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KONYA İLİ KIRSALINDA KIRIM KONGO KANAMALI ATEŞİ VİRUSUNUN ARAŞTIRILMASI

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 01, 1 - 5, 30.06.2023

Öz

ÖZET
Amaç: Kırım Kongo Kanamalı Ateşi (KKKA), keneler yoluyla insanlara bulaşabilen önemli viral enfeksiyonlardan birisidir. Hayvanlar, herhangi bir hastalık belirtisi göstermeden KKKA virusunu (KKKAV) alabilirler. Hayvanlarda KKKAV'nin saptanması, sahada KKKAV'nin sirkülasyonunun bir işareti olarak kullanılabilir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmanın amacı koyun ve keçilerde KKKAV prevalansını belirlemekti.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada, Konya İl’indeki epidemiyolojik olarak bağımsız sürülerden (n = 29),161 koyun ve 106 keçiden alınan kan ve serum (n = 267) örnekleri kullanılarak KKKA prevalansı araştırıldı
Bulgular: Küçükbaş hayvanlarda seropozitifliğin %21,3 (%95 CI 16,4 - 26,2) olduğu belirlendi. KKKAV spesifik antikorlar 30 koyunda (%18,6, %95 CI: 12,6 - 24,7) saptanırken, 106 keçinin 27’si (%25,5, %95 CI: 17,2 - 33,8) pozitif bulundu. KKKAV seropozitifliği türler (p = 0,222) ve cinsiyetler (p = 0,455) arasında istatistiksel olarak farklı değildi. KKKAV RNA’sı tespit edilmedi. KKKAV seropozitifliği 2 yaşından büyük hayvanlarda daha yüksekti (p = 0,009).
Sonuçlar: Mevcut çalışmanın sonuçları, KKKAV’nin çalışma alanındaki küçükbaş hayvanlarda sirküle olduğunu ve insanların KKKAV enfeksiyonuna yakalanma riski altında olduğunu göstermektedir. Türkiye'de KKKAV odaklarını belirlemek için gelecekteki epidemiyolojik çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Kaynakça

