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Subaksiyal Servikal Bölge Travmalarında Cerrahi Yönetimi: Olgu Sunumu

Year 2015, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 25 - 29, 01.04.2015

Abstract

Günümüzde teknolojinin ilerlemesi ve motorlu taşıt kullanımının artması sonucunda omurga yaralanmaları sık karşılaşılan bir durum haline gelmiştir. Sıklıkla motorlu taşıt kazaları sonrası oluşan omurga travmaları en sık servikal özellikle de alt servikal de denilen subaksiyal servikal bölgede görülür ve hastaların %70 inde nörolojik hasar meydana gelir. Halen tartışmalı olmakla birlikte nörolojik değerlendirme için güncel ve son zamanlarda kullanımı yaygınlaşan sınıflama motor, duyu kayıpları ve bunlara bağlı özürlülük oranlarını içeren ASIA (American Spinal Injury Association) sınıflamasıdır. Subaksiyal servikal travmalarda akut nörolojik kötüleşme acil cerrahi tedavi endikasyonudur. Anterior veya posterior tekniğin seçimi büyük oranda yaralanma mekanizması, etkilenen dokulara ve sonrasında oluşan nörolojik hasara bağlıdır. Hasta durumu ve instabilite tedavi kararını belirleyen en önemli iki faktördür. Anterior yaklaşım rutin kullanılabilen kolay uygulanan bir cerrahi teknik kabul edilse de ileri derecede stabilizasyon bozukluğu gösteren üç kolonuda tutan burst fraktürlerinde yetersiz kalmaktadır. Kliniğimizde uyguladığımız anterior plak vida tekniği ve posterior lateral mass vida uygulaması literatür gözden geçirilerek iki olgu eşliğinde tartışılmış, en iyi klinik sonuçların tek başına anterior cerrahi uygulanan vakalarda alındığı gözlense de instabil kompresyon ve patlama kırıklarında instabilitenin fazla olduğu durumlarda hastada nörolojik defisit ve üç kolon tutulumu olmasa dahi posterior füzyona ihtiyaç duyulduğu gözlenmiştir

References

  • 1. Açıkbaş SC. Alt servikal omurgaya cerrahi yaklaşımlar ve fiksasyon yöntemleri. Korfalı E, Zileli M, editörler Temel Nöroşirürji, Buluş Tasarım ve Matbaacılık Hizmetleri, Ankara, 2010: 1391-410.
  • 2. Caspar W, Barbier DD, Klara PM. Anterior Cervikal fusion and Caspar plate stabilization for cervikal trauma. Neurosurgery 1989; 25: 491. [CrossRef]
  • 3. Cloward RB. The anterior approach for removal of ruptured cervical disc. J Neurosurg 1958; 16: 602-7. [CrossRef]
  • 4. Allen BL, Ferguson RL, Lehmann TR, O’Brien RP. A Mechanistic classification of closed, indirect fractures and dislocations of the lower cervical spine. Spine 1976; 7: 1-27. [CrossRef]
  • 5. American Spinal Injurj Association: International standarts for neurological classification of spinal cord injury, revised 2000. 6 th ed. American Spinal Injury Association, Chicago, IL, 2000.
  • 6. Schuld C, Wiese J, Franz S, et al. Effect of formal training in scaling, scoring and classification of the International Standarts for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury. Spinal Cord 2012; 51: 282-8. [CrossRef]
  • 7. Smith GW, Robinson RA. The treatment of certain spine disorders by anterior removal of the intervertebral disc and interbody fusion. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1958; 40A: 624-62.
  • 8. Toplamaoğlu. Servikal Disk Hastalığında 3 Farklı Cerrahi. Türk Nöroşirürji Dergisi 2006; 16: 160-4.
  • 9. Bohler J, Gaudernak T. Anterior plate stabilization for fracture dislocation of the lower cervical spine. J Trauma 1980; 20: 203.5.
  • 10. Özer F. Servikal travmalarda plak-vida sistemi ile posterior internal fiksasyon. Türk Nöroşirurji Dergisi 1995; 5: 65-9.
  • 11. Zileli M, Coşkun E, İşlekel S. Servikal Faset Kilitlenmesinde tedavi seçenekleri. Türk Nöroşirurji Dergisi 1998; 1: 93-100.
  • 12. Fengbin Y, Xinwei W, Haisong Y, Yu C, Xiaowei L, Deyu C. Dysphagia after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a prospective study comparing two anterior surgical approaches. Eur Spine J 2013; 22: 1147-51. [CrossRef]
  • 13. Shimada T, Ohtori S, Inoue G, et al. Delayed surgical treatment for a traumatic bilateral cervical facet joint dislocation using a posterior-anterior approach: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2013; 1: 9. [CrossRef]
  • 14. Miao JL, Zhang CY, Peng Z. Characteristics and treatment of traumatic cervical disc herniation. Zhongguo Gu Shang 2012; 10: 817-20.

