<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article         dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>yok</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>OLBA</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1301-7667</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2687-6558</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Mersin Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                                                                                                                                            <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>ANADOLU’DAN ÖRNEKLERLE DEMİR ÇAĞ’INDA CAM</article-title>
                                                                                                                                        </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Erten</surname>
                                    <given-names>Emel</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Emel Erten, Mersin Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Arkeoloji Bölümü, 33342 Çiftlikköy  Kampüsü, Mersin</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20040501">
                    <day>05</day>
                    <month>01</month>
                    <year>2004</year>
                </pub-date>
                                                    <issue>9</issue>
                                        <fpage>95</fpage>
                                        <lpage>113</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1998, OLBA</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1998</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>OLBA</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                                        <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>Almost one hundred years after the invention of glass as a “material” inMesopotamia the earliest glass vessels were produced in the mid 2ndmillenniumB.C. The major production centers for these earliest glass vessels were in Mitanniand Egypt. There was also several archaeological and linguistic evidence concerning with the glass production in the Aegean region by Mycenaeans and in Anatoliaby Hittites. After the fall of the great civilizations of the Bronze Age by the end ofthe 2ndmillennium B.C. and following the Dark Age, the Iron Age witnessed therevival of the glass production in the ancient world, particularly in Assyria andPhoenicia.The aim of our study is to trace the evolution of glass production in ancientcontemporary Anatolian centers. There are recorded glass finds belonging to theIron Age from Phrygian, Lydian and Urartian findspots. For instance, the phialemesomphalos from Gordion which is an import from Assyria or the glass workshop discovered in Sardis both revealing the importance of glass in Anatolianculture. In addition to these, glass finds are recorded from many Urartian sites inthe Eastern Anatolia. These were either glass inlays or beads, but not vessels.At present, there is no evidence for glass from Late Hittite centers in southeastern Anatolia, but the region’s geographical location near the important glassproduction sites in Assyria and Phoenicia suggests the use/production of glass</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                
                                                                                                                                                    </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Akurgal 1995 Akurgal, E., Hatti ve Hitit Uygarl›klar›, ‹zmir. Atik 1998 Atik, fi., “‹stanbul Arkeoloji Müzelerinde Bulunan ‹.Ö. II. ve I. Biny›llara ait Mezopotamya Cam Eserleri”, XXXIV. Uluslararas› Assiriyoloji Kongresi- 6-10.VII.1987 ‹stanbul, Ankara, 365-376, 89-96, lev. 89-96.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">AJA American Journal of Archaeology.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Barag 1984 Barag, D., “Glass Inlays and the Classification and Dating of Ivories from the Ninth-Eighth Centuries B.C.”, Anatolian Studies XXXIII (Special Number in Honour of the SeventyFifth Birthday of Dr. Richard Barnett, 163-167.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Barag 1985 Barag, D., Catalogue of Western Asiatic Glass in the British Museum, Vol. I, Londra.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Barag 1970 Barag, D., “Mesopotamian Core-Formed Glass Vessels (1500-500 B.C.)”, GGAM, s.129-199, fig.1-101</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Barag 1988 Barag, D., “Glass Inlays and the Classification and Dating of Ivories from the Ninth -Eighth Centuries B.C.”, Anatolian Studies XXXII (Special Number in Honour of the Seventy-Fifth Birthday of Dr. Richard Barnett, 163-167.