Sistematik Derlemeler ve Meta Analiz
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İlkokul İklimini Belirleyen Unsurların Öğrenme Çıktılarını Etkileme Düzeyi: Bir Sistematik Derleme Çalışması

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 93 - 115, 30.06.2025

Öz

Okul iklimi, öğrencilerin eğitim aldığı ortamın karakterini ve atmosferini yansıtan, onların akademik başarılarını, motivasyonlarını ve duygusal gelişimlerini etkileyen önemli bir faktördür. Bu iklim, öğrencilerin okula karşı tutumlarını, öğrenme süreçlerine olan bağlılıklarını ve genel iyi oluşlarını belirlemede önemli rol oynar. Öğrenci merkezli bir yaklaşımla şekillendirilen olumlu bir okul iklimi, bireysel potansiyellerin en üst düzeye çıkarılmasını, olumlu davranışların gelişimini ve öğrencilerin sosyal-duygusal becerilerinin desteklenmesini sağlar. Bu durum, yalnızca akademik performansı değil, aynı zamanda öğrencilerin psikolojik sağlamlıklarını ve sosyal uyumlarını da güçlendirir. Bu çalışma, okul ikliminin sosyo-kültürel boyutları ile bu boyutların öğrenme çıktıları üzerindeki etkilerini incelemek amacıyla sistematik bir literatür taraması gerçekleştirmiştir. 2000-2023 yılları arasında Web of Science, Scopus ve ERIC veri tabanlarında yapılan taramalar sonucunda 2218 çalışmaya ulaşılmış, PRISMA diyagramı kullanılarak belirlenen dahil etme ve hariç tutma kriterlerine göre bu sayı 26 çalışmaya düşürülmüştür. Literatür taramasında "primary school" AND ("school climate" OR "school environment" OR "school life") anahtar kelimeleri kullanılmıştır. Seçilen çalışmalar, MAXQDA 2022 programı kullanılarak içerik analizi yöntemiyle detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, okul iklimi çalışmalarında en çok psikolojik ve bireysel (kişi) boyutların ele alındığını ortaya koymuştur. Bu boyutların, özellikle öğrencilerin akademik başarıları ve psikolojik öğrenme çıktıları ile güçlü bir ilişki gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Psikolojik boyut öğrencilerin aidiyet duygusu, özgüven ve motivasyon gibi faktörlerini etkilerken, bireysel boyut öğrenci-öğretmen ilişkileri ve sosyal etkileşimler gibi alanlarda etkili olmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, okul ikliminin iyileştirilmesi, öğrencilerin akademik performanslarını artırmakla kalmaz; aynı zamanda onların sosyal becerilerini, duygusal dayanıklılıklarını ve genel yaşam memnuniyetlerini de olumlu yönde etkiler. Bu bağlamda, eğitim politikaları ve uygulamaları okul iklimini güçlendirecek şekilde tasarlanmalı ve öğrenci merkezli yaklaşımlar ön planda tutulmalıdır.

Etik Beyan

Bu araştırma sistematik literatür çalışması olduğu için ikincil verilerle çalışılmıştır. Bunun için etik kurul izni alınmamıştır.

