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Neonatal Dönemde Farklı Endotoksinlere Maruz Kalan Sıçanların Erişkinlik Döneminde Escherichia Coli Endotoksinine Yanıtları: Pubertaya Erişim Ve Plazma Gonadotropin Düzeyleri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 112 - 117, 06.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.37990/medr.864936

Öz

Amaç: Neonatal bakteriyel enfeksiyonların bağışıklık sistemini cinsiyete bağımlı olarak programladığı ve bunun nöronal gelişimin bozulması ile ilişkili olduğu bildirilmiştir. Bakteri hücre duvarı unsurları ya da endotoksinler de benzer etkiler yapmakta ve bu amaçla deneysel modellerde kullanılmaktadırlar. Mevcut çalışmanın amacı, neonatal dönemde farklı bakteriyel endotoksinlerin pubertaya erişim üzerine etkilerini araştırmak ve erişkinlik döneminde yapılan Escherichia (E.) coli endotoksininin plazma gonadotropinleri üzerine etkilerini incelemekti.
Materyal ve Metot: Neonatal 7. günde dişi ve erkek sıçan yavrularına 100 ug/kg dozunda steril salin (n=7), E. coli (O111:B4) endotoksini (n=7), Salmonella enterica typhimurium endotoksini (n=7) veya Klebsiella pneumoniae endotoksini (n=7) intraperitonel olarak enjekte edildi. Puberta zamanı, vajinal açıklığın günlük gözlemlenmesi ile tespit edildi. Postnatal 80. günde tüm gruplara farklı bir E. coli serotipi olan E. coli (O26:B6) LPS enjeksiyonu (100ug/kg) yapıldı ve enjeksiyondan 4 saat sonra gonadlar ve kan örnekleri alındı. Kanda gonadotropin (FSH ve LH analizi) analizleri yapıldı. Erkek ve dişilerin gruplar arası karşılaştırılmasında Kruskal Wallis H testi, çoklu karşılaştırmalarda Bonferroni düzeltmeli Mann Whitney U testi kullanıldı. İstatistiksel olarak p<0.05 değeri anlamlı kabul edildi.
Bulgular: Vücut ağırlığı üzerine neonatal ve erişkin dönem endotoksin maruziyetin etkisinin olmadığı gözlendi (p>0.05). Pubertaya erişim üzerine neonatal dönemde farklı endotoksin maruziyetinin etkisinin olmadığı gözlendi (p>0.05). Neonatal dönemde ve erişkinlik dönemindeki endotoksin maruziyetleri FSH ve LH seviyelerini ve gonad ağırlıklarını etkilemedi (p>0.05).
Sonuç: Elde edilen bulgulara göre, neonatal dönemde tek doz endotoksin maruziyetinin pubertaya erişimi etkilemediği ve incelenen tüm endotoksinlere karşı verilen yanıtın benzer olduğu sonuçlarına varılmıştır. Dolayısıyla, tek doz endotoksin üreme sistemini etkilemediği veya neonatal dönemde yapılan endotoksin enjeksiyonlarının oluşturduğu etkilerin pubertal döneme kadar giderildiği düşünülebilir.

