Araştırma Makalesi
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Yeni Riskler, Yeni İroniler

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 18 - 37, 04.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.17572/mj2025.1.18-37

Öz

Bu çalışmada belirsizlikle karakterize bir toplum biçimi olarak Ulrich Beck tarafından çerçevelenen risk toplumu kavramsallaştırması, iklimbilimi ve risk yönetimi epistemolojisi üzerinden tartışılacaktır. Bu bağlamda çalışma, doğanın ve risklerin finansallaşmasını somutlaştırma gayesiyle ekosistem hizmetlerine odaklanacaktır. İnsanın kendi dışındaki varlıklarla etkileşiminin ve birlikteliğinin simetrik bir ilişkisellikten ziyade, yönetimselliğe evrildiği modern hâkim yapılanma, risk toplumunun belirsizliği içinde serpilmek için uygun koşulları bulmuş görünmektedir. Bağlantılı olarak Antroposen kavramsallaştırması etrafında doğaya yönelik müdahale biçimleri sadece ekolojik birliktelik ve sınırları değil, epistemolojik yaklaşımları da dönüştürmekte; risklerin yönetimi, bilginin üretimi, keza doğanın temsil edilme biçimleri finansal stratejilerle iç içe geçmektedir. Nihayetinde bu belirsizlik, risk söylemi kapsamında finansallaştırılmış bir tercüme dolayımına tabi kılınmakta ve bu süreç Ivan Puura’nın iddia ettiği gibi göstergekırım (semiocide) fenomenine sürüklemektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Aleksiyeviç, S. (2017). Çernobil Duası Geleceğin Tarihi (A. Takanay, Çev.). İstanbul: Kafka.
  • Alnıaçık Özyer, E. T., & Çavuş Peksöz, R. (2024). Semiocide and Wasteocene in the Making: The Case of Adana Landfill. Biosemiotics, 17(1), 49-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12304-023-09539-6
  • Anthropocene Curriculum → Conversation with Jan Zalasiewicz. (2022). 22 Şubat 2025, https://www.anthropocene-curriculum.org//contribution/conversation-with-jan-zalasiewicz
  • Asia Pulp & Paper (APP) Sinar Mas is maintaining the top ranking for Environmental Performance from CDP Duplicate. (t.y.). Erişim tarihi 04 Mart 2025, https://app.co.id/sustainability/forest
  • Atkinson, W. (2007). Beck, individualization and the death of class: A critique. The British Journal of Sociology, 58(3), 349-366. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2007.00155.x
  • Author, N. (2022, Aralık 20). Epoch or event? Defining the Anthropocene. Erişim tarihi 4 Mart 2025, Physics World website: https://physicsworld.com/a/epoch-or-event-defining-the-anthropocene/
  • Bachelard, G. (2013). Bilimsel Zihnin Oluşumu (A. Tümertekin, Çev.). İstanbul: İthaki.
  • Baffoni, S. (2020, Temmuz 16). Asia Pulp and Paper found guilty of peatland clearance and fuelling forest fires in Indonesia. 04 Mart 2025, Environmental Paper Network: https://environmentalpaper.org/2020/07/asia-pulp-and-paper-found-guilty-of-peatland-clearance-and-fuelling-forest-fires-in-indonesia/
  • Bagstad, K. J., Semmens, D. J., Waage, S., & Winthrop, R. (2013). A comparative assessment of decision-support tools for ecosystem services quantification and valuation. Ecosystem Services, 5, 27-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.07.004
  • Beck, U. (2006). Living in the world risk society: A Hobhouse Memorial Public Lecture given on Wednesday 15 February 2006 at the London School of Economics. Economy and Society, 35(3), 329-345. https://doi.org/10.1080/03085140600844902
  • Beck, U. (2013). Why “class” is too soft a category to capture the explosiveness of social inequality at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The British Journal of Sociology, 64(1), 63-74. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12005
  • Beck, U. (2019). Risk Toplumu Başka Bir Modernliği Doğru. İstanbul: İthaki.
