Mersin ili; bulunulan coğrafi bölge bakımından taş malzemenin yoğunlukta olduğu bir alan olup, bölgede tarihi pek çok alanda, taş yapılar çeşitli etkiler karşısında bozulmaya uğramakta ve bölgede sıklıkla koruma müdahalelerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Ancak geçmişte bölgede malzeme sorunlarının tespiti konusunda bilgi eksikliği, birçok durumda tarihi doku ve yapılarda ciddi hasarlara neden olmuştur. Bu kapsamda yapılan çalışmanın amacı; Mersin’in Tarsus ilçesinde bulunan ve bulunduğu bölgenin kültürel mirasının devamlılığı noktasında korunması büyük bir önem arz eden tarihi kagir bir yapı olan “Sarışıh Hanı”nın maruz kaldığı malzeme sorunlarını belgelemek ve böylece bulunulan coğrafi bölgedeki yapıların sürdürülebilir yönetimi için malzeme sorunlarının tespitine ve onarımına katkı sağlamaktır. Bu kapsamda, yapıdaki malzeme sorunları İHA fotogrametrisi yöntemi kullanılarak belgelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları, Mersin’de taş yapılarda restorasyon aşamalarında malzeme sorunlarının tespitinde bir yönerge oluşturması bakımından önemlidir. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgularda yapının taş yüzeyinde gözlenen ana hasarın su etkisi ile aşınmasından ve aşınan yerlerde onarımların yapılmamasından kaynaklı sorunların büyüyerek cephelerin tamamına yakın bölümlerinde bitki oluşumlarının oluştuğu ve bitki oluşumlarının bazı cephelerde büyük kısımlı parçalanmalara yol olgusunu göstermektedir. Yapıda yüzyıllar boyunca güçlü iklim kaynaklı güneş ve su etkisine maruz kalmasının sonucunda, taş yüzeylerinde derz kaybı ve bitki oluşumu bozulmasının ileri seviyelere ulaştığı görülmektedir. Çalışmada elde edilen tespit sonuçlarına dayanılarak, bulunulan coğrafi bölgede yapılacak restorasyon uygulamalarında malzeme sorunlarının onarımında sunulacak öneriler kapsamında doğru uygulamaların yapılması umulmaktadır.
Russo, M., Carnevali, L., Russo, V., Savastano, D., & Taddia, Y. (2019). Modeling and deterioration mapping of façades in historical urban context by close-range ultra-lightweight UAVs photogrammetry. International journal of architectural heritage, 13(4), 549-568.
Bonazza, A., Vidorni, G., Natali, I., Ciantelli, C., Giosuè, C., & Tittarelli, F. (2017). Durability assessment to environmental impact of nano-structured consolidants on Carrara marble by field exposure tests. Science of the Total Environment, 575, 23-32.
Gulotta, D., Bontempi, E., Bugini, R., Goidanich, S., & Toniolo, L. (2017). The deterioration of metamorphic serpentinites used in historical architecture under atmospheric conditions. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 50(4), 402-411.
Waragai, T., & Hiki, Y. (2019). Influence of microclimate on the directional dependence of sandstone pillar weathering in Angkor Wat temple, Cambodia. Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, 6(1), 1-14.
Bello, M. A., Martin, L., & Martin, A. (1992). Decay and treatment of macael white marble. Studies in conservation, 37(3), 193-200.
Sarró, M. I., García, A. M., Rivalta, V. M., Moreno, D. A., & Arroyo, I. (2006). Biodeterioration of the lions fountain at the Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). Building and Environment, 41(12), 1811-1820.
Sanjurjo-Sánchez, J., & Alves, C. (2012). Decay effects of pollutants on stony materials in the built environment. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 10(2), 131-143.
Germinario, L., Siegesmund, S., Maritan, L., Simon, K., & Mazzoli, C. (2017). Trachyte weathering in the urban built environment related to air quality. Heritage Science, 5(1), 1-17.
