Nutrition Management and the Role of the Nurse in the Surgical Patient

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 01, 6 - 12, 30.06.2023

Fatma Gök Serpil Yüksel

Öz

Surgical intervention is a treatment method that leads to a metabolic stress response. A long-lasting stress response causes problems such as delayed wound healing and infection risk and prolongs the postoperative recovery period. Malnourishment is one of the most significant factors that lead to a prolonged stress response. Therefore, the nutritional status of the patient must be evaluated before surgical intervention, and their existing nutrition problems must be treated. Shortening the duration of fasting before surgery and providing oral carbohydrate-containing fluid support prevents negative nitrogen balance and improves patient outcomes. After the surgical intervention, it is recommended to start oral feeding as soon as possible and provide enteral or parenteral nutrition support for patients who are unable to eat. In the management of the nutrition of the surgical patient, as an indispensable part of the surgical team, nurses have important roles and responsibilities. Some of these are assessing the nutrition of the patient, managing the duration of fasting before surgery correctly, determining the time of feeding after surgery accurately, and preventing malnourishment. For nurses to be able to perform these roles, it is important to overcome the deficiencies in their knowledge about the nutrition of the surgical patient and increase their awareness of current recommendations and protocols. In this review, it is aimed to investigate nutritional management in surgical patients in light of current and evidence-based research and guidelines and provide guidance for nurses.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nutrition, Surgery, Patient, Nurse, Malnutrition

CERRAHİ HASTASINDA BESLENME YÖNETİMİ ve HEMŞİRENİN ROLÜ

Öz

Cerrahi girişim, metabolik stres yanıta neden olan bir tedavi yöntemidir. Stres yanıtın uzun sürmesi, yara iyileşmesinde gecikme ve enfeksiyon riskinde artış gibi sorunlara neden olmakta, cerrahi girişim sonrası iyileşme sürecini geciktirmektedir. Cerrahi hastasında stres yanıtın uzamasına neden olan en önemli faktörlerden biri yetersiz beslenmedir. Bu nedenle, hastanın beslenme durumu cerrahi girişim öncesi değerlendirilmeli ve mevcut beslenme sorunları mutlaka tedavi edilmelidir. Cerrahi girişim öncesi açlık süresinin kısaltılması ve oral karbonhidratlı sıvı desteğinin verilmesi, negatif nitrojen dengesini önlemekte ve hasta sonuçlarını iyileştirmektedir. Cerrahi girişim sonrası ise olabildiğince erken dönemde oral beslenmeye geçilmesi, oral beslenmeyen hastalara enteral veya paranteral beslenme desteğinin uygulanması önerilmektedir. Cerrahi hastasının beslenmesinin düzenlenmesinde, cerrahi ekibin ayrılmaz bir parçası olan hemşirelerin önemli rol ve sorumlulukları vardır. Bunlardan bazıları, hastanın beslenmesini değerlendirmek, cerrahi girişim öncesi açlık süresini doğru yönetmek, cerrahi girişim sonrası beslenme zamanını doğru belirlemek ve beslenme yetersizliğini önlemektir. Hemşirelerin bu rollerini yerine getirebilmesinde, cerrahi hastasının beslenmesine yönelik bilgi eksikliklerinin giderilmesi, güncel önerilere ve protokollere yönelik farkındalıklarının artırılması önemlidir. Bu derlemede, cerrahi hastasında beslenme yönetimini güncel ve kanıt temelli araştırmalar ve rehberler ışığında irdelemek ve hemşirelere rehberlik etmek amaçlandı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Beslenme, Cerrahi, Hasta, Hemşire, Malnütrisyon

Kaynakça

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