Destekleyen Kurum

destekleyen bir kurum yoktur

Kaynakça

  • Adams, B.J., Turner, B., Wang, X., Marro, R., Miller, E., Phillips, G., & Coulter, R. W. (2021). Associations between LGBTQ-affirming school climate and intimate partner violence victimization among adolescents. Prevention science 22, 227–236. doi:10.1007/s11121-020-01192-6
  • Akyürek, M. İ. (2022). Examining the relationship between school climate and happiness according to primary school students’ perceptions. Education 3-13, 1-14. doi:10.1080/03004279.2022.2089711 Aldridge, J. M., & McChesney, K. (2018). The relationships between school climate and adolescent mental health and wellbeing: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Educational Research, 88, 121-145. doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2018.01.012
  • Anderman, E. M., & Freeman, T. M. (2004). Students' sense of belonging in school. In M. L. Maehr & P. R. Pintrich (Eds.), Advances in motivation and achievement: Motivating students, improving schools (Vol. 13, pp. 27-63). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
  • Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing: A revision of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives: complete edition. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc
  • Bahçetepe, Ü., & Giorgetti, F. M. (2015). Akademik başarı ile okul iklimi arasındaki ilişki. Istanbul Journal of Innovation in Education, 1(3), 83-101. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/436183
  • Bakioğlu, A., & Kurnaz, Ö. (2014). Araştırmada kalite.(3. Baskı). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Bilgen, Ö. B., & Doğan, N. (2017). Puanlayıcılar arası güvenirlik belirleme tekniklerinin karşılaştırılması. Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology, 8(1), 63-78. doi.org/10.21031/epod.294847
  • Bilgin, O., & Taş, İ. (2018). Ergenlerde okula bağlılığın yordayıcıları olarak okul iklimi ve sosyal medya bağımlılığı. Mediterranean Journal of Educational Research, 12(26), 15-33. doi:10.29329/mjer.2018.172.2
  • Brophy, J., & Good, T. L. (1974). Teacher behavior and student achievement. In R. C. Anderson (Ed.), Schooling and achievement in American society (pp. 17-54). Academic Press.
  • Brown, G. T. L., & Miller, M. (2010). Educational assessment of students. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Buterin Mičić, M. (2021). Academic motivation of primary school pupils: Relation with general feelings towards school and specific aspects of the quality of school life. Nova prisutnost: časopis za intelektualna i duhovna pitanja, 19(3), 659-670. doi:10.31192/np.19.3.13
  • Calp, Ş. (2020). Peaceful and happy schools: How to build positive learning environments?. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 12(4), 311-320. https://iejee.com/index.php/IEJEE/article/view/1073
  • Chen, S. F., Lin, C. Y., Wang, J. R., Lin, S. W., & Kao, H. L. (2012). A cross-grade comparison to examine the context effect on the relationships among family resources, school climate, learning participation, science attitude, and science achievement based on TIMSS 2003 in Taiwan. International Journal of Science Education, 34(14), 2089-2106. doi:10.1080/09500693.2012.701352
  • Cheng, Y. C., & Cheung, W. M. (2004). Four types of school environment: Multilevel self-management and educational quality. Educational Research and Evaluation, 10(1), 71-100. doi:10.1076/edre.10.1.71.26298
  • Cho, Y. (2022). Comparing integrative and systematic literature reviews. Human Resource Development Review, 21(2), 147-151. doi:10.1177/15344843221089053
  • Cohen, J. (2006). Social, emotional, ethical, and academic education: Creating a climate for learning, participation in democracy, and well-being. Harvard Educational Review, 76(2), 201-237. doi:10.17763/haer.76.2.j44854x1524644vn
  • Cohen, J., McCabe, L., Michelli, N. M., & Pickeral, T. (2009). School climate: Research, policy, teacher education, and practice. Teachers College Record, 111(1), 180-213. doi:10.1177/01614681091110010
  • Connolly, I., & Corcoran, C. (2016). The role of school climate on willingness to seek help for bullying. Annual Revıew of Cybertherapy and Telemedıcıne, 2016, 95. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brenda-Wiederhold/publication/316660374_Annual_Review_of_CyberTherapy_and_Telemedicine_Being_Different_The_Transformative_Potential_of_Virtual_Reality/links/590a5b520f7e9b1d0823e358/Annual-Review-of-CyberTherapy-and-Telemedicine-Being-Different-The-Transformative-Potential-of-Virtual-Reality.pdf#page=119
  • Darling-Hammond, L., Flook, L., Cook-Harvey, C., Barron, B., & Osher, D. (2012). Implications for educational practice of the science of learning and development. Applied Developmental Science, 18(4), 196-205. doi:10.1080/10888691.2018.1537791
  • Daily, S. M., Mann, M. J., Kristjansson, A. L., Smith, M. L., & Zullig, K. J. (2019). School climate and academic achievement in middle and high school students. Journal of School Health, 89(3), 173-180. doi:10.1111/josh.12726 Dönmez, B. (2001). Okul güvenliği sorunu ve okul yöneticisinin rolü. Kuram ve uygulamada eğitim yönetimi, 25(25), 63-74. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/108506
  • Dönmez, Ş. & Taylı, A. (2018). Ortaokul öğrencilerinde okul iklimi, okula bağlılık ve okul yaşam kalitesi algısının incelenmesi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi 9,2. http://dergipark.gov.tr/aduefebder
  • Durlak, J. A., Weissberg, R. P., Dymnicki, A. B., Taylor, R. D., & Schellinger, K. B. (2011). The impact of enhancing students' social and emotional learning: A meta-analysis of school-based universal interventions. Child development, 82(1), 405-432. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01564.x
  • Elfrink, T. R., Goldberg, J. M., Schreurs, K. M., Bohlmeijer, E. T., & Clarke, A. M. (2017). Positive educative programme: A whole school approach to supporting children’s well-being and creating a positive school climate: a pilot study. Health Education, 117(2), 215-230. doi:10.1108/HE-09-2016-0039
  • Gale, A., Williams, A., Rowley, S., & Boyd, D. (2022). The role of parents’ school climate perceptions on attainment expectations for black middle schoolers. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 31(1), 61-69. doi:10.1007/s10826-021-02156-2
  • Gao, Q., Chen, P., Zhou, Z., & Jiang, J. (2020). The impact of school climate on trait creativity in primary school students: the mediating role of achievement motivation and proactive personality. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 40(3), 330-343. doi:10.1080/02188791.2019.1707644