Germinario, L., Oguchi, C. T., Tamura, Y., Ahn, S., & Ogawa, M. (2020). Taya Caves, a Buddhist marvel hidden in underground Japan: stone properties, deterioration, and environmental setting. Heritage Science, 8(1), 1-20.
Winkler, E. (1997). Stone in architecture: properties, durability. Springer Science & Business Media.
González, R. F., De Buergo, M. A., Martı́n, F. M., & De Azcona, M. L. (2004). Stone decay in 18th century monuments due to iron corrosion. The Royal Palace, Madrid (Spain). Building and Environment, 39(3), 357-364.
Castaño González, J. G., López de Azcona, C., & Morcillo Linares, M. (2001). Deterioration of ancient metallic elements taken from Toledo cathedral. Revista De Metalurgia, 37(4), 519–527
Hatır, E., Korkanç, M., Schachner, A., & İnce, İ. (2021). The deep learning method applied to the detection and mapping of stone deterioration in open-air sanctuaries of the Hittite period in Anatolia. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 51, 37-49.
Del Pozo, S., Herrero-Pascual, J., Felipe-García, B., Hernández-López, D., Rodríguez-Gonzálvez, P., & González-Aguilera, D. (2016). Multispectral radiometric analysis of façades to detect pathologies from active and passive remote sensing. Remote Sensing, 8(1), 80.
Guidi, G., Russo, M., & Angheleddu, D. (2014). 3D survey and virtual reconstruction of archeological sites. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, 1(2), 55-69.
Soudarissanane, S., Lindenbergh, R., Menenti, M., & Teunissen, P. (2011). Scanning geometry: Influencing factor on the quality of terrestrial laser scanning points. ISPRS journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, 66(4), 389-399.
Kraus, K. (2007). Photogrammetry: geometry from images and laser scans (Vol. 1). Walter de Gruyter.
Remondino, F., Spera, M. G., Nocerino, E., Menna, F., & Nex, F. (2014). State of the art in high density image matching. The photogrammetric record, 29(146), 144-166.
Fernández‐Hernandez, J., González‐Aguilera, D., Rodríguez‐Gonzálvez, P., & Mancera‐Taboada, J. (2015). Image‐based modelling from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry: an effective, low‐cost tool for archaeological applications. Archaeometry, 57(1), 128-145.
Hatır, E., Korkanç, M., Schachner, A., & İnce, İ. (2021). The deep learning method applied to the detection and mapping of stone deterioration in open-air sanctuaries of the Hittite period in Anatolia. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 51, 37-49.
Doğan, Y., & Yakar, M. (2018). GIS and three-dimensional modeling for cultural heritages. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences, 3(2), 50-55.
Yakar, M. (2009). Digital elevation model generation by robotic total station instrument. Experimental Techniques, 33(2), 52-59.
Alptekin, A., Çelik, M. Ö., & Yakar, M. (2019). Anıtmezarın yersel lazer tarayıcı kullanarak 3B modellenmesi. Türkiye Lidar Dergisi, 1(1), 1-4.
Yilmaz, H. M., Yakar, M., Mutluoglu, O., Kavurmaci, M. M., & Yurt, K. (2012). Monitoring of soil erosion in Cappadocia region (Selime-Aksaray-Turkey). Environmental Earth Sciences, 66(1), 75-81.
Yakar, M., Yılmaz, H. M., & Mutluoǧlu, Ö. (2010). Close range photogrammetry and robotic total station in volume calculation. International Journal of Physical Sciences, 5(2), 86-96
Alptekin, A., & Yakar, M. (2020). Heyelan bölgesinin İHA kullanarak modellenmesi. Türkiye İnsansız Hava Araçları Dergisi, 2(1), 17-21.
Taşdemir, Ş., Yakar, M., Ürkmez, A., & İnal, Ş. (2008, June). Determination of body measurements of a cow by image analysis. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Systems and Technologies and Workshop for PhD Students in Computing (pp. V-8).
