Kahramanmaraş Pazarcık Depreminin (6 Şubat 2023) Bireyler Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Psikososyal Yönden İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada 2023 yılında Kahramanmaraş Pazarcık merkezli depremi yaşayan bireylerin psikososyal yaşamlarına etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Nicel bir araştırma olarak planlanan bu çalışmada amaçsal örneklem yoluyla 355 deprem yaşayan bireye, deprem bölgesinde yapılan ziyaretlerle rastgele ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma, çevrimiçi ve yüz yüze görüşmeler sonucu elde edilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak demografik bilgi formuna ek olarak depremzede bireylerin psikososyal durumunu belirlemek amacıyla 20 maddeden oluşan “Deprem Sonrası Travma Düzeyini Belirleme Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilere göre katılımcıların çoğunluğu kadın, 41-50 yaş arasında ve evlidir; pek çok depremzedenin evi hasarlıdır ve çoğu yakın çevresinden kayıp yaşamıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre, depremin bireyler üzerindeki psikososyal yansımaları cinsiyet, yaş medeni durum, eğitim durumu, ekonomik durum, aile üyelerinde ve yakın çevrede yaşanan kayıplar, depremden dolayı evin hasar alma durumu gibi bazı değişkenlerden etkilenmiştir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada, deprem sonrası travma düzeyini belirleme ölçeği ve alt boyut puanları yüksek bulunmuş olup; bireylerin depremden psikososyal açıdan etkilendiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afet
• Deprem
• Travma
• Psikososyaletkiler

Psychosocial Investigation of the Effects of Kahramanmaraş Pazarcık Earthquake (February 6, 2023) on Individuals

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to examine the effects of the Kahramanmaraş Pazarcık-centred earthquake that took place in 2023 on the psychosocial lives of individuals who experienced the earthquake. For this purpose, some variables have been included in the study such as the level of psychosocial impact of the earthquake, gender, age, marital status, educational status, economic status, whether the house was damaged due to the earthquake, whether there was a loss of family members or close environment, whether there was a psychiatric disorder diagnosed before the earthquake, and the status of receiving psychosocial support after the earthquake. This study is a quantitative research and is in the general survey model. The population of the study consists of earthquake in ten provinces (Adana, Adıyaman, Diyarbakır, Gaziantep, Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, Kilis, Malatya, Osmaniye, Şanlıurfa). The sample of the study consists of 355 earthquake survivor identified through purposive sampling. In the study, data were collected online and face-to-face by voluntarily travelling to the cities where the earthquake occurred. Through online social media and snowball method, 355 earthquake survivor participated in the study on a voluntary basis. The data were analysed using SPSS 24.0. In the study, scale scores were calculated and kurtosis and skewness coefficients were analysed to determine the suitability of the scores for normal distribution. The kurtosis and skewness values obtained from the scales between +3 and -3 are considered sufficient for normal distribution (Groeneveld & Meeden, 1984; Moors, 1986; Hopkins & Weeks, 1990; De Carlo, 1997). Analysing the values, it is seen that the kurtosis and skewness coefficients of each score are between -3 and +3. Therefore, it was concluded that the scores were normally distributed. Given the normal distribution of the scores, parametric test techniques were used in the study. T test and ANOVA test were used to analyse the differences in scale scores depending on demographic characteristics. While t test was used in the analysis of demographic variables with 2 groups, ANOVA test was used in the analysis of variables with k (k>2) groups. The demographic information form used in the study was prepared by the researchers and consists of 14 questions. This form includes gender, age, marital status, educational status, economic status, whether they lived in the province where the earthquake occurred, whether the house they lived in was damaged due to the earthquake, whether the earthquake caused the loss of family members and close relatives, and whether they received psychosocial support after the earthquake. In addition to the demographic information form, 'Scale for Determining the Level of Post-Earthquake Trauma' will be used as a measurement tool. This scale consists of 20 items and is five-point Likert type (Tanhan & Kayri, 2013). The findings show that the majority of the participants were female, between the ages of 41-50 and married, most of the earthquake survivors faced home damage, and most of them experienced losses in their immediate environment. According to the results of the research, the psychosocial reflections of the earthquake on individuals were affected by some variables such as gender, age, marital status, educational status, economic status, losses experienced in family members and immediate environment, and damage to the house due to the earthquake. In terms of gender, it was concluded that women were more affected by the scale for determining the level of post-earthquake trauma and its sub-dimensions (behavioral problems, excitability, cognitive structure) than men. In terms of age, it was concluded that age groups were affected by the scale for determining the level of post-earthquake trauma and its sub-dimensions. Behavioral and sleep problems were found to be higher in individuals aged 30-40 years. In the emotional dimension, the average score is high in individuals aged 51 years and over. In the cognitive aspect, the mean score of those between the ages of 21-29 was found to be high. In terms of marital status, those who were married had higher scores on affect and sleep problems than those who were single and divorced. Those who were married were affected more. Consequently, the scores of the scale and sub-dimensions to determine the level of post-earthquake trauma were found to be high. It is crucial that all professionals in psychosocial support services work together in a multidisciplinary manner for the recovery of individuals.

Keywords

• Disaster
• Earthquake
• Trauma
• Psychosocial Effects

Kaynakça

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