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A STUDY ON FOODS THAT BOOST THE IMMUNE SYSTEM DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Year 2020, Covid-19 Special Issue, 28 - 37, 11.11.2020

Abstract

The coronavirus (COVID-19) has spread rapidly across the world and been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. One of the ways to combat COVID-19 and other infectious diseases is to boost the immune system. It is, therefore, of utmost importance to eat well and consume foods that boost the immune system. This study investigated the effect of Nigella sativa (black seed) oil, silverberry, date, grape, Asphodelus aestivus, Rheum ribes, and carob on the immune system. There is no cure yet for Covid-19. However, scientists and healthcare professionals recommend that people eat foods that are rich in vitamins and minerals to bolster their immune system to fight COVID-19 because immunodeficiency is the Achilles' heel of Covid-19 pandemic

References

  • Referans1 .Lu, R., Zhao, X., Li, J., Niu, P., Yang, B.,Wu, H., Wang, W., Song, H., Huang, B., Zhu, N., et al. (2020a).Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet395, 565–574.
  • Referans2 .Lu, X., Chen, T., Wang, Y., Wang, J., Zhang, B., Li, Y., and Yan, F. (2020b).Adjuvant corticosteroid therapy for critically ill patients with COVID-19. medRxiv.https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.07.20056390.
  • Referans3 .C. Del Rio, P.N. MalaniCOVID-19—new insights on a rapidly changing epidemic.JAMA, 323 (2020), pp. 1339-1340
  • Referans4 . Centers for Disease Control and PreventionCoronaviurs disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation summary.Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html, Accessed 15th Mar 2020
  • Referans5 . Adalja AA, Toner E, Inglesby TV. (2020). Priorities for the US health community responding to COVID-19. JAMA. 323(14): 1343-1344.
  • Referans6 . Caccialanza R, Laviano A, Lobascio F, Montagna E, Bruno R, Ludovisi S, Iacona I. (2020). Early nutritional supplementation in non-critically ill patients hospitalized for the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Rationale and feasibility of a shared pragmatic protocol. Nutrition, 110-835.
  • Referans7 . Beck MA. (2007). Selenium and vitamin E status: impact on Viral Pathogenicity. The Journal of Nutrition, 137(5), 13381340.
  • Referans8 . Ritz BW, Gardner EM. (2006). Malnutrition and energy restriction differentially affect viral immunity. The Journal of Nutrition, 136(5), 1141-1144.
  • Referans9 . Kim SW, Su KP. (2020). Using psychoneuroimmunity against COVID-19. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity Journal, 2:1-2.
  • Referans10 . http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/ghaffar/innate.htm
  • Referans11 . http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/bowers/immune%20cells.htm
  • Referans12. http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mayer/antigens2000.htm
  • Referans13 . Aw D, Silva A, Palmer D (2007). "Immunosenescence: emerging challenges for an ageing population". Immunology. 120 (4), s. 435–446. PMID 17313487.
