The Use and Advantage of E-PSMA: The EANM Standardized Reporting Guideline v1.0 in Different Prostate Cancer Patients

Abstract

Imaging plays an important role in the evaluation of prostate cancer patients. In recent years, much attention has been focused on 68Ga-PSMA PET-CT in prostate cancer patients and has been widely used for staging, especially biochemical relapse-restaging and therapy response for these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate 68 Ga PSMA PET-CT imaging in initial staging-first line imaging of prostate cancer from low to high risk patients based on standard reporting system with E PSMA molecular staging.

Keywords

• E-PSMA
• PET-CT
• Prostate cancer
• PSMA PET

References

1. P Perera, M., Papa, N., Christidis, D., Wetherell, D., Hofman, M. S., Murphy, D. G., Bolton, D., & Lawrentschuk, N. (2016). Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictors of Positive 68Ga-Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography in Advanced Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. European urology, 70(6), 926–937. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2016.06.021
2. Mottet, N., Bellmunt, J., Bolla, M., Briers, E., Cumberbatch, M. G., De Santis, M., Fossati, N., Gross, T., Henry, A. M., Joniau, S., Lam, T. B., Mason, M. D., Matveev, V. B., Moldovan, P. C., van den Bergh, R. C. N., Van den Broeck, T., van der Poel, H. G., van der Kwast, T. H., Rouvière, O., Schoots, I. G., … Cornford, P. (2017). EAU-ESTRO-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer. Part 1: Screening, Diagnosis, and Local Treatment with Curative Intent. European urology, 71(4), 618–629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2016.08.003
3. Heidenreich, A., Bastian, P. J., Bellmunt, J., Bolla, M., Joniau, S., van der Kwast, T., Mason, M., Matveev, V., Wiegel, T., Zattoni, F., Mottet, N., & European Association of Urology (2014). EAU guidelines on prostate cancer. part 1: screening, diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intent-update 2013. European urology, 65(1), 124–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2013.09.046
4. Maurer, T., Gschwend, J. E., Rauscher, I., Souvatzoglou, M., Haller, B., Weirich, G., Wester, H. J., Heck, M., Kübler, H., Beer, A. J., Schwaiger, M., & Eiber, M. (2016). Diagnostic Efficacy of (68)Gallium-PSMA Positron Emission Tomography Compared to Conventional Imaging for Lymph Node Staging of 130 Consecutive Patients with Intermediate to High Risk Prostate Cancer. The Journal of urology, 195(5), 1436–1443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2015.12.025 Dewes, S., Schiller, K., Sauter, K., Eiber, M., Maurer, T., Schwaiger, M., Gschwend, J. E., Combs, S. E., & Habl, G. (2016). Integration of (68)Ga-PSMA-PET imaging in planning of primary definitive radiotherapy in prostate cancer: a retrospective study. Radiation oncology (London, England), 11, 73. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13014-016-0646-2
5. Shakespeare T. P. (2015). Effect of prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography on the decision-making of radiation oncologists. Radiation oncology (London, England), 10, 233. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13014-015-0548-8
6. Roach, P. J., Francis, R., Emmett, L., Hsiao, E., Kneebone, A., Hruby, G., Eade, T., Nguyen, Q. A., Thompson, B. D., Cusick, T., McCarthy, M., Tang, C., Ho, B., Stricker, P. D., & Scott, A. M. (2018). The Impact of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT on Management Intent in Prostate Cancer: Results of an Australian Prospective Multicenter Study. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 59(1), 82–88. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.117.197160
7. Fendler, W. P., Schmidt, D. F., Wenter, V., Thierfelder, K. M., Zach, C., Stief, C., Bartenstein, P., Kirchner, T., Gildehaus, F. J., Gratzke, C., & Faber, C. (2016). 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT Detects the Location and Extent of Primary Prostate Cancer. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 57(11), 1720–1725. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.116.172627.
8. Kuten, J., Mabjeesh, N. J., Lerman, H., Levine, C., Barnes, S., & Even-Sapir, E. (2019). Ga-PSMA PET/CT Staging of Newly Diagnosed Intermediate- and High-Risk Prostate Cancer. The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ, 21(2), 100–104.

9. Ceci, F., Oprea-Lager, D. E., Emmett, L., Adam, J. A., Bomanji, J., Czernin, J., Eiber, M., Haberkorn, U., Hofman, M. S., Hope, T. A., Kumar, R., Rowe, S. P., Schwarzenboeck, S. M., Fanti, S., & Herrmann, K. (2021). E-PSMA: the EANM standardized reporting guidelines v1.0 for PSMA-PET. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 48(5), 1626–1638. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-021-05245-y
10. Pfob, C. H., Ziegler, S., Graner, F. P., Köhner, M., Schachoff, S., Blechert, B., Wester, H. J., Scheidhauer, K., Schwaiger, M., Maurer, T., & Eiber, M. (2016). Biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of (68)Ga-PSMA HBED CC-a PSMA specific probe for PET imaging of prostate cancer. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 43(11), 1962–1970. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-016-3424-3
11. Eiber, M., Herrmann, K., Calais, J., Hadaschik, B., Giesel, F. L., Hartenbach, M., Hope, T., Reiter, R., Maurer, T., Weber, W. A., & Fendler, W. P. (2018). Prostate Cancer Molecular Imaging Standardized Evaluation (PROMISE): Proposed miTNM Classification for the Interpretation of PSMA-Ligand PET/CT. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 59(3), 469–478. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.117.198119
12. Sweat, S. D., Pacelli, A., Murphy, G. P., & Bostwick, D. G. (1998). Prostate-specific membrane antigen expression is greatest in prostate adenocarcinoma and lymph node metastases. Urology, 52(4), 637–640. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0090-4295(98)00278-7