Analysing Sea Surface Temperature Change in Gulf of Iskenderun from 1982 to 2015

Year 2018, , 159 - 168, 17.05.2018

Mehmet Ugur Gucel Abdulla Sakallı

https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.424665

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Climate change is one of the major challenge for Earth Systems in this century. Since the
Industrial revolution, energy demands of countries has been rapidly increased which also causes
an accelerated burning fossil fuels and increased greenhouse gases emission (GHG) into the
atmosphere. Sea surface temperature (SST) is a pointer of the water temperature, which mainly
related to sea surface layer and also plays an important role for keeping the energy balance
between atmosphere and marine ecosystems. Various studies show that surface temperature of
the inner seas surface temperature is affected by anthropogenic climate change. Gulf of
Iskenderun is located in the southeast Mediterranean region of Turkey. The Gulf is important
mainly for its industrial facilities and thermal power stations of Turkey. Due to the Suez Canal
and strait of Gibraltar the gulf has also very important meaning for migration of the alien species
into the Mediterranean Sea. To investigate the sea surface temperature (SST) change in the Gulf
of Iskenderun over the period of 1982-2015 we used remote sensed data, which have 4x4 km
high spatial and daily temporal resolution. This data collected from Copernicus Marine Services
which based on satellites Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Pathfinder
Version 5.2 (PFV52). In the study period, the highest SST is determined in a JJA (June-JulyAugust)
season. The warmest region was the north is part of the bay. The SST change about 1.5º
C in the study period.

Keywords

SST, climate change, remote sensing

References

• Avşar, D. (1999). Yeni bir Skifomedüz (Rhopilema nomadica)’ün dağılımı ile ilgili olarak Doğu Akdeniz’in fiziko-kimyasal özellikleri. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 23, 605-616.
• Béthoux, J. P., Gentili, B., Raunet, J., and Tailliez, D. (1990). Warming trend in the western Mediterranean deep water. Nature, 347, 660-662.
• CDO (2015): Climate Data Operators. Available at: http://www.mpimet.mpg.de/cdo , version (04/2018).
• Doney, C. S., Ruckelshaus, J., Duffy, E., Barry, P. J., Chan, F., English, A. C., Galindo, M. H., Grebmeier, M. j., Hollowed, B. A., Knowlton, N., Polovina, J., Rabalais, N. N., Sydeman, J.W., Talley, D. Lynne. (2012). Climate Change Impacts on Marine Ecosystems. Annual Review of Marine Science, 4, 11–37.
• Gogou, A., Triantaphyllou, M., Xoplaki, E., Izdebski., Parinos, C., Dimiza, M., Bouloubassi, I., Luterbacher, J., Kouli, K., Martrat, B., Toreti, A., Fleitmann, D., Rousakis, G., Kaberi, H., Athanasiou, M., Lykousis, V. (2016). Climate Variability and socio-environmental changes in the northern Aegean (NE Mediterranean) during the last 1500 years. Quaternary Science Reviews, 136, 209-228.
• Guldberg, H. O. & Bruno, F. J. (2010). The Impact of Climate Change on the World’s Marine Ecosystems. Science, 328, 5985, 1523-1528.
• Gürlek, M., Gündüz, M, N., Uyan, A., Doğdu, S.A., Karan, S., Gürlek, M., Ergüden, D., Turan, C. (2016). Occurrence of the Red Sea goatfish Parupeneus forsskali (Fourmanoir & Guézé, 1976) (Perciformes: Mullidae) from Iskenderun Bay, Northeastern Mediterranean, Natural and Enginineering Sciences, (1), 7-10.
• Halpern, S. B., Frazier, M., Potapenko, J., Casey, S. K., Koenig, K., Longo, C., Lowndes, S. J., Rockwood, C. R., Selig, R. E., Selkoe, A. K., Walbridge, S. (2015). Spatial and temporal changes in cumulative human impacts on the world’s ocean. Nature communications, 6, 7615, doi:10.1038/ncomms8615.
• Lelieveld, j., Berresheim, H., Borrmann, S., Crutzen, J.P., Dentener, J. F., Fischer, H., Feichter, J., Flatau, J. P., Heland, J., Holzinger, R., Korrmann, R., Lawrence, G. M., Levin, Z., Markowicz, M. K., Mihalopoulos, N., Minikin, A., Ramanathan, V., De Reus, M., Roelofs, J. G., Scheeren, A. H., Sciare, J., Schlager, H., Schultz, M., Siegmund, P., Steil, B., Stephanou, G.E., Stier, P., Traub, M., Warneke, C., Williams, J., Ziereis, H. (2002). Global Air Pollution Crossroads over the Mediterranean. Science, 298, 794.
• Ludwig, W., Dumont, E., Meybeck, M., Heussner, S. (2009). River discharges of water and nutrients to the Mediterranean and Black Sea: Major drivers for ecosystem changes during past and future decades? Progress in Oceanography, 80, 199-217.
• Marbà, Núria., Jordà, Gabriel., Agusti, Susana, Girard, Coraline., Duarte, M. Carlos. (2015). Footprints of climate change on Mediterranean Sea biota Frontiers in Marine Science 2, 56.
• Nagelkerken, I., & Connel, D. S. (2015). Global alteration of ocean ecosystem functioning due to increasing human CO2 emissions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112, 43.
• Nykjaer, L. (2009). Mediterranean Sea surface warming 1985-2006. Climate Research, 39, 11-17.
• Öztürk, B & İşinibilir, M. (2010). An alien jellyfish Rhopilema nomadica and its impacts to the EasternMediterranean part of Turkey. Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment, 16(2), 149-156.
• Pörtner, H. O. (2008). Ecosystem effects of ocean acidification in times of ocean warming: a physiologist’s view. Marine Ecology Progress Series 373, 203–207.
• Roemmich, D., Church, J., Gilson, J., Monselesan, D., Sutton, P., Wijffels, S. (2015). Unabated planetary warming and its ocean structure since 2006. Nature Climate Change, 5, 240-245.
• Sakalli, A. (2017). Sea Surface Temperature Change In The Mediterranean Sea Under Climate Change : A Linear Model for Simulation of the Sea Surface Temperature Up to 2100. Appiled Ecology and Environmental Research, 15(1), 707-716.
• Santoleri, R., Böhm, E., Schiano, E. M. (1994). The Sea Surface Temperature of the Western Mediterranean Sea: Historical Satellite Thermal Data. Seasonal and Interannual Variability of the Western Mediterranean Sea. Paul E. La Violette (Ed.), Coastal and Estuarine Studies, 46, 155-176, American Geophysical Union.
• Schaltout, M., & Omstedt, A. (2014). Recent sea surface temperature trends and future scenarios for the Mediterranean Sea. Oceanologia 56, 3, 411-443.
• Skliris, N., Sofianos, S., Gkanasos, A., Mantziafou, A., Vervatis, V., Axaopoulos, P., Lascaratos, A. (2012). Decadal scale variability of sea surface temperature in the Mediterranean Sea in relation to atmospheric variability. Ocean Dynamics, 62: 13-30.
• Turan, C., Ergüden, D., Uygur, N., Gürlek, M., Erdoğan, Z., Sönmez, B., Uyan, A., Karan, S., Doğdu, S.A. (2015). First record of the Indian Ocean Twospot cardinalfish, Cheilodipterus novemstriatus (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Apogonidae), from Turkish Marine Waters. Acta Ichthyologica Et Piscatorıa, 45(3), 319-322.
• Turan, C., Erguden, D., & Gürlek, M. (2016). Climate Change and Biodiversity Effects in Turkish Seas. Natural and Engineering Sciences, 1(2), 15-24