Research Article

Mythological Continuity Between Ninurta and Marduk in the Ancient Mesopotamian Chaoskampf Tradition

Volume: 8 Number: 2 September 27, 2026
EN TR

Mythological Continuity Between Ninurta and Marduk in the Ancient Mesopotamian Chaoskampf Tradition

Abstract

The motif of the War of Chaos (Chaoskampf) is a widespread mythological concept that serves as the ultimate justification for all royal actions and forms the basis of all military operations. Each of the heroic tales about warrior gods in Mesopotamia references the poems that came before it and forms a coherent group within a historical context. Indirect references are embedded in these tales, showing how a god is recognized by demonstrating his power and how a hero, using allusive devices to prove his superiority over his ancestors, essentially amplifies the power of one or more gods. The god Ninurta is the earliest hero of the chaoskampf myth, which expresses the battle against chaos in Mesopotamia, his struggle against mountains, monsters, and demons forms the cornerstone of his mythology. It is particularly noteworthy that the Babylonian god Marduk, in the 2nd millennium BCE, rose to equal rank with Ninurta’s father Enlil, yet incorporated Ninurta’s warlike qualities and heroic deeds into his own persona. Among Ninurta’s tales of battling chaos, the most significant are the Lugal-e and Anzu Epic. Another major work featuring this deity as the hero is Angim, which recounts his journey following his victory over the demon Asag. The themes and motifs of these three mythological stories contain certain elements that foreshadow Marduk, who later became the chief god of Babylon. The aim of this study is to examine the reflections of Marduk and Enuma Eliš within the framework of these three mythological stories belonging to Ninurta.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Ancient History (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

September 27, 2026

Submission Date

May 20, 2026

Acceptance Date

September 18, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 8 Number: 2

APA
Dilek, Y. (2026). Mythological Continuity Between Ninurta and Marduk in the Ancient Mesopotamian Chaoskampf Tradition. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History, 8(2), 355-368. https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.1955528
AMA
1.Dilek Y. Mythological Continuity Between Ninurta and Marduk in the Ancient Mesopotamian Chaoskampf Tradition. OANNES. 2026;8(2):355-368. doi:10.33469/oannes.1955528
Chicago
Dilek, Yeşim. 2026. “Mythological Continuity Between Ninurta and Marduk in the Ancient Mesopotamian Chaoskampf Tradition”. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History 8 (2): 355-68. https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.1955528.
EndNote
Dilek Y (September 1, 2026) Mythological Continuity Between Ninurta and Marduk in the Ancient Mesopotamian Chaoskampf Tradition. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History 8 2 355–368.
IEEE
[1]Y. Dilek, “Mythological Continuity Between Ninurta and Marduk in the Ancient Mesopotamian Chaoskampf Tradition”, OANNES, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 355–368, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.33469/oannes.1955528.
ISNAD
Dilek, Yeşim. “Mythological Continuity Between Ninurta and Marduk in the Ancient Mesopotamian Chaoskampf Tradition”. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History 8/2 (September 1, 2026): 355-368. https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.1955528.
JAMA
1.Dilek Y. Mythological Continuity Between Ninurta and Marduk in the Ancient Mesopotamian Chaoskampf Tradition. OANNES. 2026;8:355–368.
MLA
Dilek, Yeşim. “Mythological Continuity Between Ninurta and Marduk in the Ancient Mesopotamian Chaoskampf Tradition”. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History, vol. 8, no. 2, Sept. 2026, pp. 355-68, doi:10.33469/oannes.1955528.
Vancouver
1.Yeşim Dilek. Mythological Continuity Between Ninurta and Marduk in the Ancient Mesopotamian Chaoskampf Tradition. OANNES. 2026 Sep. 1;8(2):355-68. doi:10.33469/oannes.1955528

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