Unal, M., Yakar, M., & Yildiz, F. (2004, July). Discontinuity surface roughness measurement techniques and the evaluation of digital photogrammetric method. In Proceedings of the 20th international congress for photogrammetry and remote sensing, ISPRS (Vol. 1103, p. 1108).
Erener, A., & Yakar, M. (2012). Monitoring coastline change using remote sensing and GIS technologies. Lecture Notes in Information Technology, 30, 310-314.
Karataş, L., Alptekin, A., & Yakar, M. (2022). Creating Architectural Surveys of Traditional Buildings with the Help of Terrestrial Laser Scanning Method (TLS) and Orthophotos: Historical Diyarbakır Sur Mansion. Advanced LiDAR, 2(2), 54-63.
Karataş, L., Alptekin, A., & Yakar, M. (2022). Determination of Stone Material Deteriorations on the Facades with the Combination of Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Photogrammetric Methods: Case Study of Historical Burdur Station Premises. Advanced Geomatics, 2(2), 65-72.
Karataş, L., Alptekin, A., & Yakar, M. (2022). Analytical Documentation of Stone Material Deteriorations on Facades with Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Photogrammetric Methods: Case Study of Şanlıurfa Kışla Mosque. Advanced LiDAR, 2(2), 36-47.
Karataş, L., Alptekin, A., & Yakar, M. (2022). Material deteriorations occurring on the facades of the Mor Sergios Bakhos Church. Advanced Engineering Days (AED), 4, 48-51.
Karataş, L., Alptekin, A., Kanun, E., & Yakar, M. (2022). Tarihi kârgir yapılarda taş malzeme bozulmalarının İHA fotogrametrisi kullanarak tespiti ve belgelenmesi: Mersin Kanlıdivane ören yeri vaka çalışması. İçel Dergisi, 2(2), 41-49.
Kanun, E., Alptekin, A., Karataş, L., & Yakar, M. (2022). The use of UAV photogrammetry in modeling ancient structures: A case study of “Kanytellis”. Advanced UAV, 2(2), 41-50.
Karataş, L., Alptekin, A., & Yakar, M. (2022). Detection and documentation of stone material deterioration in historical masonry structures using UAV photogrammetry: A case study of Mersin Aba Mausoleum. Advanced UAV, 2(2), 51-64.
Fitzner, B., Heinrichs, K., & La Bouchardiere, D. (2003). Weathering damage on Pharaonic sandstone monuments in Luxor-Egypt. Building and Environment, 38(9-10), 1089-1103.
ICOMOS-ISCS (2008). Illustrated Glossary on Stone Deterioration Patterns, Champigny/Marne, France.
Karataş, L. (2016). Mardin Kentsel Sit Alanındaki İbadet Yapılarında Malzeme Kullanımı ve Sorunları Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Master’s Thesis, Uludağ University, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bursa, 340p.
Karataş, L., Alptekin, A., & Yakar, M. (2022). Investigation of Molla Hari (Halil) Süleyman Paşa Mosque’s material deteriorations. Advanced Engineering Days (AED), 4, 55-57.
Detection and documentation of stone material deterioration in historical masonry buildings using UAV photogrammetry: A case study of Mersin Sarisih Inn
Detection of material degradation of urban facades constitutes a preliminary activity for the preparation of any restoration response project. The traditional method for fixation relies on mechanical contact means and requires a great time effort to obtain a few preliminary points. In addition, the size of buildings and historical places make it difficult to examine the types of material deterioration, and on-site visual analyzes and current inspections by experts can also lead to human-induced errors. The development of methods based on UAV photogrammetry in order to reduce the labor force and margin of error in solving this situation brings great convenience for the detection of material deterioration in historical areas. The aim of the study carried out in this context is to document the material problems of "Sarışıh Han", a historical masonry building located in the Tarsus district of Mersin, which is of great importance for its continuity. Contributing to the documentation, detection and repair of financial problems for the preservation of the cultural heritage of the region and thus the sustainable management of the structures in the geographical region. In this context, material problems in the structure were documented using UAV photogrammetry method. In the study, the use of UAV photogrammetry to support the constraints of material deteriorations allows for more detailed results in façade analysis of material deteriorations, leading to simplification of manual and direct search procedures.