  • Calvin, K., Dasgupta, D., Krinner, G., Mukherji, A., Thorne, P. W., Trisos, C., … Péan, C. (2023). IPCC, 2023: Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland. (First). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). https://doi.org/10.59327/IPCC/AR6-9789291691647
  • Costanza, R., d’Arge, R., de Groot, R., Farber, S., Grasso, M., Hannon, B., … van den Belt, M. (1997). The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 387(6630), 253-260. https://doi.org/10.1038/387253a0
  • Costanza, R., de Groot, R., Braat, L., Kubiszewski, I., Fioramonti, L., Sutton, P., … Grasso, M. (2017). Twenty years of ecosystem services: How far have we come and how far do we still need to go? Ecosystem Services, 28, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.09.008
  • Curran, D. (2013). Risk society and the distribution of bads: Theorizing class in the risk society. The British Journal of Sociology, 64(1), 44-62. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12004
  • De Groot, R. S., Wilson, M. A., & Boumans, R. M. J. (2002). A typology for the classification, description and valuation of ecosystem functions, goods and services. Ecological Economics, 41(3), 393-408. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8009(02)00089-7
  • Deleuze, G. (2015). Anlamın Mantığı (Yücefer, H., Çev.). İstanbul: Norgunk.
  • Deleuze, Gilles & Felix Guattari. (2015). Felsefe Nedir? (T. Ilgaz, Çev.). İstanbul: Yapı Kredi.
  • Dempsey, J. (2017). Ecosystem Services. Içinde International Encyclopedia of Geography (ss. 1-14). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118786352.wbieg0220
  • Fischhoff, Baruch, & Kadvany, John. (2011). Risk: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford ; New York: Oxford.
  • Fraser, Nancy. (2022). “Sermayenin İklimleri”, (D. Keskin, Çev.), Ekoloji: Bir Arada Yaşamın Geleceği içinde (ss. 47-89). İstanbul: Tellekt.
  • Ghosh, A. (2022). Büyük Kaos: İklim Değişikliği ve Hiç Düşünülmeyenler (İ. Uzunhasanoğlu, Çev.). İstanbul: Timaş.
  • Greenpeace Endonezya. (2023, Ekim 25). Asia Pulp and Paper Sinarmas slammed over broken no deforestation and peatland promises. Erişim tarihi 04 Mart 2025, Greenpeace Southeast Asia website: https://www.greenpeace.org/southeastasia/press/62753/asia-pulp-and-paper-sinarmas-slammed-over-broken-no-deforestation-and-peatland-promises/
  • Hacking, I. (2005). Şansın Terbiye Edilişi (M. Moralı, Çev.). İstanbul:Metis.
  • Hacking, I. (2016). Olasılığın Doğuşu (İ. Özdabak, Çev.). İstanbul:Alfa.
  • Haraway, D. J. (2016). Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene. London: Duke University Press.
  • Hawking, S. (2012). Büyük Tasarım (S. Öğünç, Çev.). İstanbul: Doğan Kitap.
  • Hendlin, Y. H. (2024). Semiocide as Negation: Review of Michael Marder’s Dump Philosophy. Biosemiotics, 17(1), 233-255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12304-024-09558-x
  • Hoffmeyer, J. (2009). Biosemiotics: An Examination into the Signs of Life and the Life of Signs (Illustrated edition; D. Favareau, Ed.). Scranton, Pa.: University of Scranton Press.
  • Hulme, M. (2016). İklim Değişikliği Konusunda Neden Anlaşamıyoruz? (M. Özenç, Çev.). İstanbul: Alfa.
  • International Union of Geological Sciences. (2024, Mart 20). The Anthropocene. https://www.iugs.org/_files/ugd/f1fc07_40d1a7ed58de458c9f8f24de5e739663.pdf?index=true
  • IPCC. (t.y.). About—IPCC. Geliş tarihi 23 Şubat 2025, gönderen https://www.ipcc.ch/about/
  • Jong, A. (2022). World Risk Society and Constructing Cosmopolitan Realities: A Bourdieusian Critique of Risk Society. Frontiers in Sociology, 7, 797321. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2022.797321
  • Kasperson, R. E., Renn, O., Slovic, P., Brown, H. S., Emel, J., Goble, R., … Ratick, S. (1988). The Social Amplification of Risk: A Conceptual Framework. Risk Analysis, 8(2), 177-187. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1988.tb01168.x
  • Lidskog, R., & Waterton, C. (2016). Anthropocene – a cautious welcome from environmental sociology? Environmental Sociology, 2(4), 395-406. https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2016.1210841
  • Maran, T. (2013). Enchantment of the past and semiocide. Remembering Ivar Puura. Sign Systems Studies, 41(1), 146-149. https://doi.org/10.12697/SSS.2013.41.1.09
  • Maran, T., & Kull, K. (2014). Ecosemiotics: Main Principles and Current Developments. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 96(1), 41-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/geob.12035
  • Marx, K. (2015). Kapital: Ekonomi politiğin eleştirisi (8. basım; N. S. Mehmet Selik, Çev.). İstanbul: Yordam.
