Araştırma Makalesi
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Yıl 2022, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 136, 25 - 36, 11.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.58242/millifolklor.1027613

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Referans1 Bronner, Simon J. “Folk Logic: Interpretation and Explanation in Folkloristics.” Western Folklore. 65. 4 (Güz 2006): 401-433. JSTOR. 1 Temmuz 2021.
  • Referans2 --. “Introduction: The Analytics of Alan Dundes.” The Meaning of Folklore: The Analytical Essays of Alan Dundes. (Ed. Bronner). Utah: Utah State UP, 2007. 1-36.
  • Referans3 --. Giriş. “The Study of Folklore in Literature and Culture: Identification and Interpretation.” Bronner. 67-69.
  • Referans4 --. Giriş. “From Etic to Emic Units in the Structural Study of Folktales.” Bronner. 88-101.
  • Referans5 --. Giriş. “On Game Morphology: A Study of the Structure of Non-Verbal Folklore.” Bronner. 154-164.
  • Referans6 --. Giriş. “Gallus as Phallus: A Psychoanalytic Cross-Cultural Consideration of the Cockfight as Fowl Play.” Bronner. 285-286.
  • Referans7 --. Giriş. “The Symbolic Equivalence of Allomotifs: Towards a Method of Analyzing Folktales.” Bronner. 319-327.
  • Referans8 Dundes, Alan. “What is Folklore?” The Study of Folklore. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1965. 2-3.
  • Referans9 --. From Game to War and Other Psychoanalytic Essays on Folklore. Kentucky: Kentucky UP, 1997.
  • Referans10 --. “Bloody Mary in the Mirror: A Ritual Reflection of Pre-Pubescent Anxiety.” Western Folklore. 57. 2/3 (İlkbahar-Yaz 1998): 119-135. JSTOR. 1 Temmuz 2021.
  • Referans11 --. “Projective Inversion in the Ancient Egyptian ‘Tale of Two Brothers.’” The Journal of American Folklo-re. 115. 457/458 (Yaz-Güz 2002): 378-394. JSTOR. 1 Temmuz 2021.
  • Referans12 --. “Folkloristics in the Twenty-First Century (AFS Invited Presidential Plenary Address, 2004).” Journal of American Folklore. 118. 470 (Güz 2005): 385-408. Project Muse. 6 Temmuz 2021.
  • Referans13 --. “From Etic to Emic Units in the Structural Study of Folktales.” Simon J. Bronner. 88-101.
  • Referans14 --. “Structuralism and Folklore.” The Meaning of Folklore: The Analytical Essays of Alan Dundes. Simon J. Bronner. 123-124.
  • Referans15 --. “On Game Morphology: A Study of the Structure of Non-Verbal Folklore.” Simon J. Bronner. 154-164.
  • Referans16 --. “Gallus as Phallus: A Psychoanalytic Cross-Cultural Consideration of the Cockfight as Fowl Play.” Simon J. Bronner. 285-319.
  • Referans17 --. “The Symbolic Equivalence of Allomotifs: Towards a Method of Analyzing Folktales.” Simon J. Bron-ner. 319-327.
