Gerilla Hareketlerindeki Çoklu Erkeklikler: Kolombiya’daki M-19 Militanlarının Toplumsal Cinsiyet İlişkilerindeki Hegemonik Olan ve Olmayan Örüntüler

Year 2015, Issue: 4, 5 - 46, 01.08.2015

Luisa Maria Dietrich Ortega

Abstract

Bu makale militarist erkekliklerin direnişçi silahlı mücadele bağlamındaki oluşumunu ele almaktadır. Makale gerilla hareketlerinin çatışma ortamında faaliyet gösteren daimi ordulardan farklı bir toplumsal cinsiyet rejimi oluşturduğunu savunmaktadır. Toplumsal cinsiyet ilişkilerinin bu yeni konfigürasyonu, hiyerarşik cinsiyet ilişkilerini meşrulaştırmaktan kaçınan, alternatif ve hegemonik olmayan direnişçi erkekliklerin ve kadınlıkların oluşması anlamına gelir. Hegemonik erkeklikle ilgilenen araştırmacıların son dönemde yürüttükleri tartışmalara dayanan bu makalenin amacı, silahlı çatışma bağlamında görülen hegemonik olan ve olmayan pratikler arasında bir ayrım yapmaktır. Makale, Kolombiya’daki 19 Nisan Hareketi (M-19) (1974-1990) içindeki cinsiyet kurgularını ele alan ampirik bir araştırma vasıtasıyla, silahlı çatışma bağlamında ortaya çıkan hegemonik olmayan erkekliklerle ilgili cinsiyet perspektifli bilgi üretimine katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Üçü kadın, beşi erkek, sekiz eski M-19 militanıyla gerçekleştirilen adet yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlara dayanan bu çalışma, hegemonik örüntülerin yanı sıra görülen hegemonik olmayan cinsiyet ilişkilerinin farkına dikkat çekecektir.

Keywords

Latin Amerika, Kolombiya, Movimiento 19 de Abril, gerilla, hegemonik erkeklikler, alternatif erkeklikler, direnişçi erkeklikler, direnişçi kadınlıklar

Multiple Masculinities In Guerrilla Movements: CoExistance Of Hegemonic And Non-Hegemonic Patterns In Gender Relations Among M-19 Militants In Colombia1

Abstract

This article engages with the constructions of militarised masculinities in the context of insurgent armed struggle. It argues that guerrilla movements organisations generate a different gender regime than standing armies operating in conflict contexts. This reconfiguration of gender relations amounts to alternative, non-hegemonic constructions of insurgent masculinities and femininities that refrain from legitimising hierarchical gender relations. Resorting to recent discussions among scholars engaging with hegemonic masculinity this article aims to disentangle hegemonic from non-hegemonic practices that circulate alongside in the context of insurgent armed struggle. It aims to further the gendered knowledge production on nonhegemonic masculinities in armed conflicts through an empirical exploration of gender constructions within the 19th of April Movement (M-19) in Colombia (1974-1990). Using eight semistructured interviews with former militants of the M-19 (three female and five male) conducted in the course of fieldwork in 2010 in Bogota this research will distinguish un-hegemonic patterns in gender relations that circulate alongside hegemonic patterns.

Keywords

Latin America , Colombia , Movimiento 19 de Abril , guerrilla , hegemonic masculinities , alternative masculinities , insurgent masculinities , Insurgent femininities

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