  • Albayrak, H., Ozan, E., & Kurt, M. (2012). Serosurvey and molecular detection of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in northern Turkey. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 44(7), 1667-1671.
  • Al-Yabis, A., Al-Thamery, A., & Hasony, H. (2005). Seroepidemiology of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in rural community of Basrah. The Medical Journal of Basrah University, 23, 30-35.
  • Appannanavar, S. B., & Mishra, B. (2011). An update on crimean congo hemorrhagic Fever. Journal of Global Infectious Diseases, 3(3), 285-292.
  • Aygör, H., & Düdükcü, F.T. (2019). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin, anne sütü bankacılığı hakkındaki görüşlerinin değerlendirilmesi. Genel Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 1-12.
  • Barthel, R., Mohareb, E., Younan, R., Gladnishka, T., Kalvatchev, N., Moemen, A., … & Christova, I. (2014). Seroprevalance of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Bulgarian livestock. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 28(3), 540-542.
  • Batı, S., Küçükkendirci, H., & Ulusal, O. (2021). Beyaz kod verileri ışığında 112 çalışanlarına yönelik şiddet; retrospektif değerlendirme. Genel Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), 1-8.
  • Camicas, J. L., Wilson, M. L., Cornet, J. P., Digoutte, J. P., Calvo, M. A., Adam, F., & Gonzalez, J. P. (1990). Ecology of ticks as potential vectors of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in Senegal: epidemiological implications. Calisher, C.H. (Ed.) Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, tick- and mosquito-borne viruses. Springer, Vienna.
  • Ceianu, C. S., Panculescu-Gatej, R. I., Coudrier, D., & Bouloy, M. (2012). First serologic evidence for the circulation of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in Romania. Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 12(9), 718-721.
  • Ceylan, B., & Günay M. N. (2022). COVID-19 salgını sırasında anne babaların kaygı düzeyi. Genel Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(3), 278-287.
  • Chinikar, S., Ghiasi, S.M., Hewson, R., Moradi, M., & Haeri, A. (2010). Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iran and neighboring countries. Journal of Clinical Virology, 47(2), 110-114.
  • Çunkuş, N., Tikbaş, P. K., Adana, F., & Arslantaş, H. (2021). Hemşirelik bölümü öğrencilerinde depresif belirtiler ve umutsuzluk düzeyi ile ilişkili faktörler. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(1): 6-14.
  • Ergönül, O. (2006). Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever. The Lancet, 6(4), 203-214. Estrada-Peña, A., Ruiz-Fons, F., Acevedo, P., Gortazar, C., & de la Fuente, J. (2013). Factors driving the circulation and possible expansion of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in the western Palearctic. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 114(1), 278-286.
  • Fajs, L., Humolli, I., Saksida, A., Knap, N., Jelovšek, M., Korva, M., Dedushaj, I., & Avšič-Županc, T. (2014). Prevalence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in healthy population, livestock and ticks in Kosovo. PLoS One, 9(11):e110982.
  • Gargili, A., Estrada-Peña, A., Spengler, J. R., Lukashev, A., Nuttall, P. A., & Bente, D. A. (2017). The role of ticks in the maintenance and transmission of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus: A review of published field and laboratory studies. Antiviral Research, 144, 93-119.
  • Görkem, A., Uğur, A. R., Feyzioğlu, B., Özdemir, M., & Baykan, M. (2020). Çocuk hastalarda parainfluenza nedenli alt solunum yolu infeksiyonlarının araştırılması. Selçuk Tıp Dergisi, 36(2), 87-90.
  • Gruber, C. E. M., Bartolini, B., Castilletti, C., Mirazimi, A., Hewson, R., Christova, I., …& Di Caro, A. (2019). Geographical variability affects CCHFV detection by RT-PCR: A tool for in-silico evaluation of molecular assays. Viruses, 11(10), 953.
  • Hoogstraal, H. (1979). The epidemiology of tick-borne Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Asia, Europe, and Africa. Journal of Medical Entomology, 15(4), 307-417.
  • ICTV. (2021). Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus. Accessed 28 May 2023, https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202100070
  • Kaplan, A., Kaplan, Ö. & Çetin, Ş. (2022a). The symptoms experienced by COVID-19 patients following the recovery. Genel Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 142-151.
  • Kaplan, S. E., Türkben-Polat, H., & Çevik Durmaz, Y. (2022b). Attitudes of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease about complementary alternative medicine. Genel Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(3), 288-296.
  • Leblebicioglu, H., Ozaras, R., Irmak, H., & Sencan, I. (2016). Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Turkey: Current status and future challenges. Antiviral Research, 126, 21-34.
  • Mertens, M., Vatansever, Z., Mrenoshki, S., Krstevski, K., Stefanovska, J., Djadjovski, I., …& Groschup, M.H. (2015). Circulation of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia revealed by screening of cattle sera using a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 9(3), e0003519. /
  • Mild, M., Simon, M., Albert, J., & Mirazimi, A. (2010). Towards an understanding of the migration of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus. The Journal of General Virology, 91(Pt1), 199-207.
  • Mohamed, M., Said, A. R., Murad, A., & Graham, R. (2008). A serological survey of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in animals in the Sharkia Governorate of Egypt. Veterinaria Italiana, 44(3), 513-517.
  • Mourya, D. T., Yadav, P. D., Shete, A. M., Gurav, Y. K., Raut, C. G., Jadi, R. S., …& Mishra, A. C. (2012). Detection, isolation and confirmation of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in human, ticks and animals in Ahmadabad, India, 2010-2011. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 6(5), e1653.
  • Nurettin, C., Engin, B., Sukru, T., Munir, A., Zati, V., & Aykut, O. (2022). The seroprevalence of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in wild and domestic animals: An epidemiological update for domestic animals and first seroevidence in wild animals from Türkiye. Veterinary Sciences, 9(9), 462.
  • Özdemir, M., Avcı, O., Tüzüner, U., Bulut, O., Yavru, S., & Baysal, B. (2016). Konya bölgesinde insanlarda Kırım-Kongo Kanamalı Ateşi seroprevalansının araştırılması. Selçuk Tıp Dergisi, 32(3), 58-60.
  • Papa, A., Velo, E., Papadimitriou, E., Cahani, G., Kota, M., & Bino, S. (2009). Ecology of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever endemic area in Albania. Vector Borne Zoonotic Diseases, 9(6), 713-716.
  • Papa, A. (2010). Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever and hantavirus infections. Maltezou, H.C., Gikas, A. (Eds.), Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases. India: Research Signpost, pp. 49-73.
  • Papa, A., Chaligiannis, I., Kontana, N., Sourba, T., Tsioka, K., Tsatsaris, A., & Sotiraki, S. (2014). A novel AP92-like Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus strain, Greece. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 5(5), 590-593.
  • Portillo, A., Palomar, A.M., Santibáñez, P., & Oteo, J.A. (2021). Epidemiological aspects of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Western Europe: What about the future? Microorganisms, 9(3), 649.
  • Sargianou, M., Panos, G., Tsatsaris, A., Gogos, C., & Papa, A. (2013). Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: seroprevalence and risk factors among humans in Achaia, western Greece. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17(12), e1160-1165.
  • Schulz, A., Barry, Y., Stoek, F., Ba, A., Schulz, J., Haki, M. L., …& Groschup, M. H. (2021). Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus antibody prevalence in Mauritanian livestock (cattle, goats, sheep and camels) is stratified by the animal's age. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 15(4), e0009228.
  • Schuster, I., Mertens, M., Mrenoshki, S., Staubach, C., Mertens, C., Brüning, F., … & Groschup, M. H. (2016). Sheep and goats as indicator animals for the circulation of CCHFV in the environment. Experimental & Applied Acarology, 68(3), 337-346.
  • Schwarz, T. F., Nsanze, H., & Ameen, A. M. (1997). Clinical features of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in the United Arab Emirates. Infection, 25(6), 364-367.
  • Shahhosseini, N., Wong, G., Babuadze, G., Camp, J. V., Ergonul, O., Kobinger, G. P., Chinikar, S., & Nowotny, N. (2021). Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus in Asia, Africa and Europe. Microorganisms, 9(9):1907.
  • Spengler, J. R., Bergeron, É., & Rollin, P. E. (2016). Seroepidemiological studies of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus in domestic and wild Animals. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 10(1), e0004210.
  • Şen, D. Ö., Uçan-Yarkaç, F., Taştan-Eroğlu, Z., & Seyfioğlu, H. G. (2022). Diş hekimliği fakültesine başvuran hastaların dental implant farkındalıkların değerlendirilmesi. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Dergisi, 4, 107-14.
  • Telmadarraiy, Z., Ghiasi, S. M., Moradi, M., Vatandoost, H., Eshraghian, M. R., Faghihi, F., …& Chinikar, S. (2010). A survey of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in livestock and ticks in Ardabil Province, Iran during 2004-2005. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 42(2), 137-141.
  • Tuncer, P., Yesilbag, K., Alpay, G., Dincer, E., Girisgin, A.O., Aydin, L., Uyar, Y., & Ozkul, A. (2014). Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever infection in domestic animals in Marmara region, Western Turkey. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 61, 49-53.
  • Turkish State Meteorological Service, (2023). Official Statistics. Accessed 28 May 2023, https://mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=H&m=KONYA Whitehouse, C. A. (2004). Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Antiviral Research, 64(3), 145-160.
  • Wikipedia, (2023). Konya. Accessed 28 May 2023, https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konya
  • Wölfel, R., Paweska, J. T., Petersen, N., Grobbelaar, A. A., Leman, P. A., Hewson, R., …& Drosten, C. (2007). Virus detection and monitoring of viral load in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus patients. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 13(7), 1097-1100.
  • Yapalı, G., Arslan, S., & Aksoy, C. C. (2022). Knowledge, practice, and attitudes about complementary and alternative medicine among physiotherapists in Turkey. Genel Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(3), 269-277.