  • Referans14. Chandra, RK (1997). "Nutrition and the immune system: an introduction". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Cilt Vol 66, s. 460S-463S. PMID 9250133. Free full-text pdf available
  • Referans15 . Koshak A, Koshak E, Heinrich M. Medicinal benefits of Nigella sativa in bronchial asthma: A literatüre review, 2017.
  • Referans16 . Hussain DAS, Hussain MM. Nigella sativa (black seed) is an effective herbal remedy for every disease except death – a Prophetic statement which modern scientists confirm unanimously: A review. Advancement in Medicinal Plant Research Vol. 4(2), pp. 27-57, April 2016 ISSN: 2354-2152 6
  • Referans17. Majdalawieh AF, Fayyad MW. Recent advances on the anti-cancer properties of Nigella sativa, a widely used food additive, 2016
  • Referans18. Güzelsoy P, Aydın S, Başaran N. Çörek Otunun (Nigelle Sativa L.) Çörek Otunun (Nigelle Sativa L.) Aktif Bileşeni Timokinonun İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Olası Etkileri, 2018.
  • Referans19. https://www.1faydalari.com/igdenin-faydalari/
  • Referans20. Alhaider IA, Mohamed ME, Ahmed KKM, Kumar AH. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruits as a potential cardioprotective agent: The role of circulating progenitor cells. Front Pharmacol 2017;8:592.
  • Referans21.Platat C, Habib HM, AL, Maqbali FD, Jaber NN, Ibrahim WH. Identification of date seeds varieties patterns to optimize nutritional benefits of date seeds. Nutr Food Sci 2014;S8:008
  • Referans22.Guendez R, Kallithraka S, Makris DP, Kefalas P. An analytical survey of the polyphenols of seeds of varieties of grape (Vitis Vinifera) cultivated in Greece: Implications for exploitation as a source of value-added phytochemicals. Phytochem Analysis 2005;16:17-23
  • Referans23.Namiki M. Antioxidants/antimutagens in food. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1990;29:273–300
  • Referans24.Al-Farsi M, Alasalvar C, Morris A, Baron M, Shahidi F. Comparison of antioxidant activity, anthocyanins, carotenoids and phenolics of three native fresh and sun-dried date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties grown in Oman. J Agric Food Chem 2005;53:7592-7599.
  • Referans25. Gu L, Kelm MA, Hammerstone JF, Beecher G, Holden J, Haytowitz D, et al. Screening of foods containing proanthocyanidins and their structural characterization
  • Referans26. Vembu S, Sivanasan D, Prasanna G. Effect Of Phoenix Deactylifera on High Fat Diet İnduced Obesity. J Chem Pharm Res 2012;4(1):348-352
  • Referans27. Bradford PG and Awad AB Phytosterols as anticancer compounds. Mol Nutr Food Res 2007;51(2):161–170
  • Referans28. Percival, S.S., West, R.L., 2013. Effect of Health-Promoting Properties of Grapes, İncluding Resveratrol. In: Bioactives in Fruit: Health Benefits and Functional Fruits. Edit. By Skinner M. and Hunter, D., John Wiley Publ. 197-216p
  • Referans29. Xia, E.Q., Deng G.F., Guo, Y.J., Li, H.B., 2010. Biological Activities of Polyphenols from Grapes. Int. J. of Molecular Sci., 622-646p.
  • Referans30.Lim, T.K., 2013. Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants. Volume 6, Fruits. Vitaceae: 450-482p. Springer Science and Business Media Dordrecht.
  • Referans31. Resveratrol:a molecule who setime has come? And gone? Clin Biochem 1997;30(2):91113.