  • Referans18 --. “The Ritual Murder or Blood Libel Legend: A Study of Anti-Semitic Victimization through Projective Inversion.” Simon J. Bronner. 382-410.
  • Referans19 Finlayson, Mark Alan. “Inferring Propp’s Functions from Semantically Annotated Text.” Journal of Ameri-can Folklore. 129. 511 (Kış 2016): 55-77. Project Muse. 6 Temmuz 2021.
  • Referans20 Freud, Sigmund. The Interpretation of Dreams. (Çev. James Strachey). New York: Basic Books, 2010.
  • Referans21 Henderson-Nichol, Ann. Giriş. “Vladimir Propp and the Structural Analysis of Folktales.” Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. Alberton: University of Alberta, 1981. 1-6.
  • Referans22 Hughes, Linda A. “Games.” American Folklore: An Encyclopedia. (Ed. Jan Harold Brunvand). New York ve Londra: Garland Publishing, 1996. 660-666.
  • Referans23 Jones, Ernest. “Psychoanalysis and Folklore.” The Study of Folklore. (Ed. Alan Dundes). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1965. 88-103.
  • Referans24 Landau, Misia. “Human Evolution as Narrative: Have Hero Myths and Folktales Influenced Our Interpretations of the Evolutionary Past?” American Scientist. 72.3 (Mayıs-Haziran 1984): 262-268. JSTOR. 1 Temmuz 2021.
  • Referans25 Liberman, Anatoly. Giriş. Theory and History of Folklore. Vladimir Propp. Minneapolis: Minnesota UP, 1997. ix-1.
  • Referans26 Paz, Octavio. Claude Lévi-Strauss: An Introduction. (Çev. J.S. Bernstein ve Maxine Bernstein). Ithaca, Londra: Cornell UP, 1970.
  • Referans27 Pike, Kenneth. “On the Emics and Etics of Pike and Harris.” Emic and Etics: The Insider/Outsider Debate. (Ed. Thomas N Headland, Kenneth L. Pike ve Marvin Harris). Newbury Park: Sage Publications, 1990, 28-48.
  • Referans28 Pike, Kenneth. Language in Relation to a Unified Theory of the Structure of Human Behaviour. The Hague: Mouton@Co, 1967.
  • Referans29 Propp, V. Morphology of the Folktale. Austin, Londra: Texas UP, 1968.
  • Referans30 Schmaier, Maurice D. “The Syntagmatic-Paradigmatic Morphology of Folktales: An Integrative Study.” Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. Indiana: Indiana University, 1972.
  • Referans31 Segal, Robert A. Myth: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2004.
  • Referans32 Sims, Martha, Martine Stephens. Living Folklore: An Introduction to the Study of People and Their Traditions. Utah: Utah State UP, 2011. Project Muse. 8 Temmuz 2021.
  • Referans33 Strauss, Claude-Lévi. Structural Anthropology. (Çev. Claire Jacobson ve Brooke Grundfest Schoepf). New York: Basic Books, 1963.
  • Referans34 Quinodoz, Jean-Michel. Reading Freud. (Çev. David Alcorn). Londra ve New York: Routledge, 2004.
Yıl 2022, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 136, 25 - 36, 11.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.58242/millifolklor.1027613

