mejrs Middle East Journal of Refugee Studies 2149-4398 2458-8962 ULUSLARARASI MÜLTECİ HAKLARI DERNEĞİ 10.12738/mejrs.2016.1.1.0003 Mülteciler ve Mülteci Çocukların Ruhsal Durumu Refugees and Mental State of Refugee Children Nasıroğlu Serhat Child Psychiatry Division, Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Sakarya University Çeri Veysi Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Dumlupınar University 06 01 2016 1 1 43 76 Copyright © 2016, Middle East Journal of Refugee Studies 2016 Middle East Journal of Refugee Studies

Son yıllarda özellikle Orta Doğu’da savaşın şiddetlenmesi ile bölge ülkelerine yoğun bir mülteci akını olmuştur. Ev sahibi ülkelere yerleşen bu mülteci bireylerin hukuki sorunları, eğitim, sağlık, barınma, temiz su, sağlıklı gıda temin edilmesi ve çalışma hakları gibi önemli konular ilgili ülkelerde tartışılmaktadır. Mülteci bireylerin yaşadıkları zorlu olayların yanı sıra ev sahibi ülkede bulundukları sırada aldıkları sosyal desteğin ruh sağlığı üzerinde önemli etkileri olduğu bilinmektedir. Yapılan çalışmalar incelendiğinde mülteci olmanın önemli ruhsal sorunlarla yol açtığı anlaşılmaktadır. Mülteci bireyler, önemli oranda ayrımcılığa uğramakta birçok ülkede ötekileştirilmekte temel insani haklardan mahrum bırakılmaktadır. Derlememizde ülkemizdeki mülteci çocukların hukuksal haklarının anlaşılması, yaşadıkları önemli ruhsal travmaların, ruhsal sorunları arttıran risk faktörlerinin belirtilmesi, tedavi süreci gerektiren çocukların belirlenmesi ve tedavinin sürdürülebilmesi amacıyla okulların da içinde olduğu çalışmalar yapılması gerektiği, bazı olguların psikiyatrik terapotik desteğe veya ilaç alımına ihtiyaç duyabileceği anlatılmıştır. Sonuç olarak bu çocukların toplumsal uyumunun nasıl sağlanacağı ile ilgili önerilerde bulunmak ve mülteci krizi ile ilgili farkındalığı artırmak amaçlanmaktadır.

In this study, various ways of describing Syrian refugees as used by a specific group of social media users who identify themselves as “dictionary writers” have been studied through critical discursive psychology and interpretative repertoires. Ekşi and Uludağ collaborative dictionaries, which are the most popular online dictionary sites in Turkey, were used as a database in the process of collecting data, giving the opportunity to reach various discursive repertoires. One hundred web pages from Ekşi Dictionary 10 entries per page, a total of 1000 entries were analyzed. Fourteen web pages from Uludağ Dictionary 25 entries per page except for five entries on the last page, a total of 330 entries were also analyzed. When quoting extracts from the collaborative dictionaries, the page count was taken into consideration, thus more extracts were taken from Ekşi Dictionary. Extracts were analyzed using the critical discursive approach. As a result of this research, seven different repertoires were defined. First of all is the repertoire of “threat,” in which Syrian asylum seekers are constructed as a threat in two forms: while the asylum seeker is the primary threat in its first form, they are seen as the tool of the primary threat in its second form. According to the repertoire of “othering,” Syrian asylum seekers are “otherized” through subjection to humiliation, marginalization, and dehumanization. In the repertoire of “Muslim,” Syrian asylum seekers are defined with a supra-identity as a Muslim beyond national identities, positioning the dictionary writer on similar ground with the asylum seeker. In the repertoire of “empathy,” the refugees are the subject of statements regarding humanity as the common ground. In the repertoire of “normative refugee” an absolute refugee frame is sketched, discussing whether a Syrian refugee fills this frame or not and how they fit in. According to the repertoire of “administration problem,” the inadequate policies of government in relation to the current situation are held responsible and the refugees are identified as victims of governmental policies. Finally, in the seventh repertoire, which can be referred to as “economic burden,” the refugees are described as a burden on the economic system; they are given shelter and care but are also unwanted by the Turkish people.

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