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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>mediaj</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Uluslararası Medya ve İletişim Araştırmaları Hakemli Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2757-6035</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Aydın Adnan Menderes  Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Communication and Media Studies (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>EMPLOYMENT AND STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE PRESS SECTOR WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE VISUAL COMMUNICATION DESIGN DISCIPLINE</article-title>
                                                                                                                                        </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Birol</surname>
                                    <given-names>Emel</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>GİRESUN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, GİRESUN EĞİTİM ENSTİTÜSÜ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260430">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>9</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>108</fpage>
                                        <lpage>130</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20260204">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>04</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260417">
                        <day>04</day>
                        <month>17</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2018, Uluslararası Medya ve İletişim Araştırmaları Hakemli Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2018</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Uluslararası Medya ve İletişim Araştırmaları Hakemli Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Visual communication design is a broad discipline encompassing the processes of visualizing and conveying information, and the press sector constitutes one of the most established application areas of this discipline. This study aims to examine the employment patterns and hierarchical representation of women working in visual communication design-focused roles and general publishing processes within the press sector (newspapers, magazines, and online news sites) in Turkey. The study employs a descriptive research model based on secondary data analysis. The study&#039;s population consists of all periodicals operating in Turkey, while the sample comprises personnel statistics reflected in the data from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) and the Press Advertisement Agency (BİK) between 2020 and 2024. The collected data were categorized and analyzed based on key variables such as educational status, professional titles, and administrative authority levels. The research results show that while female representation reaches a certain level in technical roles where visual communication design practices are intensive, the proportion of women decreases significantly when it comes to higher decision-making positions in the hierarchical structure. Despite possessing qualified education levels at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels, female employees have been found to lag behind their male colleagues in management positions and areas such as holding press cards, which are indicators of professional prestige. This situation, exacerbated by the general contraction in the press sector, reveals that female employees face a &quot;glass ceiling&quot; in their careers and that their competencies in visual communication are not fully reflected in hierarchical positions.</p></abstract>
                                                                                    
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Visual communication design</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  press industry</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  women&#039;s employment</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  representation</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  gender</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                                                                                                    </article-meta>
    </front>
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