Russo, M., Carnevali, L., Russo, V., Savastano, D., & Taddia, Y. (2019). Modeling and deterioration mapping of façades in historical urban context by close-range ultra-lightweight UAVs photogrammetry. International journal of architectural heritage, 13(4), 549-568.
Bonazza, A., Vidorni, G., Natali, I., Ciantelli, C., Giosuè, C., & Tittarelli, F. (2017). Durability assessment to environmental impact of nano-structured consolidants on Carrara marble by field exposure tests. Science of the Total Environment, 575, 23-32.
Gulotta, D., Bontempi, E., Bugini, R., Goidanich, S., & Toniolo, L. (2017). The deterioration of metamorphic serpentinites used in historical architecture under atmospheric conditions. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 50(4), 402-411.
Waragai, T., & Hiki, Y. (2019). Influence of microclimate on the directional dependence of sandstone pillar weathering in Angkor Wat temple, Cambodia. Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, 6(1), 1-14.
Bello, M. A., Martin, L., & Martin, A. (1992). Decay and treatment of macael white marble. Studies in conservation, 37(3), 193-200.
Sarró, M. I., García, A. M., Rivalta, V. M., Moreno, D. A., & Arroyo, I. (2006). Biodeterioration of the lions fountain at the Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). Building and Environment, 41(12), 1811-1820.
Sanjurjo-Sánchez, J., & Alves, C. (2012). Decay effects of pollutants on stony materials in the built environment. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 10(2), 131-143.
Germinario, L., Siegesmund, S., Maritan, L., Simon, K., & Mazzoli, C. (2017). Trachyte weathering in the urban built environment related to air quality. Heritage Science, 5(1), 1-17.
Germinario, L., Oguchi, C. T., Tamura, Y., Ahn, S., & Ogawa, M. (2020). Taya Caves, a Buddhist marvel hidden in underground Japan: stone properties, deterioration, and environmental setting. Heritage Science, 8(1), 1-20.
Winkler, E. (1997). Stone in architecture: properties, durability. Springer Science & Business Media.
González, R. F., De Buergo, M. A., Martı́n, F. M., & De Azcona, M. L. (2004). Stone decay in 18th century monuments due to iron corrosion. The Royal Palace, Madrid (Spain). Building and Environment, 39(3), 357-364.
Castaño González, J. G., López de Azcona, C., & Morcillo Linares, M. (2001). Deterioration of ancient metallic elements taken from Toledo cathedral. Revista De Metalurgia, 37(4), 519–527
Hatır, E., Korkanç, M., Schachner, A., & İnce, İ. (2021). The deep learning method applied to the detection and mapping of stone deterioration in open-air sanctuaries of the Hittite period in Anatolia. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 51, 37-49.
Del Pozo, S., Herrero-Pascual, J., Felipe-García, B., Hernández-López, D., Rodríguez-Gonzálvez, P., & González-Aguilera, D. (2016). Multispectral radiometric analysis of façades to detect pathologies from active and passive remote sensing. Remote Sensing, 8(1), 80.
Guidi, G., Russo, M., & Angheleddu, D. (2014). 3D survey and virtual reconstruction of archeological sites. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, 1(2), 55-69.
Soudarissanane, S., Lindenbergh, R., Menenti, M., & Teunissen, P. (2011). Scanning geometry: Influencing factor on the quality of terrestrial laser scanning points. ISPRS journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, 66(4), 389-399.
Kraus, K. (2007). Photogrammetry: geometry from images and laser scans (Vol. 1). Walter de Gruyter.
Remondino, F., Spera, M. G., Nocerino, E., Menna, F., & Nex, F. (2014). State of the art in high density image matching. The photogrammetric record, 29(146), 144-166.
