IMPORTANCE OF SOME METALLOIDS IN BIOLOGICAL LIFE

Öz

Metalloids have vital importance for some organisms. The particular relationship between the metalloid and specific biological functions should be investigated further, though there are somewhat limited scientific studies on the subject. Among the roles of this specific class of chemical elements, silicon, for instance, plays an important role in the formation of valve structures in diatoms. Boron is an essential element for plants and known to be toxic for living cells when present above a certain threshold. Arsenic and antimony are toxic metalloid elements in numerous respects. Therefore, the cells have developed biochemical and molecular strategies to protect and escape from these metalloids. Another metalloid, germanium, is one of the rare elements and although its inorganic form is toxic, its organic form is used to treat many diseases. Studies have shown that there is a high proportion of Germanium metalloid in the structure of Ganoderma lucidum used in the treatment of some diseases. In addition, tellurium-containing proteins were found in the structure of some tellurium-resistant fungi. Thus, considering all this information collectively reflects the significance of the metalloids in biological life. The aim of this study is to present the importance and roles of some metalloids in biological life.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Metalloid,Boron,Silicon,Arsenic,Antimony,Tellurium,Germanium

BİYOLOJİK YAŞAMDA BAZI METALLOİDLERİN ÖNEMİ

Öz

Metalloidlerin bazı organizmalar için hayati öneme sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. Metalloidlerin biyolojik fonksiyonlar ile arasındaki ilişkilerin bilinmesi önem arz etmekte olup, nispeten az olmakla birlikte bu konuda bilimsel çalışmalar vardır ve çalışmaların artması gerekmektedir. Örneğin; Silikon, diyatomlardaki valf yapılarının oluşumunda önemli bir rol oynar. Bor, bitkiler için vazgeçilmez bir elementtir. Öte yandan, belirli bir eşiğin üzerinde mevcut olduğunda canlı hücreler için toksik olduğu bilinmektedir. Bir diğer örnek, arsenik ve antimon birçok yönden toksik metalloid elementlerdir. Bu nedenle, hücreler metaloitlerden korunmak ve kaçmak için biyokimyasal ve moleküler stratejiler geliştirmektedirler. Bir diğer metalloid olan germanyum nadir bulunan elementlerden olup, inorganik formu toksik olmasına karşılık organik formu birçok hastalığın tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalar, bazı hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanılan Ganoderma lucidum’un yapısında yüksek oranda Germanyum metalloidinin olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca bazı telluryuma dirençli mantarların yapısında telluryum içeren proteinlere rastlanmıştır. Bu bilgiler göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, metaloidlerin biyolojik yaşamda önemli yerleri olduğu dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışmadaki amacımız, bazı metalloidlerin biyolojik yaşamdaki önem ve rollerini derleyerek sunmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Metalloid,Bor,Silikon,Arsenik,Antimoni,Telluryum,Germanyum

Kaynakça

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