The Level of Influence of the Elements Determining the Primary School Climate on Learning Outcomes: A Systematic Review Study

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 93 - 115, 30.06.2025

Öz

School climate is an important factor that reflects the character and atmosphere of the environment in which students receive their education, influencing their academic achievement, motivation, and emotional development. This climate plays a significant role in shaping students' attitudes toward school, their engagement in learning processes, and their overall well-being. A positive school climate, shaped through a student-centered approach, aims to maximize individual potential, foster the development of positive behaviors, and support students' social-emotional skills. This not only enhances academic performance but also strengthens students' psychological resilience and social adaptation. This study conducted a systematic literature review to examine the socio-cultural dimensions of school climate and their effects on learning outcomes. A total of 2,218 studies published between 2000 and 2023 were identified through searches in the Web of Science, Scopus, and ERIC databases. Using the PRISMA diagram, this number was reduced to 26 studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The literature search was conducted with the keywords "primary school" AND ("school climate" OR "school environment" OR "school life"). The selected studies were analyzed in detail using content analysis with the MAXQDA 2022 software. The findings revealed that school climate studies predominantly focus on psychological and individual (personal) dimensions. These dimensions were found to be strongly associated with students' academic achievement and psychological learning outcomes. While the psychological dimension affects factors such as students' sense of belonging, self-confidence, and motivation, the individual dimension influences areas like student-teacher relationships and social interactions. In conclusion, improving the school climate not only enhances students' academic performance but also positively impacts their social skills, emotional resilience, and overall life satisfaction. In this context, educational policies and practices should be designed to strengthen the school climate, with student-centered approaches prioritized.