  • Moore, J. W. (2017). Hayatın Dokusundaki Kapitalizm Sermaye Birikimi ve Ekoloji (A. Munzur, Çev.). İstanbul: Epos.
  • Moore, J. W., & Patel, R. (2019). Yedi Ucuz Şey Üzerinden Dünya Tarihi Kapitalizm, Doğa ve Gezegenin Geleceği Hakkında Bir Rehber (S. Gündüz, Çev.). Kolektif Kitap.
  • Mythen, G. (2005). From ‘Goods’ to ‘Bads’? Revisiting the Political Economy of Risk. Sociological Research Online, 10(3), 191-203. https://doi.org/10.5153/sro.1140
  • Mythen, G. (2021). The Critical Theory of World Risk Society: A Retrospective Analysis. Risk Analysis, 41, 533-543. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13159
  • Nielsen, S. N. (2016). Second order cybernetics and semiotics in ecological systems—Where complexity really begins. Ecological Modelling, 319, 119-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.08.006
  • Önder-Özşeker, F. (2024). Ormanı Planlamak: Planlama Aklının Bir Eleştirisi. Istanbul: Metis.
  • Portes, Alejandro. (2010). Reflections on a Common Theme: Establishing the Phenomenon, Adumbration and Ideal Types. İçinde Calhouni, Craig (Ed.), Robert K. Merton: Sociology of Science and Sociology As Science (ss. 32-53). Columbia University Press.
  • Primmer, E., & Furman, E. (2024). How have measuring, mapping and valuation enhanced governance of ecosystem services? Ecosystem Services, 67, 101612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101612
  • Puura, I. (2013). Nature in our memory. Sign Systems Studies, 41(1), 150-153. https://doi.org/10.12697/SSS.2013.41.1.10
  • Radkau, J. (2017). Doğa ve İktidar Global Bir Çevre Tarihi (N. Güder, Çev.). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Scott, J. C. (2020). Devlet Gibi Görmek: Bazı Toplumsal Kalkınma Planlarının Başarısızlık Hikayeleri (O. Karakaş, Çev.). Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Servigne, P., & Stevens, R. (2024). Her Şey Nasıl Çökebilir ?: Şimdiki Nesiller İçin Çöküşbilim Elkitabı (A. Çakmakçı, Çev.). Türkiye İş Bankası.
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  • Wimmer, J., & Quandt, T. (2006). Living in the Risk Society: An interview with Ulrich Beck. Journalism Studies, 7(2), 336-347. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616700600645461
  • Zalasiewicz, J., Waters, C. N., Summerhayes, C. P., Wolfe, A. P., Barnosky, A. D., Cearreta, A., … Williams, M. (2017). The Working Group on the Anthropocene: Summary of evidence and interim recommendations. Anthropocene, 19, 55-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2017.09.001
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New Risks, New Ironies

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 18 - 37, 04.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.17572/mj2025.1.18-37

Öz

This study discusses Ulrich Beck's conceptualization of the risk society as a form of society characterized by uncertainty through the epistemology of climatology and risk management. In this context, the discussion will focus on ecosystem services to provide a tangible illustration of the financialization of nature and risks. The modern dominant configuration, in which human interaction and coexistence with non-human entities has evolved from a symmetrical relationality to governmentality, appears to have found fertile ground within the uncertainty of the risk society. Correspondingly, within the concept of the Anthropocene, interventions in nature transform not only ecological relations and boundaries, but also epistemological approaches; the management of risks, the production of knowledge, and the modes in which nature is represented are intertwined with financial strategies. Ultimately, however, this uncertainty is subjected to a financialized translation within the discourse of risk, a process which, as Ivan Puura argues, leads to the phenomenon of semiocide.