  • Referans32.Mizutani K, Ikeda K, Kawai Y, Yamori Y. Protective effect of resveratrol on oxidative damagein male and fema le stro ke-pro ne spon ta ne o usly hyper ten si ve rats. Clin Exp Phar ma col Physi ol 2001;28(1-2):55-9.
  • Referans33. Estrov Z, Shis ho di a S, Faderl S, Harris D, Van Q, Kantarji an HM, etal. Resvratrol blocks in terleu kin-1be ta-in du cedactivation of the nucle ar transcription factor NF-kap paB, inhi bits pro li fe ra ti on, ca u ses S-ph sear rest, and in duces apop to sis of acu te mye lo id le u ke mi a cells. Blo od 2003;102(3):987-95.
  • Referans34. Tedesco I, Russo M, Russo P, Iacomino G, Russo GL, Carraturo A, et al. Antioxidant effect of red wine polyphe nols on red blood cells. J Nutr Biochem 2000;11(2):114-9.
  • Referans35. Mizutani K, Ikeda K, Kawai Y, Yamori Y. Protectve effect of resveratrol on oxidative damage in male and female stroke-pronespon taneously hypertensi ve rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2001;28(1-2):55-9.
  • Referans36.Lin JK, Tsa i SH. Chemopre vention of can cerand cardiovascular disease by resveratrol. Proc Natl Sci Co unc Repub China B 1999; 23(3):99-106.
  • Referans37. Polunin O., Huxley A., 1987. Flowers of the Mediterranean, Hogarth Press, London.
  • Referans38.http://www.google.com.tr/patents?id=MZAgAAAAEBAJ&zoom=4&dq=asphodelus%20white %20blood%20%20cell&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false (21 Ocak 2011)
  • Referans39. Oskay M., Aktas K., Sari D., Azeri C., 2007. A comparative study of antimicrobial activity using well and disk diffusion method on Asphodelus aestivus (Liliaceae), Ekoloji, 16(62): 62-65.
  • Referans40. Tosun F., Akyüz Kızılay Ç., Sener B., Vural M., Palittapongarnpim P., 2004. Antimycobacterial Activity of Some Turkish Plants, Pharmaceutical Biology, 42: 39-43.
  • Referans41.Peksel A., Imamoglu S., 2009. Antioxidative properties of extracts from asphodelus aestivus brot (liliaceae), Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 55: 596-596 Suppl.1
  • Referans42. P.D. Duh, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 71, 633 (1998).
  • Referans43. I. Gülçin, V. Mshvildadze, A. Gepdiremen and R. Elias, Phytother. Res., 20, 130 (2006).
  • Referans44. U.P. Hedrick, Sturtevant's Edible Plants of the World, Dover Publications (1972).
  • Referans45. P.H. Davis, Flora of Turkey, Edinburgh University Press (1965).
  • Referans46. T. Baytop, Therapy with Medicinal Plants in Turkey (Past and Precent), Publications of the Istanbul University, No 3255, p. 319 (1984).
  • Referans47. Kumazawa S, Taniguchi M, Suzuki Y, Shimura M, Kwon MS, Nakayama T. 2002. Antioxidant activity of polyphenols in carob pods. J. Agric. Food Chem., (50): 373-377
  • Referans48.Loeb H, Vandenplas Y, Wursch P, Guesry P, 1989. Tannin-rich carob pod for the treatment of acute-onset diarrhea. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr., (8): 480– 485.
  • Referans49.Gruendel S, Garcia AL, Otto B, Mueller C, Steiniger J, Weickert MO, Speth M, Katz N, Koebnick C, 2006. Carob pulp preparation rich in insoluble dietary fiber and polyphenols enhances lipid oxidation and lowers postprandial acylated ghrelin in humans. J. Nutr., 136: 1533–1538
Year 2020, Covid-19 Special Issue, 28 - 37, 11.11.2020

