Effect of lead exposure during perinatal period on kidney of adult offspring in rat: A stereological study

Abstract

Lead is the most common toxic metal in nature, and its adverse effects on various organs, including the kidneys. Kidney development is a complex process that is influenced by various environmental factors. Although lead toxicity can occur at any age, it is important in pregnant mothers and infants. Therefore, in this study, the effects of low dose lead administration on kidney offspring in rat model were investigated using stereology technique. The animals were randomly divided into in to five groups. Group 1 (control) animals had access to normal drinking water plus 0.5 ml/liter of glacial acetic acid (as a lead acetate solvent) through the study. Group 2 animals were administrated 0.2% of lead acetate in drinking water for 30 days before mating. Group 3 rats received drinking water with 0.2% of lead for 21 days during pregnancy. Group 4 animals received 0.2% of lead acetate in drinking water for 21 days during lactation. Group 5 animals were given 0.2 % lead acetate in drinking water during pre-pregnancy (30 days), pregnancy (21 days) and lactation (21 days) periods. The left kidney was removed from male offspring 60 days after birth. The volume of the kidney, cortex, medulla, proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and distal convoluted tubules (DCT), as well as the length of PCT and DCT, were analyzed by means of stereology. Results showed a decrease in the volume and length of the DCT and also some pathological effects in experimental groups, in comparison with the control group. Due to the ameliorating effect of lead in perinatal period even in low doses on offspring kidneys, cautiousness is needed in this period.

Keywords

• kidney
• lead
• stereology
• perinatal period

References

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