<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>mjh</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Akdeniz İnsani Bilimler Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2146-4812</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2148-144X</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Akdeniz Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>World Languages, Literature and Culture (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Dünya Dilleri, Edebiyatı ve Kültürü (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Duyulmayanın Sesi: Kültür Eleştirisi olarak Ian McEwan’ın Fındık Kabuğu Romanı</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>The Voice of the Unheard: Ian McEwan’s Nutshell as Cultural Criticism</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Civelekoglu</surname>
                                    <given-names>Funda</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20190630">
                    <day>06</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2019</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>9</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>103</fpage>
                                        <lpage>111</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20190121">
                        <day>01</day>
                        <month>21</month>
                        <year>2019</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20190402">
                        <day>04</day>
                        <month>02</month>
                        <year>2019</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2011, Akdeniz İnsani Bilimler Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2011</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Akdeniz İnsani Bilimler Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Ian McEwan‟ın 2016‟da çıkan romanı Fındık Kabuğu, bir fetüsün dilinden sıradışı bir anlatım sergilemektedir. Romanın Shakespeare‟in Hamlet‟inin postmodern bir alımlanması olduğu yalnızca eleştir- menler tarafından değil, McEwan tarafından da kabul edilmektedir. Ancak, Ian McEwan, Gertude ve Claudius‟u diriltmek, Shakespeare şiirinin dizgelerini manipule etmek ve diğer birçok metin dışı malzemeyi kullanmaktan çok daha fazlasını başarmıştır. Roman, bir yandan metinlerarası oyunlara yer verirken, bir yan- dan da psikolojik gerilim ve polisiye kurgu özelliklerini yansıtır ve sanat ile edebiyat üzerine çeşitli bilimsel incelemeler ortaya koyar. Bu incelemeleri dikkate değer kılan McEwan‟ın amacına edebi araçların sınırlarını zorlayarak ulaşmasıdır; bir başka deyişle, yazar kurmaca ve kurgusal olmayan düzyazı türlerini bir araya getirmektedir. Hikaye doğmamış bir bebeğin bakış açısından anlatılır ve onun duydukları ve hissettikleri ile ilgili izlenimlerine dayanır. Anlatıcının bazen, parçası olduğu hayatın acı yönlerini gözlemleyip çocukça kuş- kularını dillendirirken yaşını aşan yorumlamalarda bulunması, karakterin güven ve güvensizlik uyandırması bakımından metinsel bir ikilemi de beraberinde getirmektedir. Ian McEwan, böylelikle, çıplak gözün tek başına doğru bilginin kaynağı olamayacağı gerçeğini de açıkça ortaya koymaktadır. Bu anlamda, McEwan‟ın, okuyucunun tüm romanı bir fetüsün deneyimleri üzerinden anlamasına olanak tanıyarak ve vurguyu gözden ziyade diğer duyuların önemine atıfta bulunarak aydınlanma eleştirisi yaptığı sonucuna varılabilir. Bu makale, Ian McEwan‟ın doğruluk – sahtelik, gerçeklik – yanılsama, sanat – hayat, masumiyet – suç, iyi – kötü, Eros – Tanatos gibi ikilikleri irdelemek için postmodern edebi araçları klasisizmin sözde sürekliliğini sorgulamakta nasıl kullandığını göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Ian McEwan‟s 2016 novel, Nutshell portrays an unusual narration in the voice of a foetus. The novel can be regarded as a postmodern reception of Shakespeare‟s Hamlet as is claimed by both reviewers and McEwan himself. Yet, McEwan has accomplished more than reviving Gertrude and Claudius of Hamlet, operating on Shakespearean poetics, and working with many other extratextual materials. While presenting intertextual playfulness, the novel also demonstrates the characteristics of psychological thriller and murder fiction and various treatises on art and literature. These meditations are quite noteworthy in that McEwan pushes the very limits of literary devices; that is to say, he integrates fiction and nonfiction into his novel. The story is told from the point of view of an unborn baby and is based on his impressions of what he hears and feels. The narrator is at a point between reliability and unreliability in that he sometimes vocalizes childish anxieties while observing the bitter aspects of the life he is part of and makes grave interpretations. Hence, Ian McEwan clarifies the fact that seeing cannot be the only source of true knowledge. Then, one can conclude that he is making a criticism of the enlightenment by allowing the reader to empathize with the experiences of a foetus and accentuating the significance of senses other than the eye. This article intends to show how Ian McEwan utilises postmodern literary devices to examine dualities, such as truth – falsehood, reality – illusion, art – life, innocence – guilt, good – evil, Eros – Thanatos, as instruments to question the so-called persistence of classicism.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Ian McEwan</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Nutshell</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Enlightenment</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Postmodernism</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Narrator</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Ian McEwan</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Fındık Kabuğu</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Aydınlanma</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Postmodernizm</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Anlatıcı</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Aristot. (=Aristoteles, Poetika). Source: Aristotle, Poetics. Trans. A. Kenny. Oxford 2013.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Beha C., (Interview with Ian McEwan). Retrieved on 14 January 2019 from https://www.pw.org/ content/ian_mcewans_nutshell</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Freud S. (1961). Civilization and Its Discontents. Trans. P. Gay. New York 1961.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Freud S. (1961). Beyond the Pleasure Principle. Trans. J. Strachey. New York 1961.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Holquist M. (1971). “Whodunit and Other Questions: Metaphysical Detective Stories in Post-War</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Fiction”. New Literary History Volume 3 No 1: Modernism and Postmodernism: Inquiries, Reflections, and Speculations (1971) 135-156. Baltimore. Source: http://www.jstor.org/stable/ 468384.
Retrieved 23/03/2013.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Komar K. (1994). “Feminist Curves in Literary Space”. Eds. M. Higonnet &amp; J. Templeton, Reconfigured</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Spheres: Feminist Explorations of Literary Space (1994) 89-108. Massachusetts.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Marcuse H. (1966). Eros and Civilization: Philosophical Inquiry into Freud. Boston 1966.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">McEwan I. (2016). Nutshell. London 2016.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Medley M., (Interview with Ian McEwan). “Ian McEwan Feels „A Sense of Return‟ with His New Novel, Nutshell”. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 2016, April 20. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/
books-and-media/ian-mcewan-feels-a-sense-of-return-with-his-new-novel-nutshell/article31798635/</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Nietzsche F. (1995). The Birth of Tragedy. United Kingdom 1995.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Paglia C. (1991). Sexual Personae: Art &amp; Decadence from Nefertiti to Emily Dickinson. London 1991.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Scaggs J. (2005). Crime Fiction. The New Critical Idiom. New York 2005.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Slochower H. (1970). Mythopoesis: Mythic Patterns in the Literary Classics. Detroit 1970.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Synott A. (1992). “The Eye and I: A Sociology of Sight”. International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society 5/4 (1992) 617-636.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