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Referans1 Bronner, Simon J. “Folk Logic: Interpretation and Explanation in Folkloristics.” Western Folklore. 65. 4 (Güz 2006): 401-433. JSTOR. 1 Temmuz 2021.
  • Referans2 --. “Introduction: The Analytics of Alan Dundes.” The Meaning of Folklore: The Analytical Essays of Alan Dundes. (Ed. Bronner). Utah: Utah State UP, 2007. 1-36.
  • Referans3 --. Giriş. “The Study of Folklore in Literature and Culture: Identification and Interpretation.” Bronner. 67-69.
  • Referans4 --. Giriş. “From Etic to Emic Units in the Structural Study of Folktales.” Bronner. 88-101.
  • Referans5 --. Giriş. “On Game Morphology: A Study of the Structure of Non-Verbal Folklore.” Bronner. 154-164.
  • Referans6 --. Giriş. “Gallus as Phallus: A Psychoanalytic Cross-Cultural Consideration of the Cockfight as Fowl Play.” Bronner. 285-286.
  • Referans7 --. Giriş. “The Symbolic Equivalence of Allomotifs: Towards a Method of Analyzing Folktales.” Bronner. 319-327.
  • Referans8 Dundes, Alan. “What is Folklore?” The Study of Folklore. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1965. 2-3.
  • Referans9 --. From Game to War and Other Psychoanalytic Essays on Folklore. Kentucky: Kentucky UP, 1997.
  • Referans10 --. “Bloody Mary in the Mirror: A Ritual Reflection of Pre-Pubescent Anxiety.” Western Folklore. 57. 2/3 (İlkbahar-Yaz 1998): 119-135. JSTOR. 1 Temmuz 2021.
  • Referans11 --. “Projective Inversion in the Ancient Egyptian ‘Tale of Two Brothers.’” The Journal of American Folklo-re. 115. 457/458 (Yaz-Güz 2002): 378-394. JSTOR. 1 Temmuz 2021.
  • Referans12 --. “Folkloristics in the Twenty-First Century (AFS Invited Presidential Plenary Address, 2004).” Journal of American Folklore. 118. 470 (Güz 2005): 385-408. Project Muse. 6 Temmuz 2021.
  • Referans13 --. “From Etic to Emic Units in the Structural Study of Folktales.” Simon J. Bronner. 88-101.
  • Referans14 --. “Structuralism and Folklore.” The Meaning of Folklore: The Analytical Essays of Alan Dundes. Simon J. Bronner. 123-124.
  • Referans15 --. “On Game Morphology: A Study of the Structure of Non-Verbal Folklore.” Simon J. Bronner. 154-164.
  • Referans16 --. “Gallus as Phallus: A Psychoanalytic Cross-Cultural Consideration of the Cockfight as Fowl Play.” Simon J. Bronner. 285-319.
  • Referans17 --. “The Symbolic Equivalence of Allomotifs: Towards a Method of Analyzing Folktales.” Simon J. Bron-ner. 319-327.
  • Referans18 --. “The Ritual Murder or Blood Libel Legend: A Study of Anti-Semitic Victimization through Projective Inversion.” Simon J. Bronner. 382-410.
  • Referans19 Finlayson, Mark Alan. “Inferring Propp’s Functions from Semantically Annotated Text.” Journal of Ameri-can Folklore. 129. 511 (Kış 2016): 55-77. Project Muse. 6 Temmuz 2021.
  • Referans20 Freud, Sigmund. The Interpretation of Dreams. (Çev. James Strachey). New York: Basic Books, 2010.
  • Referans21 Henderson-Nichol, Ann. Giriş. “Vladimir Propp and the Structural Analysis of Folktales.” Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. Alberton: University of Alberta, 1981. 1-6.
  • Referans22 Hughes, Linda A. “Games.” American Folklore: An Encyclopedia. (Ed. Jan Harold Brunvand). New York ve Londra: Garland Publishing, 1996. 660-666.
  • Referans23 Jones, Ernest. “Psychoanalysis and Folklore.” The Study of Folklore. (Ed. Alan Dundes). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1965. 88-103.
  • Referans24 Landau, Misia. “Human Evolution as Narrative: Have Hero Myths and Folktales Influenced Our Interpretations of the Evolutionary Past?” American Scientist. 72.3 (Mayıs-Haziran 1984): 262-268. JSTOR. 1 Temmuz 2021.
  • Referans25 Liberman, Anatoly. Giriş. Theory and History of Folklore. Vladimir Propp. Minneapolis: Minnesota UP, 1997. ix-1.
  • Referans26 Paz, Octavio. Claude Lévi-Strauss: An Introduction. (Çev. J.S. Bernstein ve Maxine Bernstein). Ithaca, Londra: Cornell UP, 1970.
  • Referans27 Pike, Kenneth. “On the Emics and Etics of Pike and Harris.” Emic and Etics: The Insider/Outsider Debate. (Ed. Thomas N Headland, Kenneth L. Pike ve Marvin Harris). Newbury Park: Sage Publications, 1990, 28-48.
  • Referans28 Pike, Kenneth. Language in Relation to a Unified Theory of the Structure of Human Behaviour. The Hague: Mouton@Co, 1967.
  • Referans29 Propp, V. Morphology of the Folktale. Austin, Londra: Texas UP, 1968.
  • Referans30 Schmaier, Maurice D. “The Syntagmatic-Paradigmatic Morphology of Folktales: An Integrative Study.” Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. Indiana: Indiana University, 1972.
  • Referans31 Segal, Robert A. Myth: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2004.
  • Referans32 Sims, Martha, Martine Stephens. Living Folklore: An Introduction to the Study of People and Their Traditions. Utah: Utah State UP, 2011. Project Muse. 8 Temmuz 2021.
  • Referans33 Strauss, Claude-Lévi. Structural Anthropology. (Çev. Claire Jacobson ve Brooke Grundfest Schoepf). New York: Basic Books, 1963.
  • Referans34 Quinodoz, Jean-Michel. Reading Freud. (Çev. David Alcorn). Londra ve New York: Routledge, 2004.

