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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>meüefd</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">1306-7850</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Mersin Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17860/mersinefd.1864139</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Mathematics Education</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Matematik Eğitimi</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Determination of Secondary School Students&#039; Informal Statistical Inference Levels</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Biçimsel Olmayan İstatistiksel Çıkarım Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi: Bir Durum Analizi</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0952-0243</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Kale</surname>
                                    <given-names>Fatih</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Mersin</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7251-4607</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Coşkuntuncel</surname>
                                    <given-names>Orkun</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>MERSİN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, EĞİTİM FAKÜLTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260428">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>28</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>22</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>164</fpage>
                                        <lpage>178</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20260115">
                        <day>01</day>
                        <month>15</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260413">
                        <day>04</day>
                        <month>13</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2005, Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2005</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>The aim of this study is to investigate the informal inferential statistical reasoning (IISR) skills of middle school students (5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th grades) within the framework of three components: Generalizing Beyond Data (GBD), Data as Evidence (DAE), and Probabilistic Language (PL). Adopting a qualitative case study design, the study was conducted with 198 students attending four different public middle schools in Mersin. Data were collected through five open-ended tasks based on daily life contexts and analyzed using descriptive analysis. The findings revealed that students demonstrated the highest performance in the &quot;Data as Evidence&quot; (DAE) level, where they could provide data-based justifications. In contrast, skills for &quot;Generalizing Beyond Data&quot; (GBD) remained at a moderate level under the influence of contextual factors, while the use of &quot;Probabilistic Language&quot; (PL), a higher dimension of statistical thinking, was found to be quite low across all grade levels. The use of probabilistic language showed only a limited increase among 8th-grade students. Consequently, the study indicates that while middle school students are competent in using data as evidence, they require support in making generalizations and using probabilistic language in situations involving uncertainty.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Bu araştırmanın amacı, ortaokul öğrencilerinin (5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıf) biçimsel olmayan istatistiksel çıkarım (BOİÇ) becerilerini; Makar ve Rubin (2009)’in verdiği Verilerin Ötesine Genelleme (VÖG), Verilerden Delil (VD) ve Olasılıksal Dil (OD) bileşenleri çerçevesinde incelemektir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması deseninin benimsendiği araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, Mersin ilindeki dört farklı devlet ortaokulunda öğrenim gören 198 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Veriler, günlük yaşam bağlamlı beş açık uçlu görev aracılığıyla toplanmış ve betimsel analiz yöntemiyle çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, öğrencilerin en yüksek performansı, veriye dayalı gerekçelendirme yapabildikleri &quot;Verilerden Delil&quot; (VD) düzeyinde sergilediklerini göstermiştir. Buna karşın, bağlamsal faktörlerin etkisiyle &quot;Verilerin Ötesine Genelleme&quot; (VÖG) becerisinin orta düzeyde kaldığı; istatistiksel düşünmenin daha üst bir boyutu olan &quot;Olasılıksal Dil&quot; (OD) kullanımının ise tüm sınıf düzeylerinde oldukça düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Olasılıksal dil kullanımı yalnızca 8. sınıf öğrencilerinde sınırlı bir artış göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak çalışma, ortaokul öğrencilerinin veriyi kanıt olarak kullanmada yetkin olduklarını, ancak belirsizlik içeren durumlarda genelleme yapma ve olasılıksal dil kullanma konusunda desteğe ihtiyaç duyduklarını ortaya koymuştur.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>İstatistik eğitimi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  biçimsel olmayan istatistiksel çıkarım</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  veri okuryazarlığı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  ortaokul öğrencileri</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  olasılıksal düşünme.</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Statistics education</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  informal statistical inference</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  data literacy</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  middle school students</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  probabilistic thinking.</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
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