UBER, HUKUKİ SORUNLAR VE ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİLERİ

Yıl 2015, Sayı: 6, 621 - 666, 15.01.2016

Dr. Servet Yetim

Öz

“Ofis ihtiyacı olmadan kendi işinin patronu ol, istediğin zaman güvenli
sürüş yap, sen müşteriyi değil müşteri seni bulsun, iyi para kazan” sloganı
ile özetlenebilecek olan, bilim ve teknoloji çağının en son gözde keşfi
ve dahi yatırımı “Uber”, bütün dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de hizmet
vermeye başlamış olup, ilk olarak “UberBLACK” ve “UberBOAT” uygulama
çeşidi ile İstanbul, Bodrum ve Çeşme’de faaliyetine başlamıştır. Bu
uygulama, klasik taksiciliğin çok kısa zamanda hibrit taksiciliğe evirilmesini
zorunlu hale getireceği gibi, hukuki altyapı açısından ülkemizi de hazırlıksız
bir şekilde yakalamıştır. Uygulamanın yaygınlaştırıldığı ülkeler,
başta dünyanın gelişmiş ülkeleri olmak üzere, bu duruma ani tepkiler vererek
orantısız yasaklar ve yaklaşımlar ortaya koymuşlardır. Bu gelişmelerin,
öncelikle ticari hayatı etkileyeceği, kişisel verilerin korunmasında bir
kısım sorunların yaşanacağı, taksicilik ve yolcu taşımacılığı konusunda
yetki verilmesi, izinlerin düzenlenmesi, standartların belirlenmesi, harç
ve vergi tahsili hususunda yetki sahibi olan otoritelerin faaliyet alanlarına
müdahale edeceği, mevcut yasalar kapsamında sınırları belirlenen araç
işleteni ile taksi sürücülerinin hukuki ve cezai sorumlulukları konusunda
karmaşanın meydana geleceği, bu sorunların çözümü için uluslararası
yargılama yetkisinin devreye girmesi gerektiği tartışmasız bir gerçektir.
Bu ani gelişmeler karşısında makul, mantıklı ve katma değerli çözüm ise;
ilgili teknolojik gelişmeler iyi bir şekilde izlenip analiz edilerek, ilgili şirketlerle
işbirliği içinde zaman kaybetmeksizin, mevzuat altyapısı da hazırlanarak,
uygulamalar ihtiyaçlara göre uyumlaştırılıp dönüştürülmeli,
kullanılmalı ve hayatı kolaylaştıracak bir yaklaşım tarzı sergilenmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Akıllı Cihaz, İnternet, Kişisel Veri, Uber, Hibrit