Fernández‐Hernandez, J., González‐Aguilera, D., Rodríguez‐Gonzálvez, P., & Mancera‐Taboada, J. (2015). Image‐based modelling from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry: an effective, low‐cost tool for archaeological applications. Archaeometry, 57(1), 128-145.
Hatır, E., Korkanç, M., Schachner, A., & İnce, İ. (2021). The deep learning method applied to the detection and mapping of stone deterioration in open-air sanctuaries of the Hittite period in Anatolia. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 51, 37-49.
Doğan, Y., & Yakar, M. (2018). GIS and three-dimensional modeling for cultural heritages. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences, 3(2), 50-55.
Yakar, M. (2009). Digital elevation model generation by robotic total station instrument. Experimental Techniques, 33(2), 52-59.
Alptekin, A., Çelik, M. Ö., & Yakar, M. (2019). Anıtmezarın yersel lazer tarayıcı kullanarak 3B modellenmesi. Türkiye Lidar Dergisi, 1(1), 1-4.
Yilmaz, H. M., Yakar, M., Mutluoglu, O., Kavurmaci, M. M., & Yurt, K. (2012). Monitoring of soil erosion in Cappadocia region (Selime-Aksaray-Turkey). Environmental Earth Sciences, 66(1), 75-81.
Yakar, M., Yılmaz, H. M., & Mutluoǧlu, Ö. (2010). Close range photogrammetry and robotic total station in volume calculation. International Journal of Physical Sciences, 5(2), 86-96
Alptekin, A., & Yakar, M. (2020). Heyelan bölgesinin İHA kullanarak modellenmesi. Türkiye İnsansız Hava Araçları Dergisi, 2(1), 17-21.
Taşdemir, Ş., Yakar, M., Ürkmez, A., & İnal, Ş. (2008, June). Determination of body measurements of a cow by image analysis. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Systems and Technologies and Workshop for PhD Students in Computing (pp. V-8).
Unal, M., Yakar, M., & Yildiz, F. (2004, July). Discontinuity surface roughness measurement techniques and the evaluation of digital photogrammetric method. In Proceedings of the 20th international congress for photogrammetry and remote sensing, ISPRS (Vol. 1103, p. 1108).
Erener, A., & Yakar, M. (2012). Monitoring coastline change using remote sensing and GIS technologies. Lecture Notes in Information Technology, 30, 310-314.
Karataş, L., Alptekin, A., & Yakar, M. (2022). Creating Architectural Surveys of Traditional Buildings with the Help of Terrestrial Laser Scanning Method (TLS) and Orthophotos: Historical Diyarbakır Sur Mansion. Advanced LiDAR, 2(2), 54-63.
Karataş, L., Alptekin, A., & Yakar, M. (2022). Determination of Stone Material Deteriorations on the Facades with the Combination of Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Photogrammetric Methods: Case Study of Historical Burdur Station Premises. Advanced Geomatics, 2(2), 65-72.
Karataş, L., Alptekin, A., & Yakar, M. (2022). Analytical Documentation of Stone Material Deteriorations on Facades with Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Photogrammetric Methods: Case Study of Şanlıurfa Kışla Mosque. Advanced LiDAR, 2(2), 36-47.
Karataş, L., Alptekin, A., & Yakar, M. (2022). Material deteriorations occurring on the facades of the Mor Sergios Bakhos Church. Advanced Engineering Days (AED), 4, 48-51.
Karataş, L., Alptekin, A., Kanun, E., & Yakar, M. (2022). Tarihi kârgir yapılarda taş malzeme bozulmalarının İHA fotogrametrisi kullanarak tespiti ve belgelenmesi: Mersin Kanlıdivane ören yeri vaka çalışması. İçel Dergisi, 2(2), 41-49.
Kanun, E., Alptekin, A., Karataş, L., & Yakar, M. (2022). The use of UAV photogrammetry in modeling ancient structures: A case study of “Kanytellis”. Advanced UAV, 2(2), 41-50.