A SURVEY of CRIMEAN-CONGO HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER VIRUS in RURAL AREAS of KONYA PROVINCE

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 01, 1 - 5, 30.06.2023

Öz

ABSTRACT
Aim: Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is one of the major viral infections that may be spread by ticks to humans. Animals can get the CCHV virus (CCHFV) without showing any symptoms of disease. Detection of CCHFV in animals can be used as a sign for the circulation of virus in the field. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of CCHFV in sheep and goats.
Material and Methods: In this study, prevalence of CCHF was investigated using blood and sera (n = 267) samples from 161 sheep and 106 goats from epidemiologically independent flocks (n = 29) in the Konya Province.
Results: The seropositivity in small ruminants was 21.3% (95% CI 16.4 - 26.2). CCHFV specific antibodies were detected in 30 sheep (18.6%, 95% CI: 12.6 - 24.7) whereas 27 out of the 106 goats (25.5%, 95% CI: 17.2 - 33.8) was found positive. CCHFV seropositivity was not statistically different between species (p = 0.222) and sexes (p = 0.455). CCHFV RNA was not detected. Seropositivity of CCHFV was higher in animals older than 2 years old (p = 0.009).
Conclusion: The current study’s results suggest that CCHFV circulates in small ruminants in study area and people are at risk of getting CCHFV infection. Future epidemiological studies are required to determine foci of CCHFV in Türkiye.