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bass 1967 Bass, G.F., “Cape Gelidonya: A Bronze Age Shipwreck”, Transactions of the American Philisophical Society, Vol.57, Part 8.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bass 1985 Bass, G.F., “The Uluburun Shipwreck, VII.Kaz› Sonuçlar› Toplant›s› (Cilt 2), 619-635.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bass 1986 Bass, G.F., “Underwater Excavation of the Uluburun Shipwreck”, Kaz› Sonuçlar› Toplant›s›, VIII. 2, 291-302.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bass 1987 Bass, G.F., “Oldest Known Shipwreck Reveals Splendors of the Bronze Age”, National Geographic, Vol. 172, No.6, 693- 732.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Becks 2002 Becks, R., “Yüksek Troia Kültürü: Troia VI/VIIa” Troya: Efsane ile Gerçek Aras› bir Kente Yolculuk,‹stanbul, 84-93.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Belli 2003 (a) Belli, O., “Urartu Krall›¤› ile ‹lgili Araflt›rmalar›n Tarihçesi”, Urartu: Savafl ve Estetik - Urartu: War and Aesthetics ‹stanbul, s.13-43.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Belli 2003 (b) Belli, O., “Katalog”, Urartu: Savafl ve Estetik - Urartu: War and Aesthetics, ‹stanbul, 134-279.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bosanquet-Dawkins 1923 Bosanquet, R.C. - Dawkins, R.M., “The Unpublished Objects from the Palaikastro Excavations 1902-1906”, The British School at Athens Supplementary Paper, no. 1.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Boysal 1964 Boysal, Y., “Milli E¤itim Bakanl›¤› Müsgebi Kaz›s› 1963 Y›l› K›sa Raporu”, XIII. Türk Arkeoloji Dergisi, 81-85.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Brill-Cahill 1988 Brill, R.H. - Cahill, N., “A Red Opaque Glass from Sardis and Some Thoughts on Red Opaques in General”, JGS XXX, s.16-27.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Coflkun 1997 Coflkun, Y., “Cam Hamuru, Fayans”, Archivum AnatolicumAnadolu Arflivleri-Emin Bilgiç An› Kitab› 3, Ankara, 67-73.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Çambel 2001 Çambel, H., “Karatepe-Aslantafl Öyküsü”, Bo¤azköy’den Karatepe’ye Hititbilim ve Hitit Dünyas›n›n Keflfi, ‹stanbul, 122-143.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ç›nardal› 1995 Ç›nardal›, N., “Panaztepe Kaz›s›nda Ele Geçen Bir Grup Cam Süs Eflyas›”, In Memoriam ‹. Metin Akyurt-Bahattin DevamAn› Kitab›-Eski Yak›n Do¤u Kültürleri Üzerinde ‹ncelemeler, Ankara, 67-73.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Dinçol 1982 Dinçol, A.M., “Geç Hititler”, Anadolu Uygarl›klar›- Görsel Adadolu Tarihi Ansiklopedisi, ‹stanbul, 121-131.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Erten Ya¤c› 1998 Erten Ya¤c›, E., “‹.Ö. ‹kinci Binde Anadolu’da Cam”, OLBA I, 29-44.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Fossing 1940 Fossing, P., Glass Vessels Before Glass Blowing, Kopenhag. Frankfort 1934 Frankfort, H., “Technical Achievements of the Third Millennium B.C. as Evidenced at Tell Asmar”, Iraq Excavations of the Oriental Institute 1932-1933 , Chicago- Illinois.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">GGAM Oppenheim, A.L. - Brill, R.H. - Barag, D. - von Saldern, A., Glass and Glassmaking in Ancient Mesopotamia, Corning 1970.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Greenewalt 1987 Greenewalt Jr., C.H., “Sardis : Archaeological Research in 1986”, IX. Kaz› Sonuçlar› Toplant›s› (Cilt 2) , s.41-58.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Grose 1989 Grose, D.F., The Toledo Museum of Art - Early Ancient Glass, New York.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hall 1930 Hall, H.R., A Season’s Work at Ur, Londra.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Harden 1968 Harden, D.B., “Ancient Glass, I: Pre-Roman”, The Archaeological Journal , Vol. CXXV, 46-72</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">JGS Journal of Glass Studies</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">JRS Journal of Roman Archaeology Layard 2000 Layard, A.H., Ninova ve Kal›nt›lar› (Niniveh and its Remains’den - 1849- çeviri: Zafer Avflar), ‹stanbul.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lightfoot 1991 Lightfoot, C.S., “Glass in the Iron Age”, Anatolian Iron AgesIron Age Colloquium held in ‹zmir 4-8.May.1987- British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara Monograph 13, 67-73.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mitchell 1984 Mitchell, T.C., “An Urartian Lead Figurine from Toprak Kale”, Anatolian Studies XXXIII (Special Number in Honour of the Seventy-Fifth Birthday of Dr. Richard Barnett, 157-162.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Oates 2001 Oates, J. - Oates, D., Nimrud- An Assyrian Imperial City Revealed, London.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Oppenheim 1970 Oppenheim, A.L., The Cuneiform Texts, GGAM, s.1-102, 230-231.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Oppenheim 1973 Oppenheim, A.L., “A Note on Research in Mesopotamian Glass”, JGS XV, 9-11.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Özet 1998 Özet, A., Dipten Gelen Par›lt›-Bodrum Sualt› Arkeoloji Müzesi Eserleri, Ankara.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Özgen-Öztürk 1996 Özgen, ‹. - Öztürk, J., Heritage Recovered- The Lydian Treasure, ‹stanbul.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref37">