Kaynakça

• ALBA Davey, “The Phılıppınes Just Made Uber Legal Everywhere”,
• http://www.wired.com/2015/05/uber-philippines/, (20.09.2015)
• BELMONTE Nıcolas Garcıa, “The Pulse Of A Cıty: How People Move
• Usıng Uber” https://eng.uber.com/pulse-of-a-city/, (20.09.2015)
• BERSHİDSKY Leonid, “France Is Right to Mistrust Uber”, http://www.
• bloombergview.com/articles/2015-06-30/france-is-right-to-mistrust-uber,
• (20.09.2015)
• BİLGİCİ Yenal, “İstanbul’un yeni kurdu: Uber”, http://www.hurriyet.
• com.tr/kelebek/hayat/29761”079.asp, (22.09.2015)
• BROOKS Jon, “California Bill Would Enable Uber, Lyft Drivers to Finally
• Get Insurance”, http://ww2.kqed.org/news/09/02/2014/Uber_Lyft_
• California_insurance/, (20.09.2015)
• CARSON Biz, “The driver who beat Uber is just the beginning — get
• ready for a flood of copycat cases”, http://www.businessinsider.com/
• uber-lyft-more-trouble-coming-from-former-drivers-2015-7,(20.09.2015)
• CHEN Liyan, “Uber Wants To Conquer The World, But These Companies
• Are Fighting Back (Map)”, http://www.forbes.com/sites/liyanchen/
• /09/09/uber-wants-to-conquer-the-world-but-these-companiesare-
• fighting-back-map/, (09.09.2015)
• DEAMICIS Armel, “Uber’s Drive Toward World Domination, One Regulatory
• Green Light at a Time”, http://recode.net/2015/08/18/ubers-drive-
• toward-world-domination-one-regulatory-green-light-at-a-time/,
• (20.09.2015)
• DOUGH “What’s the difference between UberX, XL, UberPlus, and
• Black Car?”, http://www.ridesharingdriver.com/whats-the-differencebetween-
• uberx-xl-uberplus-and-black-car, (20.09.2015)
• ESTES Adam Clark, “Uber Faces Down Legal Trouble Pretty Much
• Everywhere”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_status_of_Uber%27s_
• service, (21.09.2015)
• GALLEGOS Anna, “The Four Biggest Legal Problems Facing Uber,
• Lyft and Other Ridesharing Services”, http://www.lxbn.com/2014/06/04/
• top-legal-problems-facing-uber-lyft-ridesharing-services/, (20.09.2015)
• GARUN Natt, “Duolingo and Uber partner up to let you request certified
• English-speaking drivers in Colombia”, http://thenextweb.com/
• apps/2015/09/09/duolingo-and-uber-partner-up-to-let-you-request-certified-
• english-speaking-drivers-in-colombia/, (20.09.2015)
• GREENBERG Julia, “There Are Good Reasons Why People Love to Sue
• Uber”, http://www.wired.com/2015/03/good-reasons-people-love-sue-uber/,
• (11.09.2015)
• HALDEVANG Max De, “Mexico City unveils first regulation on Uber
• in Latin America”,
• h t t p : / / c o n ve n t i o n s . c o e . i n t / T r e a t y / C o m m u n / C h e r c h e S i g .
• asp?NT=185&CM=&DF=&CL=ENG, (20.09.2015)
• http://dotc.gov.ph/index.php/2014-09-02-05-01-41/2014-09-03-06-
• -32/125-dotc-creates-new-category-to-usher-in-app-based-puvs,
• (20.09.2015)
• http://venturebeat.com/2015/09/09/uber-taps-duolingo-to-let-riders-
• request-english-speaking-drivers-kicking-off-in-colombia/,
• (20.09.2015)http://www.cnet.com/news/fake-uber-drivers-allegedly-pick-
• up-female-passengers/#ftag=CAD590a51e, (20.09.2015)
• http://www.ensonhaber.com/korsan-taksi-yasallasti-2013-09-01.html,
• (20.09.2015)
• http://www.gib.gov.tr/node/95074, (20.09.2015)
• http://www.nbcbayarea.com/investigations/Rideshare-Drivers-
• Told-to-Ignore-Regulations-Uber-Lyft-will-pay-citations-at-Bay-Area-
• Airports-278283631.html, (20.09.2015)
• http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/07/16/us-mexico-uber-idUSKCN0PP2SU20150716,
• (20.09.2015)
• http://www.tursab.org.tr/dosya/10925/iptal-edilen-ukome-karari-
• -10-13_10925_7113055.pdf, (20.09.2015)
• http://www.tursab.org.tr/dosya/12134/idare-mahkemesinin-yurutmeyi-
• durdurma-karari-ek-2_12134_7434386.pdf, (20.09.2015)
• http://www.uhdigm.adalet.gov.tr/adli_yardimlasma/adli_isbirligi_
• ceza/cz_istinabe_9_internet_ortaminda_islenen_suclar.html, (20.09.2015)
• http://www.wired.com/2015/03/good-reasons-people-love-sue-uber/,
• (20.09.2015)
• https://bitaksi.com, (20.09.2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_status_of_Uber%27s_service,
• (20.09.2015)
• https://eng.uber.com/pulse-of-a-city/, (20.09.2015)
• https://www.uber.com/legal/privacy/users/tr, (20.09.2015)
• https://www.uber.com/legal/usa/terms, (20.09.2015)
• https://www.uber.com/tr/cities , (20.09.2015)
• HUET Ellen, “The Case For Carpooling: Inside Lyft And Uber’s Quest
• To Squeeze More People In The Backseat”, http://www.forbes.com/sites/
• ellenhuet/2015/08/18/inside-lyfts-and-ubers-carpooling-quest-uberpool-lyft-
• line/, (20.09.2015)
• HUI Ann, “Judge rejects Toronto’s case against Uber”, http://www.
• theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/toronto-request-to-shut-down-uberdismissed-
• in-court/article25273958/, (20.09.2015)
• KAUFMAN Alexander C., “The Tesla Of The Future Could Look A
• Lot Like Uber Driving would never be the same.”, http://www.huffingtonpost.
• com/entry/tesla-uber-rival_55d1e72fe4b0ab468d9db3fd?utm_hp_
• ref=business&kvcommref=mostpopular, (20.09.2015)
• KERR Dara, “Fake Uber drivers allegedly convince female passengers
• into cars”
• KİRCHNER Elyce/PAREDES David., “Uber and Lyft Drivers Told to
• Ignore Regulations: Companies Pay Airport Citations for Drivers”, http://
• www.nbcbayarea.com/investigations/Rideshare-Drivers-Told-to-Ignore-
• Regulations-Uber-Lyft-will-pay-citations-at-Bay-Area-Airports-
• html, (20.09.2015)
• KİRKHAM Chris/MAİ-DUC Christine/KHOURİ Andrew., “Uber
• Worker Ruling Highlights The Legal Troubles Of A ‘Sharing Economy’”,
• http://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-uber-driver-employee-
• labor-commission-20150617-story.html, (20.09.2015)
• LOPATTO Elizabeth, “New York City starts driver-tracking program”,
• http://www.theverge.com/2015/9/7/9273295/new-york-city-starts-drivertracking-
• program, (20.09.2015)
• MCCLELLAN Matthew, “Regulating Rideshares”, http://datasmart.
• ash.harvard.edu/news/article/regulating-rideshares-429, (20.09.2015)
• OSTERMAN Cynthia, “Brazil judge lifts injunction suspending Uber
• ride-share service”, http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/05/04/us-brazil-uber-idUSKBN0NP24220150504, (20.09.2015) SAWERS Paul, “Uber taps Duolingo to let riders request English-speaking
• drivers, kicking off in Colombia”
• SHEFTALOVICH Zoya , “Uber Picks Up Speed”, http://www.politico.
• eu/article/uber-complaint-european-governments-anti-uber-laws-ride-
• sharing/, (20.09.2015)
• TEPPER Fitz ,“Uber’s New Update Gives Food Delivery As Much
• Attention As Transportation” , http://techcrunch.com/2015/08/17/
• ubers-new-update-gives-food-delivery-as-much-attention-as-transportation/#.
• emyci0:2KzG, (20.09.2015)
• YOUNG Doug, “ Alibaba, Uber, Didi Kuaidi Raise Billions”, http://
• www.forbes.com/sites/dougyoung/2015/09/08/alibaba-uber-didi-kuaidi-
• raise-billions/, (20.09.2015)