Kaynakça

  • Albayrak, H., Ozan, E., & Kurt, M. (2012). Serosurvey and molecular detection of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in northern Turkey. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 44(7), 1667-1671.
  • Al-Yabis, A., Al-Thamery, A., & Hasony, H. (2005). Seroepidemiology of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in rural community of Basrah. The Medical Journal of Basrah University, 23, 30-35.
  • Appannanavar, S. B., & Mishra, B. (2011). An update on crimean congo hemorrhagic Fever. Journal of Global Infectious Diseases, 3(3), 285-292.
  • Aygör, H., & Düdükcü, F.T. (2019). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin, anne sütü bankacılığı hakkındaki görüşlerinin değerlendirilmesi. Genel Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 1-12.
  • Barthel, R., Mohareb, E., Younan, R., Gladnishka, T., Kalvatchev, N., Moemen, A., … & Christova, I. (2014). Seroprevalance of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Bulgarian livestock. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 28(3), 540-542.
  • Batı, S., Küçükkendirci, H., & Ulusal, O. (2021). Beyaz kod verileri ışığında 112 çalışanlarına yönelik şiddet; retrospektif değerlendirme. Genel Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), 1-8.
  • Camicas, J. L., Wilson, M. L., Cornet, J. P., Digoutte, J. P., Calvo, M. A., Adam, F., & Gonzalez, J. P. (1990). Ecology of ticks as potential vectors of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in Senegal: epidemiological implications. Calisher, C.H. (Ed.) Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, tick- and mosquito-borne viruses. Springer, Vienna.
  • Ceianu, C. S., Panculescu-Gatej, R. I., Coudrier, D., & Bouloy, M. (2012). First serologic evidence for the circulation of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in Romania. Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 12(9), 718-721.
  • Ceylan, B., & Günay M. N. (2022). COVID-19 salgını sırasında anne babaların kaygı düzeyi. Genel Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(3), 278-287.
  • Chinikar, S., Ghiasi, S.M., Hewson, R., Moradi, M., & Haeri, A. (2010). Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iran and neighboring countries. Journal of Clinical Virology, 47(2), 110-114.
  • Çunkuş, N., Tikbaş, P. K., Adana, F., & Arslantaş, H. (2021). Hemşirelik bölümü öğrencilerinde depresif belirtiler ve umutsuzluk düzeyi ile ilişkili faktörler. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(1): 6-14.
  • Ergönül, O. (2006). Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever. The Lancet, 6(4), 203-214. Estrada-Peña, A., Ruiz-Fons, F., Acevedo, P., Gortazar, C., & de la Fuente, J. (2013). Factors driving the circulation and possible expansion of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in the western Palearctic. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 114(1), 278-286.
  • Fajs, L., Humolli, I., Saksida, A., Knap, N., Jelovšek, M., Korva, M., Dedushaj, I., & Avšič-Županc, T. (2014). Prevalence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in healthy population, livestock and ticks in Kosovo. PLoS One, 9(11):e110982.
  • Gargili, A., Estrada-Peña, A., Spengler, J. R., Lukashev, A., Nuttall, P. A., & Bente, D. A. (2017). The role of ticks in the maintenance and transmission of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus: A review of published field and laboratory studies. Antiviral Research, 144, 93-119.
  • Görkem, A., Uğur, A. R., Feyzioğlu, B., Özdemir, M., & Baykan, M. (2020). Çocuk hastalarda parainfluenza nedenli alt solunum yolu infeksiyonlarının araştırılması. Selçuk Tıp Dergisi, 36(2), 87-90.
  • Gruber, C. E. M., Bartolini, B., Castilletti, C., Mirazimi, A., Hewson, R., Christova, I., …& Di Caro, A. (2019). Geographical variability affects CCHFV detection by RT-PCR: A tool for in-silico evaluation of molecular assays. Viruses, 11(10), 953.
  • Hoogstraal, H. (1979). The epidemiology of tick-borne Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Asia, Europe, and Africa. Journal of Medical Entomology, 15(4), 307-417.
  • ICTV. (2021). Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus. Accessed 28 May 2023, https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202100070
  • Kaplan, A., Kaplan, Ö. & Çetin, Ş. (2022a). The symptoms experienced by COVID-19 patients following the recovery. Genel Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 142-151.
  • Kaplan, S. E., Türkben-Polat, H., & Çevik Durmaz, Y. (2022b). Attitudes of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease about complementary alternative medicine. Genel Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(3), 288-296.
  • Leblebicioglu, H., Ozaras, R., Irmak, H., & Sencan, I. (2016). Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Turkey: Current status and future challenges. Antiviral Research, 126, 21-34.
  • Mertens, M., Vatansever, Z., Mrenoshki, S., Krstevski, K., Stefanovska, J., Djadjovski, I., …& Groschup, M.H. (2015). Circulation of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia revealed by screening of cattle sera using a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 9(3), e0003519. /
  • Mild, M., Simon, M., Albert, J., & Mirazimi, A. (2010). Towards an understanding of the migration of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus. The Journal of General Virology, 91(Pt1), 199-207.
