Research Article
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The impact of migration on (re)negotiating one’s gender identity: A qualitative study on first generation of Turkish migrant men living in Sweden

Year 2020, Issue: 14, 106 - 141, 15.11.2020

Abstract

This article addresses the ways how Turkish migrant men acknowledge positioning about their gender identity with placing themselves in between of triadic categories, which can be indicated in their narratives as Turkishness, Swedishness, and the Self. While finding themselves at the intersection between three different groups and performing the role of ‘generalized other,’ migrant men negotiate, react, and respond to the gender identities that they encounter throughout the migration process. By collecting men’s narratives of their experiences, the research provided opportunities to reflect on the symbolic meaning of gender identities and manhood. The features that influence gender identities are shaped by broader factors such as culture, class, ethnicity and social hierarchies and also by the elements that arise, individual’s social interactions like their personal life stories, experiences, marriage, etc. By exploring first-generation Turkish migrant men’s positioning and understanding, this study contributes to the growing research field of treating gender as a central analytic concept for the outcomes of the migration process.

References

  • Aboulafia, M. (2016).George Herbert Mead, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
  • Appelrouth, S. and Edles. L.D. (2011). Sociological Theory in the Contemporary Era. (2nd edn). London: Pine Forge Press.
  • Arendell, T. (1997). Reflections on the Researcher-Researched Relationship: A Woman Interviewing Men. Qualitative Sociology, 20(3), 341-368.
  • Boratav, H., Fişşek, G. & Ziya, H. (2017). Turkish Masculinities. Istanbul: Bilgi University Publications.
  • Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
  • Cole, L. N. (2017). What is Feminism is Really About? https://www.thoughtco.com/what- is-feminism-p2-3026083
  • Collins, P. H. & Sırma, B. (2016). Intersectionality. Malden, MA: Polity Press.
  • Connell, R & Messerschmidt, J. (2005). Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept. Gender and Society, 19(6), 829-859.
  • Connell, R. (1995). Masculinities. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Connell, R. (2013). The Men and the Boys. Hoboken: Wiley.
  • Cronk, G. ‘George Herbert Mead’. Bergen Community College https://www.iep.utm.edu/mead/
  • Donaldson, M. Raymond, H., Richard, H. & Bob, P. (2009). Migrant Men: Critical Studies of Masculinities and the Migration Experience. Hoboken: Taylor & Francis.
  • Dywer, S. C. & Jennifer L. B. (2009). The Space Between: On Being an Insider- Outsider in Qualitative Research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 8(1), 54-63.
  • Goffman, E. (1959). The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, Anchor; 1 edition.
  • Goldberg, C. A. (2012). Robert Park’s Marginal Man: The Career of A concept in American Sociology. Laboratorium, 4(2), 199-217. Princeton Institute for Advanced Study.
  • Grillo, R. (2007). Betwixt and Between: Trajectories and Projects of Transmigration. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 33(2), 199-217.
  • Haraway, D. (1988). Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective. Feminist Studies, 14(3), 575-599.
  • Hearn, J. (1990). Men of the World: Genders, Globalizations, Transnational Times. London: Sage.
  • Hearn, J., Blagojević, M. & Harrison, K. (2013). Rethinking transnational men: beyond, between and within nations. New York: Routledge, 2013, p.251.
  • Hearn, J., Nordberg, M., Andersson, K., Balkmar, D., Gottzén, L., Klinth, R., Pringle, K., & Sandberg, L.. (2012). Hegemonic Masculinity and Beyond: 40 Years of Research in Sweden. Men and Masculinities, 15(1), 31-55.
  • Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.9707/2307- 0919.1014
  • Khosravi, S. (2009). Displaced Masculinity: Gender and Ethnicity among Iranian men in Sweden. Iranian Studies, 42(4), 591-609.
  • Mansson, Sven-Axel (1993). Cultural conflict and the Swedish sexual myth: the male immigrant's encounter with Swedish sexual and cohabitation culture. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press.
  • Mead, G. H. (2015) Mind, Self and Society: The Definitive Edition. Chicago University Press.
  • O'Reilly, K. 2008. Key Concepts in Ethnography. London: Sage.
  • Pease, B. & Pini, B. (2013). Men, Masculinities and Methodologies. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Prus, R. C. (1996). Symbolic interaction and ethnographic research: intersubjectivity and the study of human lived experience. Albany: State university of New York.
  • Schumann, S. (2011). Hybrid identity formation of migrants: A case study of ethnic Turks in Germany. European University Viadriana Frankurt.
  • Seear, K. L., & McLean, K. E. (2008). Breaking the silence: The role of emotional labour in qualitative research. In T. Majoribanks et al. (Eds.), The annual conference of The Australian Sociological Association 2008. Re-imagining Sociology: Conference Publication Proceedings (pp. 1 - 16).