Kaynakça

  • Aleksiyeviç, S. (2017). Çernobil Duası Geleceğin Tarihi (A. Takanay, Çev.). İstanbul: Kafka.
  • Alnıaçık Özyer, E. T., & Çavuş Peksöz, R. (2024). Semiocide and Wasteocene in the Making: The Case of Adana Landfill. Biosemiotics, 17(1), 49-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12304-023-09539-6
  • Anthropocene Curriculum → Conversation with Jan Zalasiewicz. (2022). 22 Şubat 2025, https://www.anthropocene-curriculum.org//contribution/conversation-with-jan-zalasiewicz
  • Asia Pulp & Paper (APP) Sinar Mas is maintaining the top ranking for Environmental Performance from CDP Duplicate. (t.y.). Erişim tarihi 04 Mart 2025, https://app.co.id/sustainability/forest
  • Atkinson, W. (2007). Beck, individualization and the death of class: A critique. The British Journal of Sociology, 58(3), 349-366. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2007.00155.x
  • Author, N. (2022, Aralık 20). Epoch or event? Defining the Anthropocene. Erişim tarihi 4 Mart 2025, Physics World website: https://physicsworld.com/a/epoch-or-event-defining-the-anthropocene/
  • Bachelard, G. (2013). Bilimsel Zihnin Oluşumu (A. Tümertekin, Çev.). İstanbul: İthaki.
  • Baffoni, S. (2020, Temmuz 16). Asia Pulp and Paper found guilty of peatland clearance and fuelling forest fires in Indonesia. 04 Mart 2025, Environmental Paper Network: https://environmentalpaper.org/2020/07/asia-pulp-and-paper-found-guilty-of-peatland-clearance-and-fuelling-forest-fires-in-indonesia/
  • Bagstad, K. J., Semmens, D. J., Waage, S., & Winthrop, R. (2013). A comparative assessment of decision-support tools for ecosystem services quantification and valuation. Ecosystem Services, 5, 27-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.07.004
  • Beck, U. (2006). Living in the world risk society: A Hobhouse Memorial Public Lecture given on Wednesday 15 February 2006 at the London School of Economics. Economy and Society, 35(3), 329-345. https://doi.org/10.1080/03085140600844902
  • Beck, U. (2013). Why “class” is too soft a category to capture the explosiveness of social inequality at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The British Journal of Sociology, 64(1), 63-74. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12005
  • Beck, U. (2019). Risk Toplumu Başka Bir Modernliği Doğru. İstanbul: İthaki.
  • Calvin, K., Dasgupta, D., Krinner, G., Mukherji, A., Thorne, P. W., Trisos, C., … Péan, C. (2023). IPCC, 2023: Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland. (First). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). https://doi.org/10.59327/IPCC/AR6-9789291691647
  • Costanza, R., d’Arge, R., de Groot, R., Farber, S., Grasso, M., Hannon, B., … van den Belt, M. (1997). The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 387(6630), 253-260. https://doi.org/10.1038/387253a0
  • Costanza, R., de Groot, R., Braat, L., Kubiszewski, I., Fioramonti, L., Sutton, P., … Grasso, M. (2017). Twenty years of ecosystem services: How far have we come and how far do we still need to go? Ecosystem Services, 28, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.09.008
  • Curran, D. (2013). Risk society and the distribution of bads: Theorizing class in the risk society. The British Journal of Sociology, 64(1), 44-62. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12004
  • De Groot, R. S., Wilson, M. A., & Boumans, R. M. J. (2002). A typology for the classification, description and valuation of ecosystem functions, goods and services. Ecological Economics, 41(3), 393-408. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8009(02)00089-7
  • Deleuze, G. (2015). Anlamın Mantığı (Yücefer, H., Çev.). İstanbul: Norgunk.
  • Deleuze, Gilles & Felix Guattari. (2015). Felsefe Nedir? (T. Ilgaz, Çev.). İstanbul: Yapı Kredi.
  • Dempsey, J. (2017). Ecosystem Services. Içinde International Encyclopedia of Geography (ss. 1-14). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118786352.wbieg0220
  • Fischhoff, Baruch, & Kadvany, John. (2011). Risk: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford ; New York: Oxford.
