Comparison of EMT Translator Competences to Those Demanded in the Market: A Case Study on Turkey

Yıl 2023, , 213 - 240, 15.03.2023

Serap Durmuş

https://doi.org/10.56720/mevzu.1211586

Öz

This study aims to investigate translator competence desired in the Tur-kish market, and to compare them to the competences determined by the European Union in order to provide an insight regarding the employability of Turkish translators in the global market.The first section presents the notion of competence in general while the second section handles translator competence from various perspectives, with specific emphasis on competences suggested by the EU. Later on, the method for the analysis has been elaborated. Finally, the findings have been presented with graphics and then discussed. This study has been carried out utilising content analysis in order to identify the differences between the competences listed by EMT expert group (the EU) and those demanded in the market. The analysis has been performed manually since it was not possible to create codes suitable for computerised processing. The job advertisements posted on the well-known job-search engine, www.kariyer.net, between November and December 2021 were chosen as the data to be examined. The ads were retrieved via Beatifulsoup which is a Python library used for Web scraping. Then the retrieved ads were coded as per the competence criteria listed by the European Union. As a result of the research, it has been seen that the translator qualifications requested in the advertisements broadcast on the internet for the Turkish market do not meet most of the EMT competence criteria. Turkish translators may not be regarded employable in the global market in the event that they shape their career paths by based on the job ads for national market.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Translation, Translator, Translational competence, EMT

EMT Çevirmen Yeterliklerinin Piyasada İstenen Kriterlerle Karşılaştırılması: Türkiye Örneği

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türkçe çevirmenlerin küresel pazarda istihdam edilebilirliğine ilişkin bir iç görü sağlamak için Türkiye pazarında aranan çevirmen yeterliliğini araştırmayı ve bunları Avrupa Birliği tarafından belirlenen en yaygın yeterliliklerle karşılaştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. İlk bölüm, genel olarak yeterlilik kavramını sunarken, ikinci bölüm, AB tarafından önerilen yeterliliklere özel vurgu yaparak, çevirmen yeterliliğini çeşitli perspektiflerden ele almaktadır. Daha sonra analiz yöntemi detaylandırılmıştır. Son olarak bulgular grafiklerle sunulmuş ve tartışılmıştır. Bu çalışma, EMT uzman grubu (AB) tarafından listelenen yetkinlikler ile piyasada talep edilen yetkinlikler arasındaki farkları tespit etmek amacıyla içerik analizi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bilgisayarlı işlemeye uygun kodların oluşturulması mümkün olmadığı için analiz manuel olarak yapılmıştır. Analiz edilecek veri olarak Kasım - Aralık 2021 döneminde tanınmış bir iş arama motoru olan www.kariyer.net'te yayın-lanan iş ilanları seçilmiştir. Reklamlar, Web kazıma için kullanılan bir Python kitaplığı olan Beatifulsoup aracılığıyla alınmıştır. Daha sonra ulaşılan reklamlar Avrupa Birliği tarafından sıralanan yeterlilik kriterlerine göre kodlanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, Türkiye pazarına yönelik olarak internette yayınlanan ilanlarda talep edilen çevirmen yeterlikleririnin, EMT kriterlerinin çoğunu karşılamadığı görülmüştür. İlanlara bakarak kendine mesleki yol çizen çevirmenlerin küresel pazarda işe alınabilirliği tehlikeye girebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çeviri, Çevirmen, Çeviri yeterliliği, EMT

Kaynakça

• Bassnett, S. (2011). The translator as Cross-cultural Mediator. In K. Malmkjær & K. Windle (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of translation studies(pp. 131-140). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199239306.013.0008
• Beeby-Lonsdale, A. (1996). Teaching translation from Spanish to English: Worlds beyond words (p. 256). University of Ottawa Press/Les Presses de l’Université d’Ottawa.
• Benjamin, W. (2007). 1 ‘The Task of the Translator’. In Transatlantic Literary Studies: A Reader (pp. 172-181). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781474470674-030
• Campbell, A. and Sommers Luchs, K. S. (1997). Core Competence-Based Strategy. London: Thomson.
• Cronin, M. (2003). Translation and Globalization. London: Routledge.
• Drugan, J. (2013). Quality in Professional Translation: Assessment and Improvement. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.
• Dryden, J. (1992). 2. On Translation. In J. Biguenet & R. Schulte (Ed.), The-ories of Translation: An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida(pp. 17-31). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/9780226184821-003
• Epstein, R. M., and Hundert, E. M. (2002). Defining and assessing profes-sional competence. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 287(2), 226–235. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.287.2.226
• Eser, O. (2015). A model of translator’s competence from an educational perspective. International Journal of Comparative Literature and Translation Studies, 3(1), 4-15.
• Friedrich, H. (2020). 1. On The Art of Translation. In John Biguenet & Ra-iner Schulte (eds.), Theories of Translation: An Anthology of Essays From Dryden to Derrida. University of Chicago Press. pp. 11-16.
• Gambier, Y. (2009). Competences for Professional Translators, Experts in Multilingual and Multimedia Communication. European Master's in Translation Expert Group Report.
• Geray, H. (2006). Toplumsal Araştırmalarda Nitel ve Nicel Yöntemlere Giriş. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi
• Hager, P. and Gonczi, A. (1996). What is Competence?.Medical Teacher, 18:1, 15-18, DOI: 10.3109/01421599609040255
• Hamel, G. and Prahalad, C. K. (1994). Competing for the Future. Camb-ridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
• Hoffman, R. R. (1997). The Cognitive Psychology of Expertise and the Domain of Interpreting. Interpreting, 2(1/2), 189-230. doi:10.1075/intp.2.1-2.08hof
• Int, A., Aula, P., & Muñoz Martín, R. (2009).Translator training and mo-dern market demands. Perspectives: Studies in Translatology, 13, 132-142. doi: 10.1080/09076760508668982
• İşpınar Akçayoğlu, D., and Özer, Ö. (2020). The Occupational Status of Translators and Interpreters in Turkey: Perceptions of Professionals and Translation Students. Çeviribilim ve Uygulamaları Dergisi/Journal of Translation Studies, 29(Fall), 61-82. http://10.37599/ceviri.805117
• Jakobson, R. (1959). On Linguistic Aspects of Translation. In R. Brower (Ed.), On Translation(pp. 232-239). Cambridge, MA and London, England: Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674731615.c18
• Kaş, B. (2022). Güncel Sektör Ihtiyaçları Doğrultusunda bir Çevirmen Edinci Model Önerisi /A Recommendation for Translator Competence Model in Accordance with Current Industry Needs. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey.
• Kiraly, D. (2013). Towards A View of Translator Competence as an Emer-gent Phenomenon: Thinking Outside the Box (es) in Translator Education. In: Don Kiraly, Silvia Hansen Schirra and Karin Maksymski, eds. New Prospects and Perspectives for Educating Language Mediators. Tübingen: Gunter Narr, 197-224
• Köhler, H.D. and Martín, A. A. (2005). Manual de la Sociología del Trabajo y de Lasrelaciones Laborales. Madrid: Delta Publicaciones Universita-rias.
• Köktürk Ş. and Türkmen, G. (2020). A Recommendation of Translator Competence and its Components. International Journal of Languages Education. 188-197.
• Köktürk, Ş. (2015). Uygulamalı Çeviribilim. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
• Kuznik, A., and Albir, A.H. (2015). How to Define Good Professional Translators and Interpreters: Applying the Behavioural Approach to Studying Competences in the Field of Translation Studies. Across Languages and Cultures, Vol.16 (1), pp. 1–27 DOI: 10.1556/084.2015.16.1.1
• Le Deist, F. D. and Winterton, J. (2005). What Is Competence?.Human Re-source Development International. Vol. 8:1, 27-46. doi: 10.1080/1367886042000338227
• Li, D. (2000). Tailoring Translation Programs to Social Needs: A Survey of Professional Translators. Target Vol.12:1 127-149
• Macnamara, J. (2005). Media Content Analysis: Its Uses; Benefits and Best Practice Methodology. Asia Pacific Public Relations Journal, 6(1), 1-34
• Mitrani, A., Dalziel, M. and Fitt, D. (1992). Competency Based Human Resource Management. London:Kogan Page.
• Nadler, D. A. and Tushman, M. (1999). The Organisation of the Future: Strategic Imperatives and Core Competencies for the 21st Century. Organisational Dynamics, 27(1), pp. 45 – 58.
• O’Hagan, M. (2009). Evolution of User-generated Translation: Fansubs, Translation Hacking and Crowdsourcing. Journal of Internationalization and Localization, Vol.(1): 94–121.
• Okuyan, S. (2017). Interpreter Training Curriculum in Turkey: The Case of Sakarya University. International Journal of Languages’ Education and Teaching, 5(1), 618-630. doi: 10.18298/ijlet.1732
• PACTE (2000). Acquiring Translation Competence: Hypotheses and Methodological Problems in a Research Project. in A. Beeby, D. Ensinger, & M. Presas (Eds.), Investigating Translation (pp. 99-106). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.32.13pac
• PACTE Group. (2017). Researching Translation Competence. Amparo Hurtado Albir (Ed.). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
• Paz, O. (1992). Translation: Literature and Letters. Theories of translation: An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida, 152-62.
• Prahalad, C. K. and Hamel, G. (1990). The Core Competence of the Corporation, Harvard Business Review. May – June, pp. 79 – 91.
• Pym, A. (2003). Redefining Translation Competence in an Electronic Age. In Defence of a Minimalist Approach. Meta: journal des traducteurs/Meta: Translators' Journal, 48(4), 481-497.
• Pym, A. (2013). Translation Skill-Sets in a Machine-Translation Age. Meta 58 (3): 487–503. doi:10.7202/1025047ar.
• Pym, A., Grin, F., Sfreddo, C. and Chan, A. L.J. (2012). The Status of the Translation Profession in the European Union. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union ISBN 978-92-79-25021-7 doi:10.2782/63429
• Scarborough, H. (1998). Path(ological) Dependency? Core Competencies from an Organisational Perspective. British Journal of Management. Vol.9, pp. 219 – 232.
• Shreve, G. M. (1997). Cognition and the Evolution of Translation Compe-tence. In J. H. Danks, G. M. Shreve, S. B. Fountain, & M. McBeath (Eds.), Cognitive Processes in Translation and Interpreting(pp. 120-136). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
• The Council of Higher Education. List of Undergraduate and associate programmes at Turkish universities. Accessed on 07.02.2023 from https://yokatlas.yok.gov.tr/lisans-bolum.php?b=97174
• Valero-Garces, C. and Toudic, D. (2015). Technological Innovation and Translation.Training Translators in the EU for the 21st century. In Verbeia: Journal of English and Spanish Studies, Vol.0 pp.183-202 ISSN 2444-1333
• Weinert, F. E. (2001): “Vergleichende Leistungsmessung in Schulen – Eine umstrittene Selbstverständlichkeit” Weinert, Franz E., ed.: Leistungsmes-sungen in Schulen. Weinheim/Basel: Beltz, 17-31.
• Wu, D., Zhang, L. J., & Wei, L. (2019). Developing Translator Competence: Understanding Trainers’ Beliefs and Training Practices. The Interpreter and Translator Trainer. 13(3), 233-254. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750399X.2019.1656406
• Whyatt, B. (2017). We Are All Translators: Investigating the Human Ability to Translate from a Developmental Perspective. In Antonini R. Cirillo L. Rossato L. & Torresi I. (Eds). Non-professional Interpreting and Translation : State of the Art and Future of an Emerging Field of Research. John Benjamins Publishing Company.
• Yılmaz-Gümüş, V. (2013). Training for the Translation Market in Turkey: An analysis of Curricula and Stakeholders (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
• Yılmaz-Gümüş, V. (2018). Solidity and Professionalization of Translation: Turkey as a Case in Point. HERMES- Journal of Language and Communica-tion in Business, (58), 43-63. https://tidsskrift.dk/her/article/view/111661/160637