ELEVATION ERROR COMPARISION OF COMMONLY USED DIGITAL EVATION MODELS (DEM) FOR NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT WITH GROUND CONTROL POINTS

Abstract

Land surveying has importance in monitoring, planning and detailed mapping for natural resources in lands. Consider the success in management plans, especially in area of engineering, more precious data employed to promote high-efficiency and cost optimization of projects. Engineering projects require more precision and attention in forest lands having huge part of natural resources. Otherwise engineers may cause irreversible damage to nature in addition to wasting money and time. Field oriented engineering works, especially, digital terrain models (DTM) are one of the most important data. Thus, this study examines vertical accuracies of open-source DEMs. Thus, this study primarily evaluates the DEMs mentioned in many research papers. Within the scope of this study, Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Reflectometer Global DEM (ASTER GDEM 2), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM (1) V3) at 30 m resolution, and DEMs derived from orthophotos, which are commonly used by researchers, were compared. The validation of DEMs investigated by using standard deviation (STD), mean error (ME) and the root mean square error (RMSE) to investigate errors in elevation data. Surveying for 116 reference points in the test-site, which has barren and poorly vegetated (Grass/Shrub) land surfaces, was carried out by using total station. The precision of the orthophoto-derived DEM’s error, is better and more reliable than that of other DEMs in bare lands, such as forest openings. The investigated RMSE values were 1.62 m for the orthophoto-based DEM, 2.68 m for SRTM 1 V3 and 11.79 m for ASTER GDEM 2. The orthophoto-based DEM showed higher accuracy than satellite-based models.

Keywords

• Vertical error,Total station,Open access DEMs,Openings,Kahramanmaras

References

1. [1] Aslan, Ş. T. A. (2005). Coğrafi bilgi sistemi olanakları ile bazı havza özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. KSÜ Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 8(2), 128-134.
2. [2] ASTER GDEM, (2009). Validation team: METI/ERSDAC, NASA/LPDAAC, USGS/EROS. ASTER GDEM validation sum-mary report. Retrieved from http://www, ersdac, or. jp/GDEM/E/image/ASTERGDEM_ Validation Summary Re-port_Verl, pdf.
3. [3] ASTER GDEM, (2011). Validation Team:METI/ERSDAC, NASA/LPDAAC, USGS/EROS, “Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emıssıon And Reflection Radıometer (Aster) Global Dıgıtal Elevatıon Model (Gdem) Versıon 2 ” "ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA". Retrieved from http://www.ersdac.or.jp/GDEM/E/3.html.
4. [4] Chaieb, A., Rebai, N., & Bouaziz, S. (2016). Vertical Accuracy Assessment of SRTM Ver 4.1 and ASTER GDEM Ver 2 Using GPS Measurements in Central West of Tunisia. Journal of Geographic Information System, 8(01), 57.
5. [5] Çepel, N. (1988). Orman Ekolojisi. İÜ Orman Fakültesi Yayınları, 3518/399, ISBN: 975-404-061-3, İstanbul, 536s.
6. [6] Çoban, H. O., & Eker, M. (2009). SRTM verileri ile bazi topoğrafik analizler: Isparta Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü örneği. Turkish Journal of Forestry| Türkiye Ormancılık Dergisi, 2, 76-91.
7. [7] Daniel, C., & Tennant, K. (2001). DEM quality assessment. Digital elevation model technologies and applications: the DEM users manual, 395-440.
8. [8] El Imrani, M., Darraz, C., Akalai, N., Hlila, R., & El Ouaazani, A. (2016). Vertical accuracy assessment of Open source Digital Elevation Model (a case study from northern Morocco). International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 15(3), 618.

9. [9] Esri (1996). Using ArcView GIS: user manual. Redlands: Environmental Systems Research Institute.
10. [10] Farr, T. G., Rosen, P. A., Caro, E., Crippen, R., Duren, R., Hensley, S., ... & Seal, D. (2007). The shuttle radar topography mission. Reviews of geophysics, 45(2).
11. [11] Fisher, P. F., & Tate, N. J. (2006). Causes and consequences of error in digital elevation models. Progress in Physical Geography, 30(4), 467-489
12. [12] Guth, P. L. (2010). Geomorphometric comparison of ASTER GDEM and SRTM. In A special joint symposium of ISPRS Technical Commission IV & AutoCarto in conjunction with ASPRS/CaGIS.
13. [13] Krzystek, P. (1991). Fully automatic measurement of digital elevation models. Proceedings of the 43rd Photogrammetric Week, Stuttgart, pp. 203 – 214
14. [14] Li, P., Shi, C., Li, Z., Muller, J. P., Drummond, J., Li, X., ... & Liu, J. (2012). Evaluation of ASTER GDEM ver2 using GPS measurements and SRTM ver4. 1 in China
15. [15] Mohd, W., Wan, N., Abdullah, M. A., & Hashim, S. (2014). Evaluation of Vertical Accuracy of Digital Elevation Models Generated from Different Sources: Case Study of Ampang and Hulu Langat.
16. [16] Mukherjee, S., Joshi, P. K., Mukherjee, S., Ghosh, A., Garg, R. D., & Mukhopadhyay, A. (2013). Evaluation of vertical accuracy of open source Digital Elevation Model (DEM). International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 21, 205-217.
17. [17] Nelson, A., Reuter, H. I., & Gessler, P. (2009). DEM production methods and sources. Developments in soil science, 33, 65-85.
18. [18] Oflaz, O. E., Bayraktar, H., Köksoy, E., & Ölmez, A. (2013). “Ulusal ortofoto bilgi sisteminin neresindeyiz?” TMMOB Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri Kongresi, 11 – 13 Kasım 2013, Ankara.
19. [19] Ok, A. Ö., Türker, M., (2005). Stereo Aster uydu görüntülerinden sayısal yükseklik modeli oluşturma ve doğruluk analizleri. Ege Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri Sempozyumu, İzmir.
20. [20] Patel, A., Katiyar, S. K., & Prasad, V. (2016). Performances evaluation of different open source DEM using Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS). The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 19(1), 7-16.
21. [21] Seo J. ve Han S. (2001). Study On Geographıc Informatıon Productıon Usıng Aırborne Laser Scannıng International Conference FIG Working Week 2001, Seoul, Korea. Retrieved from 20.10.2016 https://www.fig.net/resources/proceedings/fig_proceedings/korea/full-papers/session14/seo-han.htm.
22. [22] USGS-NGA-NASA, (2015). Shuttle Radar Topography Mission 1 Arc-Second Global: SRTM1N37E036V3. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota. Retrieved from 26.10.2016 https://lta.cr.usgs.gov/SRTM1Arc