Vernacular or Modern; It’s All about Choosing Right Applications for Environmentally Friendly Architecture

Öz

In the past, passive vernacular architecture was used in the buildings so that the residents could live in a cool environment
in summer and warm environment in winter. Vernacular buildings were well-adjusted to local climatic conditions with
the best suitable materials. With the development of new techniques and materials; low-tech methods of vernacular
architecture were regarded as backward and have been ignored by architects of modern architecture and vernacular
applications were replaced by inappropriate architectural values along with their detrimental effects on the environment.
Different materials and technology for a comfortable life are available today; but without passive cooling features in
place, extensive use of air conditioning and energy has become inevitable for the houses to be thermally comfortable.
However; high heating and cooling costs pose an economic problem for low-income people. In this qualitative study; four
case studies, built in different periods of the XXth and XXIst centuries (from 1925 to 2020) were examined. Two mass
houses and two detached houses in Lefkoşa were selected and examined from the viewpoint of architectural elements.
The aim of this study is to analyze these houses in terms of building materials, building orientation and facade
characteristics and question if importance to vernacular applications were given to these buildings during the construction
in order to overcome negative effects of the hot dry climate of Lefkoşa. The results pointed out that only light building
color was used in all cases as a vernacular strategy. Except the modern building from the 2000-2020 period, the other
houses were oriented in the North-south direction. Reinforced concrete was used in three cases, except the Samanbahçe
mass houses where 50 cm thick adobe was used in the walls. Extension of the roof was provided only in Efruz houses.
Sun shading devices, which is one of the vernacular applications, was seen in the other three buildings however it was
neglected only in the modern building from the 2000-2020 period.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Vernacular architecture
• modern architecture
• sustainable architecture
• historical texture

Yerel veya Modern; Fark Etmez, Önemli Olan Doğa Dostu Mimarlık için Doğru Uygulamaları Seçebilmektir

Öz

Geçmiş dönemlerde insanların yazın serin, kışın ise sıcak bir ortamda yaşayabilmeleri için yapılarda, yerel mimarinin pasif stratejileri kullanılmıştır. Yerel mimari ile inşa edilen binalar, kullanılan en uygun malzemelerle yerel iklim koşullarına iyi uyum sağlamıştır. Yeni teknik ve malzemelerin geliştirilmesi ile; yerel mimarinin düşük teknolojiye dayanan yöntemleri geri kalmış mimari olarak kabul edildiği için, modern mimarlar tarafından, görmezden gelinmiş ve yerel mimari stratejileri yerini, çevreye zararlı etkileri olan mimari uygulamalara bırakmıştır. Konforlu bir yaşam için günümüzde farklı materyaller ve teknoloji mevcut olmasına rağmen, pasif soğutma özellikleri olmadan, yeni evlerin termal olarak konforlu olması için yoğun klima ve enerji kullanımı kaçınılmaz hale gelmiştir. Ancak; düşük gelir düzeyine sahip insanlar, için yüksek ısınma ve soğutma giderleri ekonomik yönden problem teşkil etmektedir. Bu nitel çalışmada; yirminci ve yirmi birinci yüzyılın farklı dönemlerinde (1925- 2020’ye kadar) farklı dönemlerde inşa edilmiş dört yapı incelenmiştir. Lefkoşa'da iki toplu konut ve iki müstakil ev seçilmiş ve mimari unsurlar açısından incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bu evleri malzeme, oryantasyon ve cephe özellikleri açısından karşılaştırmak ve Lefkoşa'nın sıcak kuru ikliminin olumsuz etkilerinin üstesinden gelmek için bu binaların yapımında yerel stratejilere önem verilip verilmediğini sorgulamaktır. Araştırma sonuçları; değerlendirmeye alınan tüm evlerde yerel mimari stratejisi olarak sadece açık bina renginin kullanıldığını ortaya koymuştur. 2000-2020 dönemine ait modern yapı dışında diğer konutların kuzey-güney doğrultusunda doğrultusunda konumlandırıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Duvarlarında 50 cm kalınlığında kerpiç kullanılan Samanbahçe evleri dışındaki diğer üç evde betonarme kullanılmıştır. Yerel mimari uygulaması olarak sadece Efruz evlerinde çatının uzatıldığı gözlenmiştir. Diğer üç binada gölgelik uygulaması görülmüş ancak sadece 2000-2020 döneminde yapılan modern evde yerel mimari uygulamalarından biri olan gölgelik uygulamasına rastlanamamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yerel mimari
• modern mimari
• sürdürülebilir mimari
• tarihi doku

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