                        <label>37</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Petrie 1894 Petrie, W.M.F., Tell el Amarna, London.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref38">
                        <label>38</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Polvani 2001 Polvani, A.M., “KBo XXXI 55 e il Problema della Fabbricazione del Vetro in Anatolia”, Poikilma- Studi in onore di Michele R. Cataudella in Occasione del 60. Compleanno, Vol. 2, 1045-1048.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref39">
                        <label>39</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ramage 1978 Ramage, A., “Gold Refining at the Time of the Lydian Kings of Sardis”, The Proceedings of the X th International Congress of Classical Archaeology, Ankara-‹zmir 23- 30.Sept.1973,Ankara, 729-735.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref40">
                        <label>40</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ramage 1987 Ramage, N.H., “The Arts in Sardis”, Sardis, Twenty Seven Years of Discovery, Chicago, 26-35.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref41">
                        <label>41</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rimschneider 1974 Riemschneider, K.K., “Die Glasherstellung in Anatolien nach Hethitischen Quellen”, Anatolian Studies Presented to Hans Gustav Gütterbock on the occasion of his 65th Birthday, ‹stanbul, 263-278.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref42">
                        <label>42</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">von Saldern 1966 von Saldern, A., “Mosaic Glass from Hasanlu, Marlik and Tell al Rimah”, JGS VIII, 9-25.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref43">
                        <label>43</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">von Saldern 1970 von Saldern, A., “Other Mesopotamian Glass Vessels 1500- 600 B.C.”, GGAM, s.203-228.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref44">
                        <label>44</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sardis 1990 Greenewalt Jr., C.H. - Cahill, N.D. - Dedeo¤lu, H. - Herrmann, P., “The Sardis Campaign of 1986”, Preliminary Reports of Asor-Sponsored Excavations 1983-1987 (ed. W.E. Rast), Baltimore, 137-177.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref45">
                        <label>45</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sevin-Kavakl› 1995 Sevin, V. - Kavakl›, E., “Van Karagündüz Erken Demir Ça¤› Nekropolü Kurtarma Kaz›lar›”, XVI. Kaz› Sonuçlar› Toplant›s› (Cilt I), 331-350.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref46">
                        <label>46</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sevin-Kavakl› 1996 Sevin, V. - Kavakl›, E., Bir Erken Demir Ça¤› Nekropolü: Van - Karagündüz , ‹stanbul.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref47">
                        <label>47</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Stern 1997 Stern, E.M., “Glass and rock crystal: a multifaceted relationship”, JRS 10, 192-206. Stern/Schlick-Nolte 1994 Stern, E.M. - Schlick Nolte, B., Early Glass of the Ancient World 1600-A.D 50 - Ernesto Wolf Collection, Stuttgart.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref48">
                        <label>48</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sümer 1960 Sümer, O., “Asur Hafriyat› ve Küçük Buluntular›”, ‹stanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri Y›ll›¤›, XXII, 29-30.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref49">
                        <label>49</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Trowbridge 1930 Trowbridge, M.L., Philological Studies in Ancient Glass, Illinois.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref50">
                        <label>50</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Vermeule 1967 Vermeule, E.T., “A”Mycenaean Jeweller’s Mould”, Bulletin: Museum of Fine Arts-Boston, LXV 339, 19-32.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref51">
                        <label>51</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Weinberg 1992 Weinberg, G.D., Glass Vessels in Ancient Greece, Atina. Young 1957 Young, R.S., “Discoveries at Gordion”, Archaeology IX, 263-267.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