Kaynakça

  • Reference1 Heederik D, von Mutius E. Does diversity of environmental microbial exposure matter for the occurrence of allergy and asthma? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012 Jul;130(1):44-50.
  • Reference2 Rylander R. Endotoxin in the environment--exposure and effects. J Endotoxin Res. 2002;8(4):241-52.
  • Reference3 Duquenne P, Ambroise D, Görner P, Clerc F, Greff-Mirguet G. Exposure to airborne endotoxins among sewer workers: an exploratory study. Ann Occup Hyg. 2014 Apr;58(3):283-93.
  • Reference4 Glaros TG, Chang S, Gilliam EA, Maitra U, Deng H, Li L. Causes and consequences of low grade endotoxemia and inflammatory diseases. Front Biosci (Schol Ed). 2013 Jan 1;5:754-65.
  • Reference5 Moreira AP, Texeira TF, Ferreira AB, Peluzio Mdo C, Alfenas Rde C. Influence of a high-fat diet on gut microbiota, intestinal permeability and metabolic endotoxaemia. Br J Nutr. 2012 Sep;108(5):801-9.
  • Reference6 Hawkesworth S, Moore SE, Fulford AJ, Barclay GR, Darboe AA, Mark H, Nyan OA, Prentice AM. Evidence for metabolic endotoxemia in obese and diabetic Gambian women. Nutr Diabetes. 2013 Aug 26;3(8):e83.
  • Reference7 Melmed S. Series introduction. The immuno-neuroendocrine interface. J Clin Invest. 2001 Dec;108(11):1563-6.
  • Reference8 Kane L, Ismail N. Puberty as a vulnerable period to the effects of immune challenges: Focus on sex differences. Behav Brain Res. 2017 Mar 1;320:374-382.
  • Reference9 Battaglia DF, Krasa HB, Padmanabhan V, Viguié C, Karsch FJ. Endocrine alterations that underlie endotoxin-induced disruption of the follicular phase in ewes. Biol Reprod. 2000 Jan;62(1):45-53.
  • Reference10 Wu XQ, Li XF, Ye B, Popat N, Milligan SR, Lightman SL, O'Byrne KT. Neonatal programming by immunological challenge: effects on ovarian function in the adult rat. Reproduction. 2011 Feb;141(2):241-8.
  • Reference11 Ozgocer T, Yildiz S, Elbe H, Vardi N. Endotoxin exposure and puberty in female rats: the role of nitric oxide and caspase-1 inhibition in neonates. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2015 Aug;93(8):603-14.
  • Reference12 Pappa A, Seferiadis K, Marselos M, Tsolas O, Messinis IE. Development and application of competitive ELISA assays for rat LH and FSH. Theriogenology. 1999;51(5):911-26.
  • Reference13 Sominsky L, Meehan CL, Walker AK, Bobrovskaya L, McLaughlin EA, Hodgson DM. Neonatal immune challenge alters reproductive development in the female rat. Horm Behav. 2012 Aug;62(3):345-55.
  • Reference14 Walker AK, Hiles SA, Sominsky L, McLaughlin EA, Hodgson DM. Neonatal lipopolysaccharide exposure impairs sexual development and reproductive success in the Wistar rat. Brain Behav Immun. 2011 May;25(4):674-84.
  • Reference15 Iwasa T, Matsuzaki T, Murakami M, Kinouchi R, Shimizu F, Kuwahara A, Yasui T, Irahara M. Neonatal immune challenge affects the regulation of estrus cyclicity and feeding behavior in female rats. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2009 Feb;27(1):111-4.
  • Reference16 Li XF, Kinsey-Jones JS, Knox AM, Wu XQ, Tahsinsoy D, Brain SD, Lightman SL, O'Byrne KT. Neonatal lipopolysaccharide exposure exacerbates stress-induced suppression of luteinizing hormone pulse frequency in adulthood. Endocrinology. 2007 Dec;148(12):5984-90.

Reaction to Escherichia Coli Endotoxin in Adult Rats Neonatally Exposed to Different Endotoxins: Timing of Puberty and Levels of Gonadotropins

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 112 - 117, 06.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.37990/medr.864936

Öz

Aim: Neonatal bacterial infections appear to program immune system in a sexually dimorphic way and are associated with perturbed neuronal development. Bacterial cell wall components or endotoxins cause similar effects, and therefore, are used as experimental models. Aim of the current study was to assess the effects of neonatal exposure to different bacterial endotoxins on timing of puberty and to investigate the reaction to Echerichia (E.) coli endotoxin on plasma gonadotropin levels during adulthood.
Material and Method: Female (n=28) and male (n=28) rat pups were injected intraperitoneally with sterile saline solution (n=7), 100 ug/kg Escherichia coli (O111:B4) endotoxin (n=7), Salmonella enterica typhimurium endotoxin (n=7) or Klebsiella pneumoniae endotoxin (n=7) on neonatal day 7. Timing of puberty was assessed daily by observing vaginal opening. All animals were injected intraperitoneally with a different E. coli serotype (O26:B6) at 100 ug/kg doses on postnatal day 80 and four hours post-injection, blood samples and gonads were collected. Blood was used for gonadotropin (LH and FSH) analyzes. Females and males were compared by Kruskall Wallis H test. Multiple comparisons were made by Mann Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction. An alpha level of P<0.05 was accepted as significant.
Results: No effects of neonatal and adulthood endotoxin exposures were observed on body weight (p>0.05) No effects of neonatal endotoxin exposures were observed on timing of puberty (p>0.05). Neonatal and adulthood endotoxin exposures did not affect FSH and LH levels and gonad weights (p>0.05)
Conclusion: It might be concluded that effects of single neonatal exposure to different endotoxins are corrected before the commencement of the puberty, and hence, pubertal development is not affected.