“Altın Çağ Geçmişte Değil, Gelecekte”: Folklor İncelemesinde Alan Dundes Yaklaşımları

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 136, 25 - 36, 11.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.58242/millifolklor.1027613

Öz

Amerikalı folklorcu Alan Dundes’ın 1960-2000 yılları arasında folklor üzerine yazdığı, yabancı dergilerde ya da özel sayılarda basıldığı için erişimi sınırlı olan çeşitli makaleleri, ölümünden sonra Simon J. Bronner tarafından The Meaning of Folklore (Folklorun Anlamı) (2007) isimli kitapta bir araya getirilmiştir. Bu makalenin amacı, Alan Dundes’ın folklorik gerecin incelenmesi ve bu inceleme sonrasında folklorun anlamına, amacına ve işlevine ulaşabilmek için kullandığı iki temel yaklaşımı ortaya koymaktır. Alan Dundes, biçimsel sorgulamaları, dolayısıyla biçimsel işleyiş konusunda Rus biçimcilerden, özellikle Vladimir Propp’un biçim bilgisi teorisinden, Çek yapısalcılardan ve Claude Lévi-Strauss’un mit çözümlemeleri konusunda uyguladığı biçimiyle
yapısalcılığın verilerinden yararlanır. Folkloru Ferdinand de Saussure’un tanımladığı biçimiyle gösteren düzlemine indirgemekle yetinmeyip aynı zamanda gösterilen düzleminde, bir başka anlatımla anlamsal ve içeriksel olarak sorgularken psikanalizin verilerini de kullanır. Dolayısıyla, bu çalışmada bu iki düzlemde (yapısal ve psikanalitik) Alan Dundes’ın kendine özgü yaklaşımı ve aralarındaki olası bağlar ortaya konulacaktır. Yapısalcı bir tutuma bağlı kalarak gerçekleştirdiği incelemesinde Alan Dundes, Propp’un hikâye anlatımında sıralı ve değişmez yapıları inceleyerek “işlev” terimiyle ifade ettiği en küçük birim için dilbilimci Kenneth Pike’den uyarladığı motifeme terimini kullanır ve bu birimleri, hem kültüre has olan “emic birim” hem Claude LéviStrauss’un ikili karşıtlıklar teorisi ile inceler. Psikanalitik incelemesinde, özellikle bilinçaltına bastırma gibi
Freudyen kavramları uyarlayarak “yansıtma” kavramını kullanır. Ayrıca, simgesel anlamlara cinsel kimlik üzerinden ulaşır; erkeklerin erilliklerini ispat etme dürtüsü içinde rakiplerini kadınlaştırmalarını, “diğeri” algısı gibi
kolektif kurgu içinde toplumun ve kültürün bastırılmış kaygılarını ve korkularını simgesel anlamlar bağlamında
inceler. Bu bağlamda, Alan Dundes, folklorik incelemesinde yapısalcı ve psikanalitik yaklaşımları bir araya
getirerek “tanımlama” ve “yorumlama” basamaklarını önerir. Tanımlama basamağında yapısalcı incelemenin
verilerini kullanarak gereci saptar; yorumlama basamağında ise psikanalitik incelemenin verilerini kullanarak
açık anlam yanında örtülü anlama ulaşır. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmada Alan Dundes’ın erkek-kadın ikili karşıtlığını içeren erkek oyunlarının rekabetçi yapısını horoz dövüşü örneği üzerinden tanımlama basamağında yapısal olarak incelemesi, yorumlama basamağında ise psikanalitik verilerle yorumlaması; tanımlama basamağında ortaya çıkan simgesel eşleşmelerin yorumlama basamağında simgesel anlamlarına ulaşması üzerinde durulacaktır. Alan Dundes’ın folklor alanına önemli bir katkısı da hem yapısalcı hem psikanalitik yaklaşımda folklorik materyali sosyal ve kültürel ifadeler yani tüm sözel ve sözel olmayan türler olarak değerlendirerek Propp’un halk anlatısı, Lévi-Strauss’un mit sınırlaması içinde kalmamasıdır. Alan Dundes, yapısalcı ve psikanalitik incelemelerini başlıca türler olan mit, atasözü, bilmece, halk anlatıları, türküler yanında ikincil türler olan halk dansı, çocuk oyunları, alışkanlıklar, jestler, bulmaca, argo, dua, kutlama ve batıl inanç üzerinden de yaparak hem simgesel anlamlara ulaşır hem de türler arası analiz yöntemiyle türler arasında simgesel eşdeğerlik kurar.