Cinsiyet Kimliklerinin (Yeniden) İnşa Edilmesine Göçün Etkisi: İsveç’te Yaşayan Birinci Nesil Türk Erkek Göçmenleri Üzerine Niteliksel Bir Araştırma

Year 2020, Issue: 14, 106 - 141, 15.11.2020

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Türk erkek göçmenlerin cinsiyet kimliklerini kendi deneyimleri ve söylemleriyle Türklük, İsveçlilik ve Benlik triadik kategorilerini üzerinden nasıl konumlandırdıklarını ele almaktadır. Bu üç kategorinin arasında kendilerini konumlandırmaya çalışan İsveç’te yaşayan birinci nesil Türk erkek göçmenler ‘genelleştirilmiş öteki’ rolünü üstlenirken, göç süreci ve sonrasında cinsiyet kimliklerinin nasıl şekillendiğine dair cevaplar vermektedirler. Araştırma, erkeklerin kendi göçmenlik anlatılarını ele alarak cinsiyet kimliklerinin nasıl sembolik anlamlar yansıttığını incelemeye çalışmaktadır. Bir erkeğin cinsiyet ve sosyal kimliği farklı biçimler alabilir ve bazı kimlikler diğerlerine göre farklı sosyal ve kültürel sistemlerde öncelik görebilir. Farklı kültürel modeller erkeklerin cinsiyet rollerinin ve erkekliklik kavramının nasıl şekillenebileceğini etkileyebilir. Buna bağlı olarak şu soruyu sorabiliriz; kendilerini farklı bir kültür ve sosyal model içerisinde bulan Türk erkek göçmenler, yeni cinsiyet kimlikleri ve söylemleri arasında kendilerini nasıl konumlandırmaktadırlar? Hearn’ün de tartıştığı gibi, yeni kültürel ve cinsiyet söylemleriyle karşılaşan Türk göçme erkekler, önceki geldikleri toplumsal sistemdeki eski rolleri eleştirebilir, mesafe alabilir ve yeni benlik ve kimlik anlayışları geliştirebilirler. Bunun tam tersi olarak kendi önceki kimliklerini ve benliklerini korumayı da tercih edebilirler. Cinsiyet kimliklerini etkileyen faktörleri iki gruba ayırabiliriz. Daha kapsayıcı faktörler olarak kültür, sınıf, etnik köken ve sosyal hiyerarşileri ele alırsak eğer bunlara bağlı olarak çıkan unsurları ise bireylerin kendi kişisel yaşam öyküler, anlatıları, deneyimleri ve sosyal etkileşimleri olarak tanımlayabiliriz. Niteliksel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak, İsveç’te ikamet eden birinci nesil göçmenlerle mülakatlar sonucu şekillenen bu çalışma, cinsiyeti analitik bir kavram olarak merkez noktasına almaktadır.

