Research Article

EFFECT OF BOOTSTRAPPING ON GAUSSIAN MIXTURE MODEL

Volume: 11 Number: 2 December 30, 2025

EFFECT OF BOOTSTRAPPING ON GAUSSIAN MIXTURE MODEL

Abstract

Gaussian mixture model is a probabilistic model where all the data points are assumed to be generated from a mixture of a finite number of Gaussian distributions with unknown parameters. This model typically deploys in unsupervised machine learning and has common applications in different fields such as bioinformatics, financial econometrics and deep learning. In this study, we combine bootstrap methods with Gaussian mixture model in order to investigate whether they enable to improve the model accuracy, specifically, when the number of parameters changes with respect to the number of observations. In the detection of optimal Gaussian mixture model, we perform likelihood ratio test due to its advantage in computational efficiency and high accuracy, and compare its performance with consistent Akaike information criterion with Fisher information matrix under distinct simulation scenarios.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

None

Project Number

No financial support exists.

Ethical Statement

The authors declare that this document does not require ethics committee approval or any special permission. Our study does not cause any harm to the environment and does not involve the use of animal or human subjects.

Thanks

None

References

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  2. Kaygusuz, M. A. & Purutçuoğlu, V. Comparative study by adding bootstrapping stage in the construction of biological networks. Journal of Dynamics and Games, 12 (2), 118-133, 2025.
  3. Lu, J. A survey on Bayesian inference for Gaussian mixture model. arXiv preprint arXiv:2108.11753, 2021.
  4. Marin, S., Loong, B., & Westveld, A. BOB: Bayesian Optimized Bootstrap with applications to Gaussian mixture models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2311.03644, 2023.
  5. McLachlan, G. J. On bootstrapping the likelihood ratio test statistic for the number of components in a normal mixture. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series C, 36 (3), 318-324, 1987.
  6. Feng, Z. D. & McCulloch, C. E. Using bootstrap likelihood ratios in finite mixture models. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B, 58 (3), 609-617,1996.
  7. Dziak, J. J., Lanza, S. T., & Tan, X. Effect size, statistical power, and sample size requirements for the bootstrap likelihood ratio test in latent class analysis. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 21 (4), 534-552, 2014.
  8. Tekle, F. B., Gudicha, D. W., & Vermunt, J. K. Power analysis for the bootstrap likelihood ratio test for the number of classes in latent class models. Advances in Data Analysis and Classification, 10, 209-224, 2016.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Statistical Analysis, Applied Statistics

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

December 30, 2025

Submission Date

January 20, 2025

Acceptance Date

September 1, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 11 Number: 2

APA
Kaygusuz, M. A., Gögebakan, M., & Purutcuoglu, V. (2025). EFFECT OF BOOTSTRAPPING ON GAUSSIAN MIXTURE MODEL. Middle East Journal of Science, 11(2), 182-193. https://doi.org/10.51477/mejs.1623468
AMA
1.Kaygusuz MA, Gögebakan M, Purutcuoglu V. EFFECT OF BOOTSTRAPPING ON GAUSSIAN MIXTURE MODEL. MEJS. 2025;11(2):182-193. doi:10.51477/mejs.1623468
Chicago
Kaygusuz, Mehmet Ali, Maruf Gögebakan, and Vilda Purutcuoglu. 2025. “EFFECT OF BOOTSTRAPPING ON GAUSSIAN MIXTURE MODEL”. Middle East Journal of Science 11 (2): 182-93. https://doi.org/10.51477/mejs.1623468.
EndNote
Kaygusuz MA, Gögebakan M, Purutcuoglu V (December 1, 2025) EFFECT OF BOOTSTRAPPING ON GAUSSIAN MIXTURE MODEL. Middle East Journal of Science 11 2 182–193.
IEEE
[1]M. A. Kaygusuz, M. Gögebakan, and V. Purutcuoglu, “EFFECT OF BOOTSTRAPPING ON GAUSSIAN MIXTURE MODEL”, MEJS, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 182–193, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.51477/mejs.1623468.
ISNAD
Kaygusuz, Mehmet Ali - Gögebakan, Maruf - Purutcuoglu, Vilda. “EFFECT OF BOOTSTRAPPING ON GAUSSIAN MIXTURE MODEL”. Middle East Journal of Science 11/2 (December 1, 2025): 182-193. https://doi.org/10.51477/mejs.1623468.
JAMA
1.Kaygusuz MA, Gögebakan M, Purutcuoglu V. EFFECT OF BOOTSTRAPPING ON GAUSSIAN MIXTURE MODEL. MEJS. 2025;11:182–193.
MLA
Kaygusuz, Mehmet Ali, et al. “EFFECT OF BOOTSTRAPPING ON GAUSSIAN MIXTURE MODEL”. Middle East Journal of Science, vol. 11, no. 2, Dec. 2025, pp. 182-93, doi:10.51477/mejs.1623468.
Vancouver
1.Mehmet Ali Kaygusuz, Maruf Gögebakan, Vilda Purutcuoglu. EFFECT OF BOOTSTRAPPING ON GAUSSIAN MIXTURE MODEL. MEJS. 2025 Dec. 1;11(2):182-93. doi:10.51477/mejs.1623468

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