  • Mohamed, M., Said, A. R., Murad, A., & Graham, R. (2008). A serological survey of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in animals in the Sharkia Governorate of Egypt. Veterinaria Italiana, 44(3), 513-517.
  • Mourya, D. T., Yadav, P. D., Shete, A. M., Gurav, Y. K., Raut, C. G., Jadi, R. S., …& Mishra, A. C. (2012). Detection, isolation and confirmation of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in human, ticks and animals in Ahmadabad, India, 2010-2011. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 6(5), e1653.
  • Nurettin, C., Engin, B., Sukru, T., Munir, A., Zati, V., & Aykut, O. (2022). The seroprevalence of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in wild and domestic animals: An epidemiological update for domestic animals and first seroevidence in wild animals from Türkiye. Veterinary Sciences, 9(9), 462.
  • Özdemir, M., Avcı, O., Tüzüner, U., Bulut, O., Yavru, S., & Baysal, B. (2016). Konya bölgesinde insanlarda Kırım-Kongo Kanamalı Ateşi seroprevalansının araştırılması. Selçuk Tıp Dergisi, 32(3), 58-60.
  • Papa, A., Velo, E., Papadimitriou, E., Cahani, G., Kota, M., & Bino, S. (2009). Ecology of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever endemic area in Albania. Vector Borne Zoonotic Diseases, 9(6), 713-716.
  • Papa, A. (2010). Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever and hantavirus infections. Maltezou, H.C., Gikas, A. (Eds.), Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases. India: Research Signpost, pp. 49-73.
  • Papa, A., Chaligiannis, I., Kontana, N., Sourba, T., Tsioka, K., Tsatsaris, A., & Sotiraki, S. (2014). A novel AP92-like Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus strain, Greece. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 5(5), 590-593.
  • Portillo, A., Palomar, A.M., Santibáñez, P., & Oteo, J.A. (2021). Epidemiological aspects of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Western Europe: What about the future? Microorganisms, 9(3), 649.
  • Sargianou, M., Panos, G., Tsatsaris, A., Gogos, C., & Papa, A. (2013). Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: seroprevalence and risk factors among humans in Achaia, western Greece. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17(12), e1160-1165.
  • Schulz, A., Barry, Y., Stoek, F., Ba, A., Schulz, J., Haki, M. L., …& Groschup, M. H. (2021). Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus antibody prevalence in Mauritanian livestock (cattle, goats, sheep and camels) is stratified by the animal's age. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 15(4), e0009228.
  • Schuster, I., Mertens, M., Mrenoshki, S., Staubach, C., Mertens, C., Brüning, F., … & Groschup, M. H. (2016). Sheep and goats as indicator animals for the circulation of CCHFV in the environment. Experimental & Applied Acarology, 68(3), 337-346.
  • Schwarz, T. F., Nsanze, H., & Ameen, A. M. (1997). Clinical features of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in the United Arab Emirates. Infection, 25(6), 364-367.
  • Shahhosseini, N., Wong, G., Babuadze, G., Camp, J. V., Ergonul, O., Kobinger, G. P., Chinikar, S., & Nowotny, N. (2021). Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus in Asia, Africa and Europe. Microorganisms, 9(9):1907.
  • Spengler, J. R., Bergeron, É., & Rollin, P. E. (2016). Seroepidemiological studies of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus in domestic and wild Animals. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 10(1), e0004210.
  • Şen, D. Ö., Uçan-Yarkaç, F., Taştan-Eroğlu, Z., & Seyfioğlu, H. G. (2022). Diş hekimliği fakültesine başvuran hastaların dental implant farkındalıkların değerlendirilmesi. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Dergisi, 4, 107-14.
  • Telmadarraiy, Z., Ghiasi, S. M., Moradi, M., Vatandoost, H., Eshraghian, M. R., Faghihi, F., …& Chinikar, S. (2010). A survey of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in livestock and ticks in Ardabil Province, Iran during 2004-2005. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 42(2), 137-141.
  • Tuncer, P., Yesilbag, K., Alpay, G., Dincer, E., Girisgin, A.O., Aydin, L., Uyar, Y., & Ozkul, A. (2014). Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever infection in domestic animals in Marmara region, Western Turkey. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 61, 49-53.
  • Turkish State Meteorological Service, (2023). Official Statistics. Accessed 28 May 2023, https://mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=H&m=KONYA Whitehouse, C. A. (2004). Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Antiviral Research, 64(3), 145-160.
  • Wikipedia, (2023). Konya. Accessed 28 May 2023, https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konya
  • Wölfel, R., Paweska, J. T., Petersen, N., Grobbelaar, A. A., Leman, P. A., Hewson, R., …& Drosten, C. (2007). Virus detection and monitoring of viral load in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus patients. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 13(7), 1097-1100.
  • Yapalı, G., Arslan, S., & Aksoy, C. C. (2022). Knowledge, practice, and attitudes about complementary and alternative medicine among physiotherapists in Turkey. Genel Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(3), 269-277.
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Murat Şevik 0000-0002-9604-3341