Kaynakça

  • Referans1 Bronner, Simon J. “Folk Logic: Interpretation and Explanation in Folkloristics.” Western Folklore. 65. 4 (Güz 2006): 401-433. JSTOR. 1 Temmuz 2021.
  • Referans2 --. “Introduction: The Analytics of Alan Dundes.” The Meaning of Folklore: The Analytical Essays of Alan Dundes. (Ed. Bronner). Utah: Utah State UP, 2007. 1-36.
  • Referans3 --. Giriş. “The Study of Folklore in Literature and Culture: Identification and Interpretation.” Bronner. 67-69.
  • Referans4 --. Giriş. “From Etic to Emic Units in the Structural Study of Folktales.” Bronner. 88-101.
  • Referans5 --. Giriş. “On Game Morphology: A Study of the Structure of Non-Verbal Folklore.” Bronner. 154-164.
  • Referans6 --. Giriş. “Gallus as Phallus: A Psychoanalytic Cross-Cultural Consideration of the Cockfight as Fowl Play.” Bronner. 285-286.
  • Referans7 --. Giriş. “The Symbolic Equivalence of Allomotifs: Towards a Method of Analyzing Folktales.” Bronner. 319-327.
  • Referans8 Dundes, Alan. “What is Folklore?” The Study of Folklore. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1965. 2-3.
  • Referans9 --. From Game to War and Other Psychoanalytic Essays on Folklore. Kentucky: Kentucky UP, 1997.
  • Referans10 --. “Bloody Mary in the Mirror: A Ritual Reflection of Pre-Pubescent Anxiety.” Western Folklore. 57. 2/3 (İlkbahar-Yaz 1998): 119-135. JSTOR. 1 Temmuz 2021.
  • Referans11 --. “Projective Inversion in the Ancient Egyptian ‘Tale of Two Brothers.’” The Journal of American Folklo-re. 115. 457/458 (Yaz-Güz 2002): 378-394. JSTOR. 1 Temmuz 2021.
  • Referans12 --. “Folkloristics in the Twenty-First Century (AFS Invited Presidential Plenary Address, 2004).” Journal of American Folklore. 118. 470 (Güz 2005): 385-408. Project Muse. 6 Temmuz 2021.
  • Referans13 --. “From Etic to Emic Units in the Structural Study of Folktales.” Simon J. Bronner. 88-101.
  • Referans14 --. “Structuralism and Folklore.” The Meaning of Folklore: The Analytical Essays of Alan Dundes. Simon J. Bronner. 123-124.
  • Referans15 --. “On Game Morphology: A Study of the Structure of Non-Verbal Folklore.” Simon J. Bronner. 154-164.
  • Referans16 --. “Gallus as Phallus: A Psychoanalytic Cross-Cultural Consideration of the Cockfight as Fowl Play.” Simon J. Bronner. 285-319.
  • Referans17 --. “The Symbolic Equivalence of Allomotifs: Towards a Method of Analyzing Folktales.” Simon J. Bron-ner. 319-327.
  • Referans18 --. “The Ritual Murder or Blood Libel Legend: A Study of Anti-Semitic Victimization through Projective Inversion.” Simon J. Bronner. 382-410.
  • Referans19 Finlayson, Mark Alan. “Inferring Propp’s Functions from Semantically Annotated Text.” Journal of Ameri-can Folklore. 129. 511 (Kış 2016): 55-77. Project Muse. 6 Temmuz 2021.
  • Referans20 Freud, Sigmund. The Interpretation of Dreams. (Çev. James Strachey). New York: Basic Books, 2010.
  • Referans21 Henderson-Nichol, Ann. Giriş. “Vladimir Propp and the Structural Analysis of Folktales.” Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. Alberton: University of Alberta, 1981. 1-6.
  • Referans22 Hughes, Linda A. “Games.” American Folklore: An Encyclopedia. (Ed. Jan Harold Brunvand). New York ve Londra: Garland Publishing, 1996. 660-666.
  • Referans23 Jones, Ernest. “Psychoanalysis and Folklore.” The Study of Folklore. (Ed. Alan Dundes). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1965. 88-103.
  • Referans24 Landau, Misia. “Human Evolution as Narrative: Have Hero Myths and Folktales Influenced Our Interpretations of the Evolutionary Past?” American Scientist. 72.3 (Mayıs-Haziran 1984): 262-268. JSTOR. 1 Temmuz 2021.
  • Referans25 Liberman, Anatoly. Giriş. Theory and History of Folklore. Vladimir Propp. Minneapolis: Minnesota UP, 1997. ix-1.
  • Referans26 Paz, Octavio. Claude Lévi-Strauss: An Introduction. (Çev. J.S. Bernstein ve Maxine Bernstein). Ithaca, Londra: Cornell UP, 1970.
  • Referans27 Pike, Kenneth. “On the Emics and Etics of Pike and Harris.” Emic and Etics: The Insider/Outsider Debate. (Ed. Thomas N Headland, Kenneth L. Pike ve Marvin Harris). Newbury Park: Sage Publications, 1990, 28-48.
  • Referans28 Pike, Kenneth. Language in Relation to a Unified Theory of the Structure of Human Behaviour. The Hague: Mouton@Co, 1967.
  • Referans29 Propp, V. Morphology of the Folktale. Austin, Londra: Texas UP, 1968.
  • Referans30 Schmaier, Maurice D. “The Syntagmatic-Paradigmatic Morphology of Folktales: An Integrative Study.” Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. Indiana: Indiana University, 1972.
  • Referans31 Segal, Robert A. Myth: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2004.
  • Referans32 Sims, Martha, Martine Stephens. Living Folklore: An Introduction to the Study of People and Their Traditions. Utah: Utah State UP, 2011. Project Muse. 8 Temmuz 2021.
  • Referans33 Strauss, Claude-Lévi. Structural Anthropology. (Çev. Claire Jacobson ve Brooke Grundfest Schoepf). New York: Basic Books, 1963.
  • Referans34 Quinodoz, Jean-Michel. Reading Freud. (Çev. David Alcorn). Londra ve New York: Routledge, 2004.