  • Fraser, Nancy. (2022). “Sermayenin İklimleri”, (D. Keskin, Çev.), Ekoloji: Bir Arada Yaşamın Geleceği içinde (ss. 47-89). İstanbul: Tellekt.
  • Ghosh, A. (2022). Büyük Kaos: İklim Değişikliği ve Hiç Düşünülmeyenler (İ. Uzunhasanoğlu, Çev.). İstanbul: Timaş.
  • Greenpeace Endonezya. (2023, Ekim 25). Asia Pulp and Paper Sinarmas slammed over broken no deforestation and peatland promises. Erişim tarihi 04 Mart 2025, Greenpeace Southeast Asia website: https://www.greenpeace.org/southeastasia/press/62753/asia-pulp-and-paper-sinarmas-slammed-over-broken-no-deforestation-and-peatland-promises/
  • Hacking, I. (2005). Şansın Terbiye Edilişi (M. Moralı, Çev.). İstanbul:Metis.
  • Hacking, I. (2016). Olasılığın Doğuşu (İ. Özdabak, Çev.). İstanbul:Alfa.
  • Haraway, D. J. (2016). Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene. London: Duke University Press.
  • Hawking, S. (2012). Büyük Tasarım (S. Öğünç, Çev.). İstanbul: Doğan Kitap.
  • Hendlin, Y. H. (2024). Semiocide as Negation: Review of Michael Marder’s Dump Philosophy. Biosemiotics, 17(1), 233-255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12304-024-09558-x
  • Hoffmeyer, J. (2009). Biosemiotics: An Examination into the Signs of Life and the Life of Signs (Illustrated edition; D. Favareau, Ed.). Scranton, Pa.: University of Scranton Press.
  • Hulme, M. (2016). İklim Değişikliği Konusunda Neden Anlaşamıyoruz? (M. Özenç, Çev.). İstanbul: Alfa.
  • International Union of Geological Sciences. (2024, Mart 20). The Anthropocene. https://www.iugs.org/_files/ugd/f1fc07_40d1a7ed58de458c9f8f24de5e739663.pdf?index=true
  • IPCC. (t.y.). About—IPCC. Geliş tarihi 23 Şubat 2025, gönderen https://www.ipcc.ch/about/
  • Jong, A. (2022). World Risk Society and Constructing Cosmopolitan Realities: A Bourdieusian Critique of Risk Society. Frontiers in Sociology, 7, 797321. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2022.797321
  • Kasperson, R. E., Renn, O., Slovic, P., Brown, H. S., Emel, J., Goble, R., … Ratick, S. (1988). The Social Amplification of Risk: A Conceptual Framework. Risk Analysis, 8(2), 177-187. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1988.tb01168.x
  • Lidskog, R., & Waterton, C. (2016). Anthropocene – a cautious welcome from environmental sociology? Environmental Sociology, 2(4), 395-406. https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2016.1210841
  • Maran, T. (2013). Enchantment of the past and semiocide. Remembering Ivar Puura. Sign Systems Studies, 41(1), 146-149. https://doi.org/10.12697/SSS.2013.41.1.09
  • Maran, T., & Kull, K. (2014). Ecosemiotics: Main Principles and Current Developments. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 96(1), 41-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/geob.12035
  • Marx, K. (2015). Kapital: Ekonomi politiğin eleştirisi (8. basım; N. S. Mehmet Selik, Çev.). İstanbul: Yordam.
  • Moore, J. W. (2017). Hayatın Dokusundaki Kapitalizm Sermaye Birikimi ve Ekoloji (A. Munzur, Çev.). İstanbul: Epos.
  • Moore, J. W., & Patel, R. (2019). Yedi Ucuz Şey Üzerinden Dünya Tarihi Kapitalizm, Doğa ve Gezegenin Geleceği Hakkında Bir Rehber (S. Gündüz, Çev.). Kolektif Kitap.