Surgical Management of Subaxial Cervical Spine Trauma: A Case Report

Year 2015, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 25 - 29, 01.04.2015

Abstract

These days, as a consequence of the improvement in technology and increase in the use of motor vehicles, spine injuries have become common. Spine traumas, which often occur after motor vehicle accidents, are observed mostly in cervical regions, particularly in the subaxial cervical region, which is also known as the subcervical region, and neurological damage occurs in 70% of the patients. Despite still being controversial, the common ranging for neurological evaluation is the American Spinal Injury Association ranging, which includes the motor and sensory loss and accordingly, the impairment rate. In subaxial cervical traumas, acute neurological deterioration is an indication and therefore requires urgent surgical treatment. The choice of anterior or posterior approach substantially depends on the traumatization mechanism, affected tissues, and neurological deterioration occurring after. The state of patient and instability are the most two important factors affecting the treatment decision. Although the anterior approach is accepted as a routinely available and easily applicable surgical technique, it lacks in the burst fractures involving the three colons, which shows a stabilization disorder. The anterior plate screw technique and posterior lateral mass screw application applied in our clinic are reviewed in literature and are discussed in two cases. Although the best clinical results are achieved in cases where only anterior surgery is performed and in cases where instability is excessive, in unstable compression and blow-out fractures, even if neurological deficit and three colon involvement are not observed in the patient, the requirement of posterior fusion is observed.

References

  • 1. Açıkbaş SC. Alt servikal omurgaya cerrahi yaklaşımlar ve fiksasyon yöntemleri. Korfalı E, Zileli M, editörler Temel Nöroşirürji, Buluş Tasarım ve Matbaacılık Hizmetleri, Ankara, 2010: 1391-410.
  • 2. Caspar W, Barbier DD, Klara PM. Anterior Cervikal fusion and Caspar plate stabilization for cervikal trauma. Neurosurgery 1989; 25: 491. [CrossRef]
  • 3. Cloward RB. The anterior approach for removal of ruptured cervical disc. J Neurosurg 1958; 16: 602-7. [CrossRef]
  • 4. Allen BL, Ferguson RL, Lehmann TR, O’Brien RP. A Mechanistic classification of closed, indirect fractures and dislocations of the lower cervical spine. Spine 1976; 7: 1-27. [CrossRef]
  • 5. American Spinal Injurj Association: International standarts for neurological classification of spinal cord injury, revised 2000. 6 th ed. American Spinal Injury Association, Chicago, IL, 2000.
  • 6. Schuld C, Wiese J, Franz S, et al. Effect of formal training in scaling, scoring and classification of the International Standarts for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury. Spinal Cord 2012; 51: 282-8. [CrossRef]
  • 7. Smith GW, Robinson RA. The treatment of certain spine disorders by anterior removal of the intervertebral disc and interbody fusion. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1958; 40A: 624-62.
  • 8. Toplamaoğlu. Servikal Disk Hastalığında 3 Farklı Cerrahi. Türk Nöroşirürji Dergisi 2006; 16: 160-4.
  • 9. Bohler J, Gaudernak T. Anterior plate stabilization for fracture dislocation of the lower cervical spine. J Trauma 1980; 20: 203.5.
  • 10. Özer F. Servikal travmalarda plak-vida sistemi ile posterior internal fiksasyon. Türk Nöroşirurji Dergisi 1995; 5: 65-9.
  • 11. Zileli M, Coşkun E, İşlekel S. Servikal Faset Kilitlenmesinde tedavi seçenekleri. Türk Nöroşirurji Dergisi 1998; 1: 93-100.
  • 12. Fengbin Y, Xinwei W, Haisong Y, Yu C, Xiaowei L, Deyu C. Dysphagia after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a prospective study comparing two anterior surgical approaches. Eur Spine J 2013; 22: 1147-51. [CrossRef]
  • 13. Shimada T, Ohtori S, Inoue G, et al. Delayed surgical treatment for a traumatic bilateral cervical facet joint dislocation using a posterior-anterior approach: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2013; 1: 9. [CrossRef]
  • 14. Miao JL, Zhang CY, Peng Z. Characteristics and treatment of traumatic cervical disc herniation. Zhongguo Gu Shang 2012; 10: 817-20.
There are 14 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA92AM23TK
Journal Section Case Report
Authors

Hasan Emre Aydın This is me

Zühtü Özbek This is me

Murat Vural This is me

Ali Arslantaş This is me

Publication Date April 1, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 16 Issue: 1

Cite

EndNote Aydın HE, Özbek Z, Vural M, Arslantaş A (April 1, 2015) Surgical Management of Subaxial Cervical Spine Trauma: A Case Report. Meandros Medical And Dental Journal 16 1 25–29.