<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article         dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>yok</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>OLBA</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1301-7667</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2687-6558</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Mersin Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                                                                                                                                            <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>CILICIA AT THE CROSSROADS:TRANSFORMATIONS OF BATHS ANDBATHING CULTURE IN THE ROMAN EAST</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>CILICIA AT THE CROSSROADS:TRANSFORMATIONS OF BATHS ANDBATHING CULTURE IN THE ROMAN EAST</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>K. Yegül</surname>
                                    <given-names>Fikret</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>University of California, Department of History and Architecture, 93106-  7080 Santa Barbara, USA- California.</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20031101">
                    <day>11</day>
                    <month>01</month>
                    <year>2003</year>
                </pub-date>
                                                    <issue>8</issue>
                                        <fpage>49</fpage>
                                        <lpage>87</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1998, OLBA</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1998</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>OLBA</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                                        <abstract><p>The subject of bathing in antiquity holds a certain appeal to both the specialist and the lay person because of the warmth, richness, and immediacy of the human activities it represents. The leisurely and sensuous world of Roman baths – bathing, eating, drinking, massage, exercise, or simply the pleasure of companionship in an intimate and luxurious setting – interests and intrigues us. We are intrigued because antiquity has taken what is, to us, a basic and prosaic function – bathing – and elevated it to the level of a cultural and recreational act, a civic institution for which there is no real counterpart in modern Western civilization.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                
                                                                                                                                                    </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Alfoldi (Rosenbaum) 1966 Alfoldi, E., (Rosenbaum), “Excavations and Restorations in Anemurium”, Türk Arkeoloji Dergisi, XV-1, pp.5-8.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Antioch 1934 Antioch-on-the-Orontes I: The Excavations of 1932, ed. G.W. Elderkin, Princeton.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Antioch 1938 Antioch-on-the-Orontes II: The Excavations of 1933-36, ed. R.Stillwell, Princeton.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Antioch 1941 Antioch-on-the-Orontes III: The Excavations of 1937-39, ed. R. Stillwell, Princeton.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Berger 1982 Berger, A., “Das Bad in Byzantinische Zeit”, Miscellanea Byzantina Monacensia, no.27, Munich.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Blasquez 1981 Blasquez, J.M., “Las Pinturas Hellenisticas de Qusayr Amra”, Archivo Espanol de Arqueologia 54, pp.157-90</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Blasquez 1983 Blasquez, J.M., “Las Pinturas Hellenisticas de Qusayr Amra”, Archivo Espanol de Arqueologia 56 , pp.169-96.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Brown 1936 Brown, F.E., “The Roman Baths” in: The Excavations at Dura-Europos. Preliminary Report of the Sixth Season of Work, 1932-1933, ed. M. I. Rostovtzeff , New Haven 193, pp.49-77, 84-106.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Butler 1903 Butler, H.C., Architecture and Other Arts, New York.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Butler 1920 Butler, H.C., Ancient Architecture in Syria. Northern Syria</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Section B (Publications of the Princeton University Archaeological Expedition in Syria, 1904-05 and 1909), Leiden.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">CSEL Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiaticorum Latinorum. Campbell 1988 Campbell, S. (ed.), The Mosaics of Antioch, Toronto.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Dodge 1990 Dodge, H., “The Architectural Impact of Rome in the East” in Architecture and Architectural Sculpture in the East, ed. M. Henig, Oxford.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Downey 1961 Downey, G., A History of Antioch in Syria, Princeton. Farrington 1987 Farrington, A., “Imperial Bath Buildings in Southwest Asia Minor,” in: Roman Architecture in the Greek World, eds. S. Macready and F. H. Thompson (Occasional Papers of the Society of Antiquaries of London), London, pp.50-59.