The Golden Age was not Behind Us but Ahead of Us”: The Approaches of Alan Dundes in Folklore Analysis

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 136, 25 - 36, 11.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.58242/millifolklor.1027613

Öz

Various essays of American folklorist Alan Dundes, which he wrote between the 1960s and 2000s and
had limited access as they were published in foreign journals and special issues, were collected by Simon J.
Bronner posthumously in The Meaning of Folklore (2007). The aim of this essay is to present two main approaches that Dundes used to analyze the folkloric material and to get the meaning, aim and function of folklore. Dundes uses structuralism according to the Russian structuralists, especially Vladimir Propp’s morphology, Czech structuralists and Claude Lévi-Strauss’ analysis of myth. Also, he not only uses the signifier plane as has been defined by Ferdinand de Saussure but he also uses psychoanalysis on the signified plane, in other words, while analyzing the meaning and context of folklore. Therefore, in this essay Dundes’ distinctive approach on structuralism and psychoanalysis and their relations will be presented. In structural analysis Dundes uses motifeme which he adapted from Kenneth Pike for the smallest unit that is described by Propp as function, the sequential and stable structures, and he analyses these units by using emic units, specific to culture, and Claude Lévi-Strauss’ binary opposition theory. In psychoanalytic analysis he adapts Freudian concepts like ‘repression’ and uses ‘projective inversion.’ He reaches symbolic meanings through sexual identity and analyses the males’ feminising their opponents to prove their masculinity, and the social and cultural repressed fears and anxieties in the collective fantasy like the sense of ‘the other’ through symbolic meanings. Hence, Dundes suggests ‘identification’ and ‘interpretation’ steps by combining structural and psychoanalytical analyses in folklore analysis. In identification he identifies the material by using structuralism; in interpretation he gets the latent meaning along with the manifest meaning by using psychoanalysis. In this context, in this essay Dundes’ structural analysis of the competitive structure of male games which have male-female binary opposition through cockfight in identification step; his interpretation through psychoanalysis in interpretation step; in interpretation his analysis of symbolic meanings of symbolic equivalences that emerged in identification will be demonstrated. Dundes’ contribution to folklore is that he does not limit himself with Propp’s folktale and Lévi-Strauss’ myth by evaluating the folkloric material as social and cultural expression that is both the verbal and non-verbal genres in both structural and psychoanalytical approaches. Dundes gets symbolic meanings and forms symbolic equivalences among the genres through cross-genre analysis by conducting his structural and psychoanalytical analyses with the major genres, myth, proverb, riddle, folktales, folk song and the minor genres, folk dance, children games, customs, gestures, puzzle, slang, prayer, toast and superstition.