Abstract

References

  • Referans1 .Lu, R., Zhao, X., Li, J., Niu, P., Yang, B.,Wu, H., Wang, W., Song, H., Huang, B., Zhu, N., et al. (2020a).Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet395, 565–574.
  • Referans2 .Lu, X., Chen, T., Wang, Y., Wang, J., Zhang, B., Li, Y., and Yan, F. (2020b).Adjuvant corticosteroid therapy for critically ill patients with COVID-19. medRxiv.https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.07.20056390.
  • Referans3 .C. Del Rio, P.N. MalaniCOVID-19—new insights on a rapidly changing epidemic.JAMA, 323 (2020), pp. 1339-1340
  • Referans4 . Centers for Disease Control and PreventionCoronaviurs disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation summary.Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html, Accessed 15th Mar 2020
  • Referans5 . Adalja AA, Toner E, Inglesby TV. (2020). Priorities for the US health community responding to COVID-19. JAMA. 323(14): 1343-1344.
  • Referans6 . Caccialanza R, Laviano A, Lobascio F, Montagna E, Bruno R, Ludovisi S, Iacona I. (2020). Early nutritional supplementation in non-critically ill patients hospitalized for the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Rationale and feasibility of a shared pragmatic protocol. Nutrition, 110-835.
  • Referans7 . Beck MA. (2007). Selenium and vitamin E status: impact on Viral Pathogenicity. The Journal of Nutrition, 137(5), 13381340.
  • Referans8 . Ritz BW, Gardner EM. (2006). Malnutrition and energy restriction differentially affect viral immunity. The Journal of Nutrition, 136(5), 1141-1144.
  • Referans9 . Kim SW, Su KP. (2020). Using psychoneuroimmunity against COVID-19. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity Journal, 2:1-2.
  • Referans10 . http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/ghaffar/innate.htm
  • Referans11 . http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/bowers/immune%20cells.htm
  • Referans12. http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mayer/antigens2000.htm
  • Referans13 . Aw D, Silva A, Palmer D (2007). "Immunosenescence: emerging challenges for an ageing population". Immunology. 120 (4), s. 435–446. PMID 17313487.
  • Referans14. Chandra, RK (1997). "Nutrition and the immune system: an introduction". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Cilt Vol 66, s. 460S-463S. PMID 9250133. Free full-text pdf available
  • Referans15 . Koshak A, Koshak E, Heinrich M. Medicinal benefits of Nigella sativa in bronchial asthma: A literatüre review, 2017.
  • Referans16 . Hussain DAS, Hussain MM. Nigella sativa (black seed) is an effective herbal remedy for every disease except death – a Prophetic statement which modern scientists confirm unanimously: A review. Advancement in Medicinal Plant Research Vol. 4(2), pp. 27-57, April 2016 ISSN: 2354-2152 6
  • Referans17. Majdalawieh AF, Fayyad MW. Recent advances on the anti-cancer properties of Nigella sativa, a widely used food additive, 2016
  • Referans18. Güzelsoy P, Aydın S, Başaran N. Çörek Otunun (Nigelle Sativa L.) Çörek Otunun (Nigelle Sativa L.) Aktif Bileşeni Timokinonun İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Olası Etkileri, 2018.
  • Referans19. https://www.1faydalari.com/igdenin-faydalari/
  • Referans20. Alhaider IA, Mohamed ME, Ahmed KKM, Kumar AH. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruits as a potential cardioprotective agent: The role of circulating progenitor cells. Front Pharmacol 2017;8:592.
  • Referans21.Platat C, Habib HM, AL, Maqbali FD, Jaber NN, Ibrahim WH. Identification of date seeds varieties patterns to optimize nutritional benefits of date seeds. Nutr Food Sci 2014;S8:008
  • Referans22.Guendez R, Kallithraka S, Makris DP, Kefalas P. An analytical survey of the polyphenols of seeds of varieties of grape (Vitis Vinifera) cultivated in Greece: Implications for exploitation as a source of value-added phytochemicals. Phytochem Analysis 2005;16:17-23
  • Referans23.Namiki M. Antioxidants/antimutagens in food. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1990;29:273–300
  • Referans24.Al-Farsi M, Alasalvar C, Morris A, Baron M, Shahidi F. Comparison of antioxidant activity, anthocyanins, carotenoids and phenolics of three native fresh and sun-dried date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties grown in Oman. J Agric Food Chem 2005;53:7592-7599.
  • Referans25. Gu L, Kelm MA, Hammerstone JF, Beecher G, Holden J, Haytowitz D, et al. Screening of foods containing proanthocyanidins and their structural characterization