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Grabar 1954 Grabar, O., “The Paintings of the Six Kings at Qusayr Amrah,” Ars Orientalis I (1954), pp.185-87</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Grabar 1970 Grabar, O., “Three Seasons of Excavations,” Ars Orientalis 8, pp. 65-86, fig. 31.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Grabar 1975 Grabar, O., The Formation of Islamic Art, New Haven.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gregorius 1891-99 Gregorius I, P., Registrum Epistolarum (ed. P. Ewald and L.M. Hartmann), Berlin , I, xiii, 3 (: Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Epistolae)</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Harding 1967 Harding, G.L., The Antiquities of Jordan, New York (rev. ed. of London, 1959).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Holod-Tretiak 1907 Holod-Tretiak, R., “Qasr al-Hayr,” Archaeology 23, 221-31.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Huber 1969 Huber, G., “Die Restaurierung der Therme II-7A in Anamur,” Türk Arkeoloji Dergisi XVIII-2, pp.47-50.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">JRA Journal of Roman Archaeology. Kennedy 1996 Kennedy, D., “Syria,” in: Cambridge Ancient History, 2nd ed., vol. 10: The Augustan Empire, 43 B.C.-A.D. 69</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">eds. A. Bowman, E. Champlin and A. Lintott, Cambridge, pp.181-98.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kandoleon 2000 Kondoleon, C., “The City of Antioch: An Introduction,” Antioch, the Lost Ancient City, Princeton, pp.203-11.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lassus 1932 Lassus, J., “La Mosaique de Yakto,” in: Antioch-on-theOrontes I: The Excavations of 1932, ed. G. W. Elderkin, Princeton, pp.114-56.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Levi 1947 Levi, D., Antioch Mosaic Pavements (2 vols.), Princeton. Liebeschuetz 1938 Liebeschuetz, W., “Imperial Building Records in Malalas”, Byzantinische Zeitschrift 38, pp.1-15.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Liebeschuetz 1972 Liebeschuetz, W., Antioch: City and Imperial Admnistration in the Later Roman Empire, Oxford.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Liebeschuetz 1992 Liebeschuetz, W., “The End of the Ancient City,” in: J. Rich, The City in Classical Antiquity, London, pp.1-49.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Morey 1938 Morey, C.R., The Mosaics of Antioch, New York. Musil 1907 Musil, A., Kusejr Amra, (2 vols), Vienna.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Robert 1948 Robert, L., “Epigrammes relatives a des gouverneurs” Hellenica 4, pp.35-114.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rosenbaum 1967 Rosenbaum, E. – Huber, G. – Onurkan, S., A Survey of Coastal Cities in Western Cilicia, Ankara.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Russell 1973 “Recent Excavations at Roman Anemurium, 1969-73,” The Prodeedings of the Xth Congress of Archaeology, ed. E. Akurgal, Ankara , II, pp.916-20.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Russell 1975 Russell, J., “Excavations in Anemurium, 1973,” Türk Arkeoloji Dergisi XXII-2, pp.121-24.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Smith 1967 Smith, L.C., “Excavation Report, Eski Anamur, 1967”, Türk Arkeoloji Dergisi XVI-1, pp. 137-40.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Spanu 1994 Spanu, M., “L’opus reticulatum e mixtum nelle province asiatiche”, L’Africa romana (Atti dell’XI convegno di studi Cartagine, 15-18 dicembre 1994), pp. 923-39.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tchalenko 1953 Tchalenko, G., Villages antiques de la Syrie du Nord (3 Vols.), Paris.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref37">
                        <label>37</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ward-Perkins 1978 Ward-Perkins, J.B., “Architecture of Roman Anatolia: the Roman Contributiuon,” in Proceedings of the Xth International Congress of Classical Archaeology, Ankara-Izmir</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref38">
                        <label>38</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">23-30/9/1973, Ankara, pp. 881-91.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref39">
                        <label>39</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ward-Perkins 1981 Ward-Perkins, J.B., Roman Imperial Architecture, New York. Yegül 1992 Yegül, F., Baths and Bathing in Classical Antiquity, New York (reprint 1994).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref40">
                        <label>40</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yegül 1993 Yegül, F., “The Roman Baths at Isthmia in their Mediterranean Context,” The Corinthia in the Roman Period, ed. T.E.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref41">
                        <label>41</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gregory (JRA Supplement no. 8), Ann Arbor, pp.??? Yegül 2000 Yegül, F., “Baths and Bathing in Roman Antioch,” in: Antioch, the Lost Ancient City, ed C. Kondoleon, Princeton, pp.146- 51.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref42">
                        <label>42</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zayadine1978 Zayadine, F., “The Umayyad Frescoes of Quseir ‘Amra” Archaeology 31.3 (1978), 19-29.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