Karataş, L., Alptekin, A., & Yakar, M. (2022). Detection and documentation of stone material deterioration in historical masonry structures using UAV photogrammetry: A case study of Mersin Aba Mausoleum. Advanced UAV, 2(2), 51-64.
Fitzner, B., Heinrichs, K., & La Bouchardiere, D. (2003). Weathering damage on Pharaonic sandstone monuments in Luxor-Egypt. Building and Environment, 38(9-10), 1089-1103.
ICOMOS-ISCS (2008). Illustrated Glossary on Stone Deterioration Patterns, Champigny/Marne, France.
Karataş, L. (2016). Mardin Kentsel Sit Alanındaki İbadet Yapılarında Malzeme Kullanımı ve Sorunları Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Master’s Thesis, Uludağ University, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bursa, 340p.
Karataş, L., Alptekin, A., & Yakar, M. (2022). Investigation of Molla Hari (Halil) Süleyman Paşa Mosque’s material deteriorations. Advanced Engineering Days (AED), 4, 55-57.
Karataş, L., Alptekin, A., Karabacak, A., Yakar, M. (2022). Detection and documentation of stone material deterioration in historical masonry buildings using UAV photogrammetry: A case study of Mersin Sarisih Inn. Mersin Photogrammetry Journal, 4(2), 53-61. https://doi.org/10.53093/mephoj.1198605
AMA
Karataş L, Alptekin A, Karabacak A, Yakar M. Detection and documentation of stone material deterioration in historical masonry buildings using UAV photogrammetry: A case study of Mersin Sarisih Inn. Mersin Photogrammetry Journal. December 2022;4(2):53-61. doi:10.53093/mephoj.1198605
Chicago
Karataş, Lale, Aydın Alptekin, Atilla Karabacak, and Murat Yakar. “Detection and Documentation of Stone Material Deterioration in Historical Masonry Buildings Using UAV Photogrammetry: A Case Study of Mersin Sarisih Inn”. Mersin Photogrammetry Journal 4, no. 2 (December 2022): 53-61. https://doi.org/10.53093/mephoj.1198605.
EndNote
Karataş L, Alptekin A, Karabacak A, Yakar M (December 1, 2022) Detection and documentation of stone material deterioration in historical masonry buildings using UAV photogrammetry: A case study of Mersin Sarisih Inn. Mersin Photogrammetry Journal 4 2 53–61.
IEEE
L. Karataş, A. Alptekin, A. Karabacak, and M. Yakar, “Detection and documentation of stone material deterioration in historical masonry buildings using UAV photogrammetry: A case study of Mersin Sarisih Inn”, Mersin Photogrammetry Journal, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 53–61, 2022, doi: 10.53093/mephoj.1198605.
ISNAD
Karataş, Lale et al. “Detection and Documentation of Stone Material Deterioration in Historical Masonry Buildings Using UAV Photogrammetry: A Case Study of Mersin Sarisih Inn”. Mersin Photogrammetry Journal 4/2 (December 2022), 53-61. https://doi.org/10.53093/mephoj.1198605.
JAMA
Karataş L, Alptekin A, Karabacak A, Yakar M. Detection and documentation of stone material deterioration in historical masonry buildings using UAV photogrammetry: A case study of Mersin Sarisih Inn. Mersin Photogrammetry Journal. 2022;4:53–61.
MLA
Karataş, Lale et al. “Detection and Documentation of Stone Material Deterioration in Historical Masonry Buildings Using UAV Photogrammetry: A Case Study of Mersin Sarisih Inn”. Mersin Photogrammetry Journal, vol. 4, no. 2, 2022, pp. 53-61, doi:10.53093/mephoj.1198605.
Vancouver
Karataş L, Alptekin A, Karabacak A, Yakar M. Detection and documentation of stone material deterioration in historical masonry buildings using UAV photogrammetry: A case study of Mersin Sarisih Inn. Mersin Photogrammetry Journal. 2022;4(2):53-61.