  • Referans26. Vembu S, Sivanasan D, Prasanna G. Effect Of Phoenix Deactylifera on High Fat Diet İnduced Obesity. J Chem Pharm Res 2012;4(1):348-352
  • Referans27. Bradford PG and Awad AB Phytosterols as anticancer compounds. Mol Nutr Food Res 2007;51(2):161–170
  • Referans28. Percival, S.S., West, R.L., 2013. Effect of Health-Promoting Properties of Grapes, İncluding Resveratrol. In: Bioactives in Fruit: Health Benefits and Functional Fruits. Edit. By Skinner M. and Hunter, D., John Wiley Publ. 197-216p
  • Referans29. Xia, E.Q., Deng G.F., Guo, Y.J., Li, H.B., 2010. Biological Activities of Polyphenols from Grapes. Int. J. of Molecular Sci., 622-646p.
  • Referans30.Lim, T.K., 2013. Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants. Volume 6, Fruits. Vitaceae: 450-482p. Springer Science and Business Media Dordrecht.
  • Referans31. Resveratrol:a molecule who setime has come? And gone? Clin Biochem 1997;30(2):91113.
  • Referans32.Mizutani K, Ikeda K, Kawai Y, Yamori Y. Protective effect of resveratrol on oxidative damagein male and fema le stro ke-pro ne spon ta ne o usly hyper ten si ve rats. Clin Exp Phar ma col Physi ol 2001;28(1-2):55-9.
  • Referans33. Estrov Z, Shis ho di a S, Faderl S, Harris D, Van Q, Kantarji an HM, etal. Resvratrol blocks in terleu kin-1be ta-in du cedactivation of the nucle ar transcription factor NF-kap paB, inhi bits pro li fe ra ti on, ca u ses S-ph sear rest, and in duces apop to sis of acu te mye lo id le u ke mi a cells. Blo od 2003;102(3):987-95.
  • Referans34. Tedesco I, Russo M, Russo P, Iacomino G, Russo GL, Carraturo A, et al. Antioxidant effect of red wine polyphe nols on red blood cells. J Nutr Biochem 2000;11(2):114-9.
  • Referans35. Mizutani K, Ikeda K, Kawai Y, Yamori Y. Protectve effect of resveratrol on oxidative damage in male and female stroke-pronespon taneously hypertensi ve rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2001;28(1-2):55-9.
  • Referans36.Lin JK, Tsa i SH. Chemopre vention of can cerand cardiovascular disease by resveratrol. Proc Natl Sci Co unc Repub China B 1999; 23(3):99-106.
  • Referans37. Polunin O., Huxley A., 1987. Flowers of the Mediterranean, Hogarth Press, London.
  • Referans38.http://www.google.com.tr/patents?id=MZAgAAAAEBAJ&zoom=4&dq=asphodelus%20white %20blood%20%20cell&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false (21 Ocak 2011)
  • Referans39. Oskay M., Aktas K., Sari D., Azeri C., 2007. A comparative study of antimicrobial activity using well and disk diffusion method on Asphodelus aestivus (Liliaceae), Ekoloji, 16(62): 62-65.
  • Referans40. Tosun F., Akyüz Kızılay Ç., Sener B., Vural M., Palittapongarnpim P., 2004. Antimycobacterial Activity of Some Turkish Plants, Pharmaceutical Biology, 42: 39-43.
  • Referans41.Peksel A., Imamoglu S., 2009. Antioxidative properties of extracts from asphodelus aestivus brot (liliaceae), Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 55: 596-596 Suppl.1
  • Referans42. P.D. Duh, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 71, 633 (1998).
  • Referans43. I. Gülçin, V. Mshvildadze, A. Gepdiremen and R. Elias, Phytother. Res., 20, 130 (2006).
  • Referans44. U.P. Hedrick, Sturtevant's Edible Plants of the World, Dover Publications (1972).
  • Referans45. P.H. Davis, Flora of Turkey, Edinburgh University Press (1965).
  • Referans46. T. Baytop, Therapy with Medicinal Plants in Turkey (Past and Precent), Publications of the Istanbul University, No 3255, p. 319 (1984).
  • Referans47. Kumazawa S, Taniguchi M, Suzuki Y, Shimura M, Kwon MS, Nakayama T. 2002. Antioxidant activity of polyphenols in carob pods. J. Agric. Food Chem., (50): 373-377
  • Referans48.Loeb H, Vandenplas Y, Wursch P, Guesry P, 1989. Tannin-rich carob pod for the treatment of acute-onset diarrhea. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr., (8): 480– 485.
  • Referans49.Gruendel S, Garcia AL, Otto B, Mueller C, Steiniger J, Weickert MO, Speth M, Katz N, Koebnick C, 2006. Carob pulp preparation rich in insoluble dietary fiber and polyphenols enhances lipid oxidation and lowers postprandial acylated ghrelin in humans. J. Nutr., 136: 1533–1538
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Review
Authors

Ayşe Biçer 0000-0003-4514-5644

Publication Date November 11, 2020
Submission Date October 5, 2020
Acceptance Date October 15, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Covid-19 Special Issue

Cite

APA Biçer, A. (2020). A STUDY ON FOODS THAT BOOST THE IMMUNE SYSTEM DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. NATURENGS28-37.