References

  • Aboulafia, M. (2016).George Herbert Mead, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
  • Appelrouth, S. and Edles. L.D. (2011). Sociological Theory in the Contemporary Era. (2nd edn). London: Pine Forge Press.
  • Arendell, T. (1997). Reflections on the Researcher-Researched Relationship: A Woman Interviewing Men. Qualitative Sociology, 20(3), 341-368.
  • Boratav, H., Fişşek, G. & Ziya, H. (2017). Turkish Masculinities. Istanbul: Bilgi University Publications.
  • Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
  • Cole, L. N. (2017). What is Feminism is Really About? https://www.thoughtco.com/what- is-feminism-p2-3026083
  • Collins, P. H. & Sırma, B. (2016). Intersectionality. Malden, MA: Polity Press.
  • Connell, R & Messerschmidt, J. (2005). Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept. Gender and Society, 19(6), 829-859.
  • Connell, R. (1995). Masculinities. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Connell, R. (2013). The Men and the Boys. Hoboken: Wiley.
  • Cronk, G. ‘George Herbert Mead’. Bergen Community College https://www.iep.utm.edu/mead/
  • Donaldson, M. Raymond, H., Richard, H. & Bob, P. (2009). Migrant Men: Critical Studies of Masculinities and the Migration Experience. Hoboken: Taylor & Francis.
  • Dywer, S. C. & Jennifer L. B. (2009). The Space Between: On Being an Insider- Outsider in Qualitative Research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 8(1), 54-63.
  • Goffman, E. (1959). The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, Anchor; 1 edition.
  • Goldberg, C. A. (2012). Robert Park’s Marginal Man: The Career of A concept in American Sociology. Laboratorium, 4(2), 199-217. Princeton Institute for Advanced Study.
  • Grillo, R. (2007). Betwixt and Between: Trajectories and Projects of Transmigration. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 33(2), 199-217.
  • Haraway, D. (1988). Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective. Feminist Studies, 14(3), 575-599.
  • Hearn, J. (1990). Men of the World: Genders, Globalizations, Transnational Times. London: Sage.
  • Hearn, J., Blagojević, M. & Harrison, K. (2013). Rethinking transnational men: beyond, between and within nations. New York: Routledge, 2013, p.251.
  • Hearn, J., Nordberg, M., Andersson, K., Balkmar, D., Gottzén, L., Klinth, R., Pringle, K., & Sandberg, L.. (2012). Hegemonic Masculinity and Beyond: 40 Years of Research in Sweden. Men and Masculinities, 15(1), 31-55.
  • Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.9707/2307- 0919.1014
  • Khosravi, S. (2009). Displaced Masculinity: Gender and Ethnicity among Iranian men in Sweden. Iranian Studies, 42(4), 591-609.
  • Mansson, Sven-Axel (1993). Cultural conflict and the Swedish sexual myth: the male immigrant's encounter with Swedish sexual and cohabitation culture. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press.
  • Mead, G. H. (2015) Mind, Self and Society: The Definitive Edition. Chicago University Press.
  • O'Reilly, K. 2008. Key Concepts in Ethnography. London: Sage.
  • Pease, B. & Pini, B. (2013). Men, Masculinities and Methodologies. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Prus, R. C. (1996). Symbolic interaction and ethnographic research: intersubjectivity and the study of human lived experience. Albany: State university of New York.
  • Schumann, S. (2011). Hybrid identity formation of migrants: A case study of ethnic Turks in Germany. European University Viadriana Frankurt.
  • Seear, K. L., & McLean, K. E. (2008). Breaking the silence: The role of emotional labour in qualitative research. In T. Majoribanks et al. (Eds.), The annual conference of The Australian Sociological Association 2008. Re-imagining Sociology: Conference Publication Proceedings (pp. 1 - 16).
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Political Science, Sociology
Journal Section Research-in-Progress
Authors

Ecem Nazlı Üçok This is me 0000-0002-7582-1562

Publication Date November 15, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 14

Cite

APA Üçok, E. N. (2020). The impact of migration on (re)negotiating one’s gender identity: A qualitative study on first generation of Turkish migrant men living in Sweden. Masculinities: A Journal of Identity and Culture(14), 106-141.