Voltammetric Determination of Dopamine in Pharmaceutical Preparations Using a Platinum Electrode

Bilal Yılmaz; Burak Bayrak; Yücel Kadıoglu

Voltammetric Determination of Dopamine in Pharmaceutical Preparations Using a Platinum Electrode

Abstract

The aim of this study was to develop and validate simple, fast, and reliable electrochemical techniques including cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry for the determination of dopamine in pharmaceutical formulations. These methods are based on the electrochemical oxidation of dopamine at a platinum electrode in an acetonitrile medium containing 0.1 M LiClO₄, where a clear oxidation peak appears at approximately 1.13 V. The calibration curves showed strong linearity within the concentration range of 10 to 60 µg/mL for the linear sweep, square wave, and differential pulse voltammetry methods. The precision of the methods was acceptable, with intraday and interday relative standard deviation values below 3.12%, while the accuracy was confirmed by relative error values not exceeding 4.78%. The limits of detection were found to be between 1.20 and 1.60 µg/mL, and the limits of quantification ranged from 3.60 to 4.80 µg/mL. Recovery studies indicated an average dopamine recovery of 99.9% in pharmaceutical products, and no significant interference from common tablet excipients was observed under the selected conditions. Overall, the proposed methods are accurate, precise, and practical for the determination of dopamine in Dopadren solution and may also be applied to other pharmaceutical formulations.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Nanotechnology (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Bilal Yılmaz ^*
0000-0002-8574-7570
Türkiye

Burak Bayrak
0000-0001-6550-6916
Türkiye

Yücel Kadıoglu
0000-0001-6590-7306
Türkiye

Publication Date

July 11, 2026

Submission Date

April 27, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 16, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 6 Number: 1

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA37DC39XX

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Yılmaz, B., Bayrak, B., & Kadıoglu, Y. (2026). Voltammetric Determination of Dopamine in Pharmaceutical Preparations Using a Platinum Electrode. NanoEra, 6(1), 13-20. https://izlik.org/JA37DC39XX

AMA

1.Yılmaz B, Bayrak B, Kadıoglu Y. Voltammetric Determination of Dopamine in Pharmaceutical Preparations Using a Platinum Electrode. NanoEra. 2026;6(1):13-20. https://izlik.org/JA37DC39XX

Chicago

Yılmaz, Bilal, Burak Bayrak, and Yücel Kadıoglu. 2026. “Voltammetric Determination of Dopamine in Pharmaceutical Preparations Using a Platinum Electrode”. NanoEra 6 (1): 13-20. https://izlik.org/JA37DC39XX.

EndNote

Yılmaz B, Bayrak B, Kadıoglu Y (July 1, 2026) Voltammetric Determination of Dopamine in Pharmaceutical Preparations Using a Platinum Electrode. NanoEra 6 1 13–20.

IEEE

[1]B. Yılmaz, B. Bayrak, and Y. Kadıoglu, “Voltammetric Determination of Dopamine in Pharmaceutical Preparations Using a Platinum Electrode”, NanoEra, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 13–20, July 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA37DC39XX

ISNAD

Yılmaz, Bilal - Bayrak, Burak - Kadıoglu, Yücel. “Voltammetric Determination of Dopamine in Pharmaceutical Preparations Using a Platinum Electrode”. NanoEra 6/1 (July 1, 2026): 13-20. https://izlik.org/JA37DC39XX.

JAMA

1.Yılmaz B, Bayrak B, Kadıoglu Y. Voltammetric Determination of Dopamine in Pharmaceutical Preparations Using a Platinum Electrode. NanoEra. 2026;6:13–20.

MLA

Yılmaz, Bilal, et al. “Voltammetric Determination of Dopamine in Pharmaceutical Preparations Using a Platinum Electrode”. NanoEra, vol. 6, no. 1, July 2026, pp. 13-20, https://izlik.org/JA37DC39XX.

Vancouver

1.Bilal Yılmaz, Burak Bayrak, Yücel Kadıoglu. Voltammetric Determination of Dopamine in Pharmaceutical Preparations Using a Platinum Electrode. NanoEra [Internet]. 2026 Jul. 1;6(1):13-20. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA37DC39XX