  • Mythen, G. (2005). From ‘Goods’ to ‘Bads’? Revisiting the Political Economy of Risk. Sociological Research Online, 10(3), 191-203. https://doi.org/10.5153/sro.1140
  • Mythen, G. (2021). The Critical Theory of World Risk Society: A Retrospective Analysis. Risk Analysis, 41, 533-543. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13159
  • Nielsen, S. N. (2016). Second order cybernetics and semiotics in ecological systems—Where complexity really begins. Ecological Modelling, 319, 119-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.08.006
  • Önder-Özşeker, F. (2024). Ormanı Planlamak: Planlama Aklının Bir Eleştirisi. Istanbul: Metis.
  • Portes, Alejandro. (2010). Reflections on a Common Theme: Establishing the Phenomenon, Adumbration and Ideal Types. İçinde Calhouni, Craig (Ed.), Robert K. Merton: Sociology of Science and Sociology As Science (ss. 32-53). Columbia University Press.
  • Primmer, E., & Furman, E. (2024). How have measuring, mapping and valuation enhanced governance of ecosystem services? Ecosystem Services, 67, 101612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101612
  • Puura, I. (2013). Nature in our memory. Sign Systems Studies, 41(1), 150-153. https://doi.org/10.12697/SSS.2013.41.1.10
  • Radkau, J. (2017). Doğa ve İktidar Global Bir Çevre Tarihi (N. Güder, Çev.). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Scott, J. C. (2020). Devlet Gibi Görmek: Bazı Toplumsal Kalkınma Planlarının Başarısızlık Hikayeleri (O. Karakaş, Çev.). Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Servigne, P., & Stevens, R. (2024). Her Şey Nasıl Çökebilir ?: Şimdiki Nesiller İçin Çöküşbilim Elkitabı (A. Çakmakçı, Çev.). Türkiye İş Bankası.
  • Sloterdijk, P. (2023). 20. Yüzyılda Ne Oldu? (M. Tüzel, Çev.). İstanbul:Tellekt.
  • Uexküll, J. von. (2023). Hayvan ve İnsan Dünyalarında Keşif Gezileri (E. Alnıaçık, Çev.). İstanbul: Norgunk.
  • Victor, P. A. (2020). Cents and nonsense: A critical appraisal of the monetary valuation of nature. Ecosystem Services, 42, 101076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101076
  • Virilio, P. (2021). Hız ve Politika (M. Cansever, Çev.). İstanbul: Metis.
  • Wang, L., Zheng, H., Chen, Y., Ouyang, Z., & Hu, X. (2022). Systematic review of ecosystem services flow measurement: Main concepts, methods, applications and future directions. Ecosystem Services, 58, 101479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2022.101479
  • Wark, M. (2020). Moleküler Kızıl Antroposen Çağının Teorisi (C. Yardımcı, Çev.). İstanbul: Metis.
  • Westman, W. E. (1977). How Much Are Nature’s Services Worth? Science, 197(4307), 960-964. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.197.4307.960
  • WWF. (t.y.). History of deforestation SMG/APP. Geliş tarihi 04 Mart 2025, gönderen https://wwf.panda.org/discover/our_focus/forests_practice/forestry/pulp_and_paper/monitoring_the_industry_/monitoring_the_industry_smg_app_2/
  • Wimmer, J., & Quandt, T. (2006). Living in the Risk Society: An interview with Ulrich Beck. Journalism Studies, 7(2), 336-347. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616700600645461
  • Zalasiewicz, J., Waters, C. N., Summerhayes, C. P., Wolfe, A. P., Barnosky, A. D., Cearreta, A., … Williams, M. (2017). The Working Group on the Anthropocene: Summary of evidence and interim recommendations. Anthropocene, 19, 55-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2017.09.001
  • Zinn, J. O. (2016). Living in the Anthropocene: Towards a risk-taking society. Environmental Sociology, 2(4), 385-394. https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2016.1233605
  • Zizek, S. (2023). Olay (O. Gayretli, Çev.). İstanbul: Monokl.
Toplam 63 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Çevre ve Kültür
Bölüm Makaleler (Tema)
Yazarlar

Eylül Tuğçe Alnıaçık Özyer 0000-0001-5938-5636

Yayımlanma Tarihi 4 Temmuz 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Mart 2025
Kabul Tarihi 6 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Alnıaçık Özyer, E. T. (2025). Yeni Riskler, Yeni İroniler. Moment Dergi, 12(1), 18-37. https://doi.org/10.17572/mj2025.1.18-37