Kaynakça

  • Referans1 Bronner, Simon J. “Folk Logic: Interpretation and Explanation in Folkloristics.” Western Folklore. 65. 4 (Güz 2006): 401-433. JSTOR. 1 Temmuz 2021.
  • Referans2 --. “Introduction: The Analytics of Alan Dundes.” The Meaning of Folklore: The Analytical Essays of Alan Dundes. (Ed. Bronner). Utah: Utah State UP, 2007. 1-36.
  • Referans3 --. Giriş. “The Study of Folklore in Literature and Culture: Identification and Interpretation.” Bronner. 67-69.
  • Referans4 --. Giriş. “From Etic to Emic Units in the Structural Study of Folktales.” Bronner. 88-101.
  • Referans5 --. Giriş. “On Game Morphology: A Study of the Structure of Non-Verbal Folklore.” Bronner. 154-164.
  • Referans6 --. Giriş. “Gallus as Phallus: A Psychoanalytic Cross-Cultural Consideration of the Cockfight as Fowl Play.” Bronner. 285-286.
  • Referans7 --. Giriş. “The Symbolic Equivalence of Allomotifs: Towards a Method of Analyzing Folktales.” Bronner. 319-327.
  • Referans8 Dundes, Alan. “What is Folklore?” The Study of Folklore. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1965. 2-3.
  • Referans9 --. From Game to War and Other Psychoanalytic Essays on Folklore. Kentucky: Kentucky UP, 1997.
  • Referans10 --. “Bloody Mary in the Mirror: A Ritual Reflection of Pre-Pubescent Anxiety.” Western Folklore. 57. 2/3 (İlkbahar-Yaz 1998): 119-135. JSTOR. 1 Temmuz 2021.
  • Referans11 --. “Projective Inversion in the Ancient Egyptian ‘Tale of Two Brothers.’” The Journal of American Folklo-re. 115. 457/458 (Yaz-Güz 2002): 378-394. JSTOR. 1 Temmuz 2021.
  • Referans12 --. “Folkloristics in the Twenty-First Century (AFS Invited Presidential Plenary Address, 2004).” Journal of American Folklore. 118. 470 (Güz 2005): 385-408. Project Muse. 6 Temmuz 2021.
  • Referans13 --. “From Etic to Emic Units in the Structural Study of Folktales.” Simon J. Bronner. 88-101.
  • Referans14 --. “Structuralism and Folklore.” The Meaning of Folklore: The Analytical Essays of Alan Dundes. Simon J. Bronner. 123-124.
  • Referans15 --. “On Game Morphology: A Study of the Structure of Non-Verbal Folklore.” Simon J. Bronner. 154-164.
  • Referans16 --. “Gallus as Phallus: A Psychoanalytic Cross-Cultural Consideration of the Cockfight as Fowl Play.” Simon J. Bronner. 285-319.
  • Referans17 --. “The Symbolic Equivalence of Allomotifs: Towards a Method of Analyzing Folktales.” Simon J. Bron-ner. 319-327.
  • Referans18 --. “The Ritual Murder or Blood Libel Legend: A Study of Anti-Semitic Victimization through Projective Inversion.” Simon J. Bronner. 382-410.
  • Referans19 Finlayson, Mark Alan. “Inferring Propp’s Functions from Semantically Annotated Text.” Journal of Ameri-can Folklore. 129. 511 (Kış 2016): 55-77. Project Muse. 6 Temmuz 2021.
  • Referans20 Freud, Sigmund. The Interpretation of Dreams. (Çev. James Strachey). New York: Basic Books, 2010.