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 28 Haziran 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 01

Kaynak Göster

APA Şevik, M. (2023). A SURVEY of CRIMEAN-CONGO HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER VIRUS in RURAL AREAS of KONYA PROVINCE. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(01), 1-5.
AMA Şevik M. A SURVEY of CRIMEAN-CONGO HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER VIRUS in RURAL AREAS of KONYA PROVINCE. NEÜFHSJ. Haziran 2023;6(01):1-5.
Chicago Şevik, Murat. “A SURVEY of CRIMEAN-CONGO HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER VIRUS in RURAL AREAS of KONYA PROVINCE”. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 6, sy. 01 (Haziran 2023): 1-5.
EndNote Şevik M (01 Haziran 2023) A SURVEY of CRIMEAN-CONGO HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER VIRUS in RURAL AREAS of KONYA PROVINCE. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 6 01 1–5.
IEEE M. Şevik, “A SURVEY of CRIMEAN-CONGO HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER VIRUS in RURAL AREAS of KONYA PROVINCE”, NEÜFHSJ, c. 6, sy. 01, ss. 1–5, 2023.
ISNAD Şevik, Murat. “A SURVEY of CRIMEAN-CONGO HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER VIRUS in RURAL AREAS of KONYA PROVINCE”. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 6/01 (Haziran 2023), 1-5.
JAMA Şevik M. A SURVEY of CRIMEAN-CONGO HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER VIRUS in RURAL AREAS of KONYA PROVINCE. NEÜFHSJ. 2023;6:1–5.
MLA Şevik, Murat. “A SURVEY of CRIMEAN-CONGO HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER VIRUS in RURAL AREAS of KONYA PROVINCE”. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 6, sy. 01, 2023, ss. 1-5.
Vancouver Şevik M. A SURVEY of CRIMEAN-CONGO HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER VIRUS in RURAL AREAS of KONYA PROVINCE. NEÜFHSJ. 2023;6(01):1-5.