<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="reviewer-report"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2149-3871</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30783/nevsosbilen.1240448</article-id>
                                                                                                                                                                                            <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>TRADE WARS AND FOREIGN TRADE</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>TİCARET SAVAŞLARI VE DIŞ TİCARET</article-title>
                                                                                                                                        </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0564-4326</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Fidan</surname>
                                    <given-names>Hüseyin</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>KTO KARATAY ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2891-7617</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Afşar</surname>
                                    <given-names>Bilge</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>KTO KARATAY ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20230331">
                    <day>03</day>
                    <month>31</month>
                    <year>2023</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>13</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>650</fpage>
                                        <lpage>664</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20230122">
                        <day>01</day>
                        <month>22</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20230211">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>11</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2011, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2011</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>In the first periods of history, humans, who consumed as much as they could produce, supplied most of these needs from different environments as a result of social, economic, and technological advances in the historical process. A number of conflicts have occurred in accordance with the interests of supply and demand. Today, this conflict area is realized through economic and commercial means in line with economic interests. In this study, a thousand-year time period is theoretically examined. While the countries were trying to direct the trade with their own ingenuity, in today&#039;s conditions, they found the opportunity to apply through international organizations and institutions created especially after the Second World War. It is aimed to compare the current situation by referring to the developments and results of the course of trade with the cross-border in the historical process and the relations with the development of foreign trade. The developments related to the world order caused by commercial purposes and policies and their effects on the development of trade routes and transportation costs are included.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Tarihin ilk dönemlerinde, üretebildiği kadarıyla tüketimde bulunan insan, tarihsel süreç içerisindeki sosyal, ekonomik ve teknolojik ilerlemeler neticesinde bu ihtiyaçlarının çoğunu farklı çevrelerden karşılar hale gelmiştir.  Arz ve talep çıkarları gereğince birtakım çatışmalar meydana gelmiştir. Günümüzde ise bu çatışma ortamı ekonomik çıkarlar doğrultusunda ekonomik ve ticari araçlar vasıtasıyla gerçekleşmektedir. Bu çalışmada, bin yıllık bir zaman dilimi teorik olarak incelenmiştir. Ülkeler bireysel olarak kendi marifetleriyle ticarete yön verme çabası içindeyken günümüz koşullarında ise özellikle 2. Dünya Savaşı sonrası oluşturulan uluslararası organizasyon ve kurumlar marifeti ile uygulama imkânı bulmuşlardır. Tarihi süreç içerisinde sınır ötesi ile ticaretin seyrine yönelik gelişmeler ve sonuçları ile dış ticaretin gelişimine yönelik ilişkilere değinilerek, mevcut durumun kıyaslanması amaçlanmıştır. Ticari amaç ve politikaların yol açtığı dünya düzenine ilişkin gelişmeler ile ticaret yollarının gelişimi ve taşıma maliyetleri üzerine etkisine yer verilmiştir.</p></abstract>
                                                                                    
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Ticaret Savaşları</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Dış Ticaret</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Sanayi Devrimi</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Trade Wars</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Foreign Trade</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Industrial Revolution</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="de">
                                                    <kwd>Trade Wars</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Foreign Trade</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Industrial Revolution</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Barrett, W. (1990). World bullion ﬂows, 1450–1800. J. Tracy (Ed.), In The Rise of Merchant Empires: Long Distance Trade in the Early Modern World 1350–1750 (p. 1462). Cambridge University Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bekaroğlu, E. (2022). Antroposen: küresel değişimin politiği. DTCF Dergisi 62.2(2022): 1130-1149.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bernhofen, D. M., &amp; Brown, J.C. (2004). A direct test of the theory of comparative advantage: the case of Japan. Journal of Political Economy 112: 48-67.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Canıtez, M. (2011). Uluslararası pazarlamada lojistik ve uygulamalar. Gazi Kitabevi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Crafts, N. F. R., &amp; Harley, C.K. (1992). Output growth and the British Industrial Revolution: a restatement of the Crafts–Harley view. Economic History Review 44:703–730.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cuenca Esteban, J. (2004). Comparative patterns of colonial trade: Britain and its rivals. L. Prados de la Escosura (Ed.), In Exceptionalism and Industrialisation: Britain and Its European Rivals, 1688– 1815). Cambridge University Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Çaylı, Ş. &amp; Babahanoğlu, V. (2020). ABD&#039;nin küresel hegemonik üstünlüğünde ticaret savaşlarının araçsallaştırılması. Uluslararası Kültürel ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi (UKSAD), 6 (1), Yaz, s. 342-355.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Çetin, A. (2004). Memluklar devrinde karimi tüccarları. Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt 23, Sayı 35, 2004, 71-87.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Davis, R. (1962). English foreign trade 1700–1774. Economic History Review 15: 285-303.
Davos&#039;ta ana gündem gıda ve enerji krizi (2021). 16 Ocak 2023 tarihinde https://www.ekonomim.com/kuresel-ekonomi/davosta-ana-gundem-gida-ve-enerji-krizi-haberi-658297 adresinden alındı.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ferrier, R. (1986). Trade from the mid-14th century to the end of the Safavid period. P. Jackson and L. Lockhart (Ed.), In The Cambridge History of Iran, volume 6 (p. 486). The Timuridand Safavid Periods. Cambridge University Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Findlay, R. &amp; O’Rourke, K.H. (2007). Power and plenty: trade, war and the world economy in the second millennium. Princeton University Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Görçün, Ö.F. (2020). Dördüncü endüstri devrimi endüstri 4.0. Beta Yayıncılık.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Haider, N. (2002). Global networks of exchange, the India trade, and the mercantile economy of Safavid Iran. I. Habib (Ed.), In A Shared Heritage: The Growth of Civilization in India and Iran (p. 197). New Delhi: Aligarh Historians Society, Tulika Books.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hugill, P. J. (1993). World Trade since 1431. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hummels, D. (1999). Have international transportation costs declined? Mimeo, University of Chicago.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Inalcik, H. (1994). The Ottoman state: economy and society 1300–1600. H. Inalcik and D. Quataert (Ed.), In An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire 1300–1914 (p. 227). Cambridge University Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mazumdar, S. (1998). Sugar and society in China: Peasants, technology and the world market. Harvard University Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mitchell, B. R. (1992). International historical statistics: Europe 1750–1988, 3rd edn. New York: Stockton Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Naquin, S., &amp; Rawski E.S. (1987). Chinese Society in the Eighteenth Century. Yale University Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Seeley, J. R. (1971). The Expansion of England. University of Chicago Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Seyidoğlu, H. (2020). Uluslararası iktisat. Güzem Can Yayınları.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Solmaz, S, &amp; Saygılı M.S. (2008). Konteynerin tarihçesi ve koneyner gemilerinin gelişimleri. Murat Erdal (Ed.), Konteyner Deniz ve Liman İşletmeciliği içinde, 3-18. Beta Yayınevi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ünver, M. Sömürgecilik tarihi [PDF belgesi]. 12 Ocak 2023 tarihinde www.clouds.com.tr/web/uploads/dosya/ 285450.pdf adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