Kaynakça

  • Reference1 Heederik D, von Mutius E. Does diversity of environmental microbial exposure matter for the occurrence of allergy and asthma? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012 Jul;130(1):44-50.
  • Reference2 Rylander R. Endotoxin in the environment--exposure and effects. J Endotoxin Res. 2002;8(4):241-52.
  • Reference3 Duquenne P, Ambroise D, Görner P, Clerc F, Greff-Mirguet G. Exposure to airborne endotoxins among sewer workers: an exploratory study. Ann Occup Hyg. 2014 Apr;58(3):283-93.
  • Reference4 Glaros TG, Chang S, Gilliam EA, Maitra U, Deng H, Li L. Causes and consequences of low grade endotoxemia and inflammatory diseases. Front Biosci (Schol Ed). 2013 Jan 1;5:754-65.
  • Reference5 Moreira AP, Texeira TF, Ferreira AB, Peluzio Mdo C, Alfenas Rde C. Influence of a high-fat diet on gut microbiota, intestinal permeability and metabolic endotoxaemia. Br J Nutr. 2012 Sep;108(5):801-9.
  • Reference6 Hawkesworth S, Moore SE, Fulford AJ, Barclay GR, Darboe AA, Mark H, Nyan OA, Prentice AM. Evidence for metabolic endotoxemia in obese and diabetic Gambian women. Nutr Diabetes. 2013 Aug 26;3(8):e83.
  • Reference7 Melmed S. Series introduction. The immuno-neuroendocrine interface. J Clin Invest. 2001 Dec;108(11):1563-6.
  • Reference8 Kane L, Ismail N. Puberty as a vulnerable period to the effects of immune challenges: Focus on sex differences. Behav Brain Res. 2017 Mar 1;320:374-382.
  • Reference9 Battaglia DF, Krasa HB, Padmanabhan V, Viguié C, Karsch FJ. Endocrine alterations that underlie endotoxin-induced disruption of the follicular phase in ewes. Biol Reprod. 2000 Jan;62(1):45-53.
  • Reference10 Wu XQ, Li XF, Ye B, Popat N, Milligan SR, Lightman SL, O'Byrne KT. Neonatal programming by immunological challenge: effects on ovarian function in the adult rat. Reproduction. 2011 Feb;141(2):241-8.
  • Reference11 Ozgocer T, Yildiz S, Elbe H, Vardi N. Endotoxin exposure and puberty in female rats: the role of nitric oxide and caspase-1 inhibition in neonates. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2015 Aug;93(8):603-14.
  • Reference12 Pappa A, Seferiadis K, Marselos M, Tsolas O, Messinis IE. Development and application of competitive ELISA assays for rat LH and FSH. Theriogenology. 1999;51(5):911-26.
  • Reference13 Sominsky L, Meehan CL, Walker AK, Bobrovskaya L, McLaughlin EA, Hodgson DM. Neonatal immune challenge alters reproductive development in the female rat. Horm Behav. 2012 Aug;62(3):345-55.
  • Reference14 Walker AK, Hiles SA, Sominsky L, McLaughlin EA, Hodgson DM. Neonatal lipopolysaccharide exposure impairs sexual development and reproductive success in the Wistar rat. Brain Behav Immun. 2011 May;25(4):674-84.
  • Reference15 Iwasa T, Matsuzaki T, Murakami M, Kinouchi R, Shimizu F, Kuwahara A, Yasui T, Irahara M. Neonatal immune challenge affects the regulation of estrus cyclicity and feeding behavior in female rats. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2009 Feb;27(1):111-4.
  • Reference16 Li XF, Kinsey-Jones JS, Knox AM, Wu XQ, Tahsinsoy D, Brain SD, Lightman SL, O'Byrne KT. Neonatal lipopolysaccharide exposure exacerbates stress-induced suppression of luteinizing hormone pulse frequency in adulthood. Endocrinology. 2007 Dec;148(12):5984-90.
Toplam 16 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Özgün Makaleler
Yazarlar

Cihat Uçar 0000-0003-3278-7779

Tuba Özgöçer 0000-0002-4590-1342

Sedat Yıldız 0000-0002-7872-790X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 6 Mayıs 2021
Kabul Tarihi 5 Şubat 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

AMA Uçar C, Özgöçer T, Yıldız S. Reaction to Escherichia Coli Endotoxin in Adult Rats Neonatally Exposed to Different Endotoxins: Timing of Puberty and Levels of Gonadotropins. Med Records. Mayıs 2021;3(2):112-117. doi:10.37990/medr.864936

 Chief Editors

Assoc. Prof. Zülal Öner
Address: İzmir Bakırçay University, Department of Anatomy, İzmir, Turkey

Assoc. Prof. Deniz Şenol
Address: Düzce University, Department of Anatomy, Düzce, Turkey

E-mail: medrecsjournal@gmail.com

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