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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>anajas</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1308-8750</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">1308-8769</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                                                                                                                                            <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>FUNGAL SİSTEMATİKTEKİ MOLEKÜLER GELİŞMELER</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>FUNGAL SİSTEMATİKTEKİ MOLEKÜLER GELİŞMELER</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Kılıçoğlu</surname>
                                    <given-names>Melike</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Özkoç</surname>
                                    <given-names>İbrahim</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20080227">
                    <day>02</day>
                    <month>27</month>
                    <year>2008</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>23</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>65</fpage>
                                        <lpage>72</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20121204">
                        <day>12</day>
                        <month>04</month>
                        <year>2012</year>
                    </date>
                                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1986, Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1986</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>on yıllarda moleküler biyolojide yaşanan baş döndürücü gelişmeler biyolojinin bütün alanlarını olumlu yönde etkilemiştir. Bu gelişmeler fungal sistematikte de etkisini göstererek hızlı ve güvenilir teşhislere olanak sağlamıştır. Moleküler çalışmalar yaygınlaşmadan önce morfolojiye ve biyokimyasal tekniklere dayalı araştırmalar yoğun olarak yapılmaktaydı. Ancak bu çalışmalarda özellikle morfolojik olarak yapılan gözlemlerle sonuçlara ulaşmak hem fazlasıyla deneyim hem de oldukça fazla zaman gerektirmekte, ayrıca sonuçlar zaman zaman araştırıcılara göre farlılıklar gösterebilmekteydi. Bu nedenlerle artık geleneksel yöntemlerin yanısıra moleküler yöntemler de fungal sistematikte sıkça kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bunlardan bazıları, giderek yaygın bir kullanım alanı bulan PCR temelli teknikler ve özellikle DNA dizileme çalışmalarıdır. Fungal sistematikte, değişikliğin ilk meydana geldiği moleküller olan DNA üzerinde çalışmalar yapmak, hem güvenilir hem de hızlı sonuçlar elde etmemizi sağlamaktadır. DNA molekülünde organizmaların evrimini yansıtabilecek türe özgü bölgeler (evrimsel kronometre) olduğu için taksonomik çalışmalarda tercih edilmektedir. Fungal sistematikte en çok tercih edilen bölge ribozomal DNA (rDNA) birimi içinde yer alan 18S rDNA’nın yanısıra Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS)’dır. Kodlanmayan bölge olan ITS daha hızlı evrim geçiren bir bölge olup bir tür içindeki suşların yada bir cins içindeki fungal türlerin karşılaştırılması için kullanışlıdır. Moleküler yöntemlerdeki bu gelişmeler, özellikle ekonomik öneme sahip bitkilerde büyük hasara neden olan ve ürün kalitesini etkileyen hastalık etmeni fungusların kısa süre içinde teşhisinde ve bu doğrultuda önlemlerin alınmasında da faydalı olmuştur.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Son yıllarda moleküler biyolojide yaşanan baş döndürücü gelişmeler biyolojinin bütün alanlarını olumlu yönde etkilemiştir. Bu gelişmeler fungal sistematikte de etkisini göstererek hızlı ve güvenilir teşhislere olanak sağlamıştır. Moleküler çalışmalar yaygınlaşmadan önce morfolojiye ve biyokimyasal tekniklere dayalı araştırmalar yoğun olarak yapılmaktaydı. Ancak bu çalışmalarda özellikle morfolojik olarak yapılan gözlemlerle sonuçlara ulaşmak hem fazlasıyla deneyim hem de oldukça fazla zaman gerektirmekte, ayrıca sonuçlar zaman zaman araştırıcılara göre farlılıklar gösterebilmekteydi. Bu nedenlerle artık geleneksel yöntemlerin yanısıra moleküler yöntemler de fungal sistematikte sıkça kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bunlardan bazıları, giderek yaygın bir kullanım alanı bulan PCR temelli teknikler ve özellikle DNA dizileme çalışmalarıdır. Fungal sistematikte, değişikliğin ilk meydana geldiği moleküller olan DNA üzerinde çalışmalar yapmak, hem güvenilir hem de hızlı sonuçlar elde etmemizi sağlamaktadır. DNA molekülünde organizmaların evrimini yansıtabilecek türe özgü bölgeler (evrimsel kronometre) olduğu için taksonomik çalışmalarda tercih edilmektedir. Fungal sistematikte en çok tercih edilen bölge ribozomal DNA (rDNA) birimi içinde yer alan 18S rDNA’nın yanısıra Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS)’dır. Kodlanmayan bölge olan ITS daha hızlı evrim geçiren bir bölge olup bir tür içindeki suşların yada bir cins içindeki fungal türlerin karşılaştırılması için kullanışlıdır. Moleküler yöntemlerdeki bu gelişmeler, özellikle ekonomik öneme sahip bitkilerde büyük hasara neden olan ve ürün kalitesini etkileyen hastalık etmeni fungusların kısa süre içinde teşhisinde ve bu doğrultuda önlemlerin alınmasında da faydalı olmuştur</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Fungal sistematik</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   Teşhis</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   rDNA</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   ITS</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   PCR</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   DNA dizileme</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Fungal sistematik</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   Teşhis</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   rDNA</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   ITS</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   PCR</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   DNA dizileme</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
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