Near Synonymy Analysis of Three Adverbials: Surprisingly, Astonishingly and Amazingly

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 627 - 648, 02.08.2022

Cemre İşler

https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1048617

Öz

The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent of the similarities and differences among one-word adverbials (surprisingly, astonishingly, amazingly) in terms of meaning, register and collocational constraints. These adverbials are considered roughly synonymous of one another. But we should be skeptical about their full synonymy, though their dictionary meanings show that these words can be substitutable with one another. In order to demonstrate the extent of the similarities in terms of their meanings, three standard dictionaries of English were used. As for the extent of the differences in terms of their meanings, two dictionaries of synonymy discriminations were used. Also, the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) was analyzed to provide further understanding to the differences among these words in terms of meaning, register and collocational constraints. According to the findings, though these words were given as interchangeable in meaning and considered synonyms of one another, they were actually not completely substitutable with one another. Rather, they differ in their shades of meanings. That is why these three words should be considered as near-synonyms. Also, the findings revealed that these three words differed from one another in terms of frequency of occurrences and the frequency of use across registers to a great extent. Finally, the findings showed that these three words mostly collocate with enough as post-modifier. However, only surprisingly collocate with not as pre-modifier.

Anahtar Kelimeler

near synonymy, adverbial, surprisingly, astonishingly, amazingly, COCA

Üç Zarfın Yakın Eşanlamlılık Analizi: Surprisingly, Astonishingly ve Amazingly

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, tek kelimelik zarflar (surprisingly, astonishingly ve amazingly) arasındaki benzerlik ve farklılıkların anlam, kesit ve eşdizimsel kısıtlamalar açısından ne ölçüde olduğunu araştırmaktır. Anlamları bakımından benzerliklerin boyutunu göstermek için üç standart İngilizce sözlük kullanılmıştır. Farklılıkların anlam bakımından boyutlarının incelenmesine gelince, iki farklı eş anlamlılar sözlüğü kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, Çağdaş Amerikan İngilizcesi Derlemi (COCA), bu kelimeler arasındaki anlam, kesit ve eşdizimsel kısıtlamalar açısından farklılıkların daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlamak için analiz edilmiş ve bulgulara ilişkin örnekler sunulmasında kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre, bu kelimeler sözlüklerde anlamca birbirinin yerine geçebilecek şekilde birbirinin eş anlamlısı olarak verilse de aslında tam olarak birbirinin yerine geçememiş ve detayda anlamları farklılık göstermiştir. Bu yüzden bu üç kelime yakın eş anlamlı olarak kabul edilmelidir. Ayrıca bulgular, bu üç kelimenin oluşum sıklığı ve kesitler arasında kullanım sıklığı açısından birbirinden büyük ölçüde farklılık gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Son olarak, bulgular, bu üç kelimenin çoğunlukla sonlamalı niteleyen olarak “enough” ile yan yana geldiğini göstermiş olup, bununla birlikte, yalnızca “surprisingly” zarfının ön-niteleyen olarak “not” ile birlikte kullanıldığını ortaya çıkarmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

yakın eş anlamlılık, zarf, surprisingly, astonishingly, amazingly, COCA

Kaynakça

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