Kaynakça

  • Adams, B.J., Turner, B., Wang, X., Marro, R., Miller, E., Phillips, G., & Coulter, R. W. (2021). Associations between LGBTQ-affirming school climate and intimate partner violence victimization among adolescents. Prevention science 22, 227–236. doi:10.1007/s11121-020-01192-6
  • Akyürek, M. İ. (2022). Examining the relationship between school climate and happiness according to primary school students’ perceptions. Education 3-13, 1-14. doi:10.1080/03004279.2022.2089711 Aldridge, J. M., & McChesney, K. (2018). The relationships between school climate and adolescent mental health and wellbeing: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Educational Research, 88, 121-145. doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2018.01.012
  • Anderman, E. M., & Freeman, T. M. (2004). Students' sense of belonging in school. In M. L. Maehr & P. R. Pintrich (Eds.), Advances in motivation and achievement: Motivating students, improving schools (Vol. 13, pp. 27-63). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
  • Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing: A revision of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives: complete edition. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc
  • Bahçetepe, Ü., & Giorgetti, F. M. (2015). Akademik başarı ile okul iklimi arasındaki ilişki. Istanbul Journal of Innovation in Education, 1(3), 83-101. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/436183
  • Bakioğlu, A., & Kurnaz, Ö. (2014). Araştırmada kalite.(3. Baskı). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Bilgen, Ö. B., & Doğan, N. (2017). Puanlayıcılar arası güvenirlik belirleme tekniklerinin karşılaştırılması. Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology, 8(1), 63-78. doi.org/10.21031/epod.294847
  • Bilgin, O., & Taş, İ. (2018). Ergenlerde okula bağlılığın yordayıcıları olarak okul iklimi ve sosyal medya bağımlılığı. Mediterranean Journal of Educational Research, 12(26), 15-33. doi:10.29329/mjer.2018.172.2
  • Brophy, J., & Good, T. L. (1974). Teacher behavior and student achievement. In R. C. Anderson (Ed.), Schooling and achievement in American society (pp. 17-54). Academic Press.
  • Brown, G. T. L., & Miller, M. (2010). Educational assessment of students. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Buterin Mičić, M. (2021). Academic motivation of primary school pupils: Relation with general feelings towards school and specific aspects of the quality of school life. Nova prisutnost: časopis za intelektualna i duhovna pitanja, 19(3), 659-670. doi:10.31192/np.19.3.13
  • Calp, Ş. (2020). Peaceful and happy schools: How to build positive learning environments?. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 12(4), 311-320. https://iejee.com/index.php/IEJEE/article/view/1073
  • Chen, S. F., Lin, C. Y., Wang, J. R., Lin, S. W., & Kao, H. L. (2012). A cross-grade comparison to examine the context effect on the relationships among family resources, school climate, learning participation, science attitude, and science achievement based on TIMSS 2003 in Taiwan. International Journal of Science Education, 34(14), 2089-2106. doi:10.1080/09500693.2012.701352
  • Cheng, Y. C., & Cheung, W. M. (2004). Four types of school environment: Multilevel self-management and educational quality. Educational Research and Evaluation, 10(1), 71-100. doi:10.1076/edre.10.1.71.26298
  • Cho, Y. (2022). Comparing integrative and systematic literature reviews. Human Resource Development Review, 21(2), 147-151. doi:10.1177/15344843221089053
  • Cohen, J. (2006). Social, emotional, ethical, and academic education: Creating a climate for learning, participation in democracy, and well-being. Harvard Educational Review, 76(2), 201-237. doi:10.17763/haer.76.2.j44854x1524644vn
  • Cohen, J., McCabe, L., Michelli, N. M., & Pickeral, T. (2009). School climate: Research, policy, teacher education, and practice. Teachers College Record, 111(1), 180-213. doi:10.1177/01614681091110010
  • Connolly, I., & Corcoran, C. (2016). The role of school climate on willingness to seek help for bullying. Annual Revıew of Cybertherapy and Telemedıcıne, 2016, 95. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brenda-Wiederhold/publication/316660374_Annual_Review_of_CyberTherapy_and_Telemedicine_Being_Different_The_Transformative_Potential_of_Virtual_Reality/links/590a5b520f7e9b1d0823e358/Annual-Review-of-CyberTherapy-and-Telemedicine-Being-Different-The-Transformative-Potential-of-Virtual-Reality.pdf#page=119
  • Darling-Hammond, L., Flook, L., Cook-Harvey, C., Barron, B., & Osher, D. (2012). Implications for educational practice of the science of learning and development. Applied Developmental Science, 18(4), 196-205. doi:10.1080/10888691.2018.1537791
  • Daily, S. M., Mann, M. J., Kristjansson, A. L., Smith, M. L., & Zullig, K. J. (2019). School climate and academic achievement in middle and high school students. Journal of School Health, 89(3), 173-180. doi:10.1111/josh.12726 Dönmez, B. (2001). Okul güvenliği sorunu ve okul yöneticisinin rolü. Kuram ve uygulamada eğitim yönetimi, 25(25), 63-74. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/108506
  • Dönmez, Ş. & Taylı, A. (2018). Ortaokul öğrencilerinde okul iklimi, okula bağlılık ve okul yaşam kalitesi algısının incelenmesi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi 9,2. http://dergipark.gov.tr/aduefebder
  • Durlak, J. A., Weissberg, R. P., Dymnicki, A. B., Taylor, R. D., & Schellinger, K. B. (2011). The impact of enhancing students' social and emotional learning: A meta-analysis of school-based universal interventions. Child development, 82(1), 405-432. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01564.x
  • Elfrink, T. R., Goldberg, J. M., Schreurs, K. M., Bohlmeijer, E. T., & Clarke, A. M. (2017). Positive educative programme: A whole school approach to supporting children’s well-being and creating a positive school climate: a pilot study. Health Education, 117(2), 215-230. doi:10.1108/HE-09-2016-0039
  • Gale, A., Williams, A., Rowley, S., & Boyd, D. (2022). The role of parents’ school climate perceptions on attainment expectations for black middle schoolers. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 31(1), 61-69. doi:10.1007/s10826-021-02156-2
  • Gao, Q., Chen, P., Zhou, Z., & Jiang, J. (2020). The impact of school climate on trait creativity in primary school students: the mediating role of achievement motivation and proactive personality. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 40(3), 330-343. doi:10.1080/02188791.2019.1707644
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Alan Eğitimleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Sistematik Derlemeler ve Meta Analiz
Yazarlar

Serhat Çakabay 0000-0001-6898-9159

Pelin Mete 0000-0002-3075-2575

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 26 Haziran 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Şubat 2025
Kabul Tarihi 6 Nisan 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Çakabay, S., & Mete, P. (2025). İlkokul İklimini Belirleyen Unsurların Öğrenme Çıktılarını Etkileme Düzeyi: Bir Sistematik Derleme Çalışması. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Ereğli Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(1), 93-115.