatment of chronic prostatitis with high PSA value exclude prostatic biopsy? Transl Androl Urol. 2012;1(3):148–52.
  • Yebes A, Toribio-Vazquez C, Martinez-Perez S, Quesada-Olarte JM, Rodriguez-Serrano A, Álvarez-Maestro M, et al. Prostatitis: A Review. Curr Urol Rep. 2023;24(5):241-51.
  • Flocks RH, Urich VC, Patel CA, Opitz JM. Studies on the antigenic properties of prostatic tissue. I. J Urol. 1960;84(2):134–143.

Prostat Spesifik Antijen Sonucunun Yorumlanması: Birinci Basamak Bir Vaka Raporu

Year 2025, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 243 - 249, 30.08.2025

Abstract

References

  • Whitaker H, Tam JO, Connor MJ, Grey A. Prostate cancer biology & genomics. Transl Androl Urol. 2020;9(3):1481–91.
  • Baltacı S, Gökçe İ Prostate Cancer. In: Anafarta K, Arıkan N, Bedük Y, editors. Basic Urology. Ankara: Detail Press; 2011. s. 802-3
  • Özsöyler M, Güzelöz Z, Keser M Knowledge and Attitudes about Cancer Screening Tests of Patients aged 35 years and Over Applying to Family Medicine Outpatient Clinic. Forbes Medicine Journal (Online). 2023; 4(1): 76 - 83.
  • Çifçili SS. Screenings to be done in Periodic Health Examination in Individuals Over 65 Years of Age. Clinical Family Medicine. 2017;9(2):37-42.
  • Mottet N, van den Bergh RC, Briers E, Van den Broeck T, Cumberbatch MG, De Santis M, et al. EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer—2020 Update. Part 1: Screening, Diagnosis, and Local Treatment with Curative Intent. European Urology. 2021;79(2):243-62.
  • Chen Y, Yan H, Xu Y, Chen K, Yang R, Yang J, et al. Analysis of the predictive value of the prostate-specific antigen-to-neutrophil ratio for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Discov Onc. 2025;16(1).
  • Nepal A, Sharma P, Bhattarai S, Mahajan Z, Sharma A, Sapkota A, et al. Extremely Elevated Prostate-Specific Antigen in Acute Prostatitis: A Case Report. Cureus. 2023; 15(8), e43730.
  • Kutlu O, Koksal IT. Efforts for Improving the Efficiency of PSA: PSA Density, PSA Velocity, Age-specific PSA, and Free and Complexed PSA. Turkish Urology Seminars. 2013;3(3):55-60.
  • Kan HC, Hou CP, Lin YH, Tsui KH, Chang PL, Chen CL. Prognosis of prostate cancer with initial prostate-specific antigen >1,000 ng/mL at diagnosis. Onco Targets Ther. 2017;10:2943-9.
  • Pylväläinen J, Talala K, Raitanen J, Rannikko A, Auvinen A. Association of prostate-specific antigen density with prostate cancer mortality after a benign systematic prostate biopsy result. BJU Int. 2025;135(5):841–50.
  • Azab S, Osama A, Rafaat M. Does normalizing PSA after successful treatment of chronic prostatitis with high PSA value exclude prostatic biopsy? Transl Androl Urol. 2012;1(3):148–52.
  • Yebes A, Toribio-Vazquez C, Martinez-Perez S, Quesada-Olarte JM, Rodriguez-Serrano A, Álvarez-Maestro M, et al. Prostatitis: A Review. Curr Urol Rep. 2023;24(5):241-51.
  • Flocks RH, Urich VC, Patel CA, Opitz JM. Studies on the antigenic properties of prostatic tissue. I. J Urol. 1960;84(2):134–143.
There are 13 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences (Other)
Journal Section Case reports
Authors

Merve Köybaşı Acet 0009-0004-3864-1302

Melike Karabulut Özer 0009-0002-6437-5971

Bestegül Çoruh Akyol 0000-0002-3555-683X

Özgür Enginyurt 0000-0002-5966-9126

Ahmet Anıl Acet 0000-0002-7157-156X

Publication Date August 30, 2025
Submission Date January 29, 2025
Acceptance Date June 29, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 11 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Köybaşı Acet M, Karabulut Özer M, Çoruh Akyol B, Enginyurt Ö, Acet AA. Interpretation of Prostate-Specific Antigen Result: A Primary Care Case Report. Mid Blac Sea J Health Sci. 2025;11(3):243-9.

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