GELİR DAĞILIMININ MAKROEKONOMİK BELİRLEYİCİLERİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 42, 0 - 0, 26.10.2018

Cemil Serhat AKIN Cengiz AYTUN

Öz

1980’li yıllar
sonrasında Neo-liberal politikaların uygulanması ile birlikte özellikle
gelişmekte olan ülkelerde, gelir dağılımı eşitsizlikleri görülmeye
başlanmıştır. Türkiye gibi gelişmekte olan ekonomilerde gelir dağılımının
belirleyicilerinin saptanması ve oluşturulacak politikalarda bu belirleyicilerin
göz önüne alınması gerekir.  Bu çalışmada
Türkiye’de gelir dağılımının belirleyicilerinin saptanması amacı doğrultusunda,
1980-2013 yılları arasındaki veriler zaman serisi analizi yöntemi ile analiz
edilmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca sektörel ve bölgesel olarak ücret
eşitsizliklerinin nedenleri de sorgulanmıştır. Hacker ve Hatemi’nin yöntemi ile
gerçekleştirilen nedensellik analizinde kişi başına düşen gelir, enflasyon
oranı, dışa açıklık oranı ve kamu harcamaları, dış borç faiz ödemeleri modele
açıklayıcı değişkenler olarak eklenmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre enflasyon ve
gelir dağılımı eşitliği arasında karşılıklı bir nedensellik ilişkisine
rastlanılmıştır. Türkiye’deki enflasyon olgusu ise bölgesel ve sektörel gelir
eşitsizliğinin nedenidir. Dış borç faiz ödemelerinden ülkedeki gelir dağılımına
doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi söz konusudur. Son olarak elde edilen
bölgesel gelir eşitsizliğinin ekonomik büyümenin nedeni olabileceği ve ayrıca
ekonomik büyüme ile birlikte sektörel gelir eşitsizliğinin oluşabileceği
söylenebilir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gelir dağılımı, Büyüme, Enflasyon, Dışa açıklık

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