  • Referans21 Henderson-Nichol, Ann. Giriş. “Vladimir Propp and the Structural Analysis of Folktales.” Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. Alberton: University of Alberta, 1981. 1-6.
  • Referans22 Hughes, Linda A. “Games.” American Folklore: An Encyclopedia. (Ed. Jan Harold Brunvand). New York ve Londra: Garland Publishing, 1996. 660-666.
  • Referans23 Jones, Ernest. “Psychoanalysis and Folklore.” The Study of Folklore. (Ed. Alan Dundes). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1965. 88-103.
  • Referans24 Landau, Misia. “Human Evolution as Narrative: Have Hero Myths and Folktales Influenced Our Interpretations of the Evolutionary Past?” American Scientist. 72.3 (Mayıs-Haziran 1984): 262-268. JSTOR. 1 Temmuz 2021.
  • Referans25 Liberman, Anatoly. Giriş. Theory and History of Folklore. Vladimir Propp. Minneapolis: Minnesota UP, 1997. ix-1.
  • Referans26 Paz, Octavio. Claude Lévi-Strauss: An Introduction. (Çev. J.S. Bernstein ve Maxine Bernstein). Ithaca, Londra: Cornell UP, 1970.
  • Referans27 Pike, Kenneth. “On the Emics and Etics of Pike and Harris.” Emic and Etics: The Insider/Outsider Debate. (Ed. Thomas N Headland, Kenneth L. Pike ve Marvin Harris). Newbury Park: Sage Publications, 1990, 28-48.
  • Referans28 Pike, Kenneth. Language in Relation to a Unified Theory of the Structure of Human Behaviour. The Hague: Mouton@Co, 1967.
  • Referans29 Propp, V. Morphology of the Folktale. Austin, Londra: Texas UP, 1968.
  • Referans30 Schmaier, Maurice D. “The Syntagmatic-Paradigmatic Morphology of Folktales: An Integrative Study.” Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. Indiana: Indiana University, 1972.
  • Referans31 Segal, Robert A. Myth: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2004.
  • Referans32 Sims, Martha, Martine Stephens. Living Folklore: An Introduction to the Study of People and Their Traditions. Utah: Utah State UP, 2011. Project Muse. 8 Temmuz 2021.
  • Referans33 Strauss, Claude-Lévi. Structural Anthropology. (Çev. Claire Jacobson ve Brooke Grundfest Schoepf). New York: Basic Books, 1963.
  • Referans34 Quinodoz, Jean-Michel. Reading Freud. (Çev. David Alcorn). Londra ve New York: Routledge, 2004.
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Türk Halk Bilimi
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALELERİ
Yazarlar

Emine Seda Çağlayan Mazanoğlu 0000-0002-9595-4899

Yayımlanma Tarihi 11 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 136

Kaynak Göster

MLA Çağlayan Mazanoğlu, Emine Seda. “‘Altın Çağ Geçmişte Değil, Gelecekte’: Folklor İncelemesinde Alan Dundes Yaklaşımları”. Milli Folklor, c. 17, sy. 136, 2022, ss. 25-36, doi:10.